ChronologicalorderofmajoreventsinIslamicHistory

ChronologicalorderofmajoreventsinIslamicHistory

545BirthofAbdullah,theHolyProphet'sfather.571Birth of the Holy Prophet. Year of theElephant. Invasion of Makkah by Abraha theViceroyofYemen,hisretreat.577The Holy Prophet visits Madina with hismother.Deathofhismother.580DeathofAbdulMuttalib,thegrandfatheroftheHolyProphet.583

TheHolyProphet'sjourneytoSyriainthecompanyofhisuncleAbuTalib.HismeetingwiththemonkBahiraatBisrawhoforetellsofhisprophethood.586TheHolyProphetparticipatesinthewarofFijar.591

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TheHolyProphetbecomesanactivememberof"HilfulFudul",aleagueforthereliefofthedistressed.594TheHolyProphetbecomestheManagerofthebusinessofLadyKhadija,andleadshertradecaravantoSyriaandback.595TheHolyProphetmarriesHadratKhadija.Seventhcentury605TheHolyProphetarbitratesinadisputeamongtheQuraishabouttheplacingoftheBlackStoneintheKaaba.610The first revelation in the cave atMt. Hira. TheHoly Prophet is commissioned as theMessenger ofGod.613DeclarationatMt.SarainvitingthegeneralpublictoIslam.614InvitationtotheHashimitestoacceptIslam.615PersecutionoftheMuslimsbytheQuraish.ApartyofMuslimsleavesforAbyssinia.616SecondHijrahtoAbysinnia.617SocialboycottoftheHashimitesandtheHolyProphetbytheQuraish.TheHashimitesareshutupinaglenoutsideMakkah.619Liftingoftheboycott.DeathsofAbuTalibandHadratKhadija.Yearofsorrow.620JourneytoTaif.Ascensiontotheheavens.621FirstpledgeatAqaba.622SecondpledgeatAqaba.TheHolyProphetandtheMuslimsmigratetoYathrib.623:Nakhlaexpedition.624BattleofBadr.ExpulsionoftheBaniQainuqaJewsfromMadina.625Battle of Uhud.Massacre of 70Muslims at Bir Mauna. Expulsion of Banu Nadir Jews fromMadina.SecondexpeditionofBadr.626

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ExpeditionofBanuMustaliq.627BattleoftheTrench.ExpulsionofBanuQuraizaJews.628Truce of Hudaibiya. Expedition to Khyber. The Holy Prophet addresses letters to various heads ofstates.629TheHolyProphetperformsthepilgrimageatMakkah.ExpeditiontoMuta(Romans).630ConquestofMakkah.BattlesofHunsin,Auras,andTaif.631ExpeditiontoTabuk.YearofDeputations.632FarewellpilgrimageatMakkah.632Death of the Holy Prophet. Election of Hadrat Abu Bakr as the Caliph. Usamah leads expedition toSyria.BattlesofZuQissaandAbraq.BattlesofBuzakha,ZafarandNaqra.CampaignsagainstBaniTamimandMusailima,theLiar.633CampaignsinBahrain,Oman,MahrahYemen,andHadramaut.RaidsinIraq.BattlesofKazima,Mazar,Walaja,Ulleis,Hirah,Anbar,Einattamr,DaumatulJandalandFiraz.634BattlesofBasra,DamascusandAjnadin.DeathofHadratAbuBakr.HadratUmarFarooqbecomestheCaliph.BattlesofNamaraqandSaqatia.635BattleofBridge.BattleofBuwaib.ConquestofDamascus.BattleofFahl.636BattleofYermuk.BattleofQadsiyia.ConquestofMadain.637ConquestofSyria.FallofJerusalem.BattleofJalula.638ConquestofJazirah.639ConquestofKhuizistan.AdvanceintoEgypt.640Capture of the post of Caesaria in Syria. Conquest of Shustar and Jande Sabur in Persia. Battle of

BabyloninEgypt.641BattleofNihawand.ConquestOfAlexandriainEgypt.642BattleofRayyinPersia.ConquestofEgypt.FoundationofFustat.643ConquestofAzarbaijanandTabaristan(Russia).644Conquest of Fars, Kerman, Sistan, Mekran and Kharan.Martyrdom of Hadrat Umar. Hadrat OthmanbecomestheCaliph.645CampaignsinFats.646CampaignsinKhurasan,ArmeainandAsiaMinor.647CampaignsinNorthAfrica.ConquestoftheislandofCypress.648CampaignsagainsttheByzantines.651NavalbattleoftheMastsagainsttheByzantines.652DiscontentmentanddisaffectionagainsttheruleofHadratOthman.656MartyrdomofHadratOthman.HadratAlibecomestheCaliph.BattleoftheCamel.657HadratAlishiftsthecapitalfromMadinatoKufa.BattleofSiffin.ArbitrationproceedingsatDaumautulJandal.658BattleofNahrawan.659ConquestofEgyptbyMu'awiyah.660HadratAli recapturesHijazandYemen fromMu'awiyah.Mu'awiyahdeclareshimself as theCaliphatDamascus.661MartyrdomofHadratAli.AccessionofHadratHasanandhisabdication.Mu'awiyahbecomesthesoleCaliph.

662Khawarijrevolts.666RaidofSicily.670AdvanceinNorthAfrica.UqbabNafefoundsthetownofQairowaninTunisia.ConquestofKabul.672CaptureoftheislandofRhodes.CampaignsinKhurasan.674TheMuslimscrosstheOxus.Bukharabecomesavassalstate.677OccupationofSarnarkandandTirmiz.SiegeofConstantinople.680DeathofMuawiyah.AccessionofYazid.TragedyofKerbalaandmartyrdomofHadratHussain.682InNorthAfricaUqbabNafemarches to theAtlantic, is ambushedand killed atBiskra. TheMuslimsevacuateQairowanandwithdrawtoBurqa.683DeathofYazid.AccessionofMu'awiyahII.684Abdullah b Zubair declares himself aS the Caliph at'Makkah. Marwan I becomes the Caliph' atDamascus.BattleofMarjRahat.685DeathofMarwanI.AbdulMalikbecomestheCaliphatDamascus.BattleofAinulWada.686MukhtardeclareshimselfastheCaliphatKufa.687BattleofKufabetweentheforcesofMukhtarandAbdullahbZubair.Mukhtarkilled.691BattleofDeirulJaliq.KufafallstoAbdulMalik.692ThefallofMakkah.DeathofAbdullahbZubair.AbdulMalikbecomesthesoleCaliph.695Khawarij revolts inJaziraandAhwaz.Battleof theKarun.CampaignsagainstKahina inNorthAfrica.The'MuslimsonceagainwithdrawtoBarqa.TheMuslimsadvanceinTransoxianaandoccupyKish.700

CampaignsagainsttheBerbersinNorthAfrica.702Ashath'srebellioninIraq,battleofDeirulJamira.705DeathofAbdulMalik.AccessionofWalidIasCaliph.711ConquestofSpain,SindandTransoxiana.712TheMuslimsadvanceinSpain,SindandTransoxiana.713ConquestofMultan.715DeathofWalidI.AccessionofSulaiman.716InvasionofConstantinople.717DeathofSulaiman.AccessionofUmarbAbdulAziz.720DeathofUmarbAbdulAziz.AccessionofYazidII.724DeathofYazidII.AccessionofHisham.725TheMuslimsoccupyNimesinFrance.732ThebattleofToursinFrance.737TheMuslimsmeetreverseatAvignoninFrance.740ShiarevoltunderZaidbAli.BerberrevoltinNorthAfrica.BattleoftheNobles.741BattleofBagdourainNorthAfrica.742TheMuslimrulerestoredinQiarowan.743DeathofHisham.AccessionofWalidII.ShiarevoltinKhurasanunderYahyabZaid.744DepositionofWalid I1.AccessionofYazid II1andhisdeath.Accessionof Ibrahimandhisoverthrow.

BattleofAinalJurr.AccessionofMarwanII.745KufaandMosuloccupiedbytheKhawarjites.746BattleofRuparThutha,KufaandMosuloccupiedbyMarwanII.747RevoltofAbuMusliminKhurasan.748BattleofRayy.749Battles of lsfahan andNihawand.Capture of Kufa by theAbbasids. AsSaffah becomes theAbbasidCaliphatKufa.750BattleofZab.FallofDamascus.EndoftheUmayyads.751ConquestofWasitbytheAbbasid.MurderoftheMinisterAbuSalama.754DeathofAsSaffah.AccessionofMansurastheCaliph.755RevoltofAbdullahbAli.MUrderofAbuMuslim.SunbadhrevoltinKhurasan.756AbdulRahmanfoundstheUmayyadstateinSpain.762ShiarevoltunderMuhammad(NafsuzZakia)andIbrahim.763FoundationofBaghdad.DefeatoftheAbbasidsinSpain.767KharijistatesetupbyIbnMadraratSijilmasa.UstadSeesrevoltinKhurasan.772BattleofJanbiinNorthAfrica.Rustamid.statesetupinMorocco.775DeathortheAbbasidCaliphMansur,AccessionofMahdi,777BattleofSaragossainSpain.785DeathoftheCaliphMahdi.AccessionofHadi.786

DeathofHadi.AccessionofHarunurRashid.788IdrisidstatesetupintheMaghrib.DeathofAbdulRahmanofSpain,andaccessionofHisham.792InvasionofSouthFrance.796DeathofHishaminSpainaccessionofalHakam.799SuppressionoftherevoltoftheKhazars.Ninthcentury.800TheAghlabidruleisestablishedinNorthAfrica.803DownfalloftheBarmakids.ExecutionofJafarBarmki.805CampaignsagainsttheByzantines.CaptureoftheislandsofRhodesandCypress.809DeathofHarunurRashid.AccessionofAmin.814CivilwarbetweenAminandMamun.AminkilledandMamunbecomestheCaliph.815ShiarevoltunderIbnTubaTabs.816ShiarevoltinMakkahHarsamaquellstherevolt.InSpaintheUmayyadscapturetheislandofCorsica.817Harsamakilled.818TheUmayyadsofSpaincapturetheislandsofIzira,Majorica,andSardinia.819MamuncomestoBaghdad.820TahirestablishestheruleoftheTahiridsinKhurasan.822DeathofAIHakaminSpainaccessionofAbdulRahman.II.823DeathofTahirinKhurasan.AccessionofTalhaandhisdeposition.AccessionofAbdullahbTahir.827MamundeclarestheMutazilacreedasthestatereligion.

833DeathofMamun.AccessionofMutasim.836MutasimshiftsthecapitaltoSamarra.837RevoltoftheJats.838RevoltofBabekinAzarbaijansuppressed.839Revolt of Maziar in Tabaristan. The Muslims occupy South Italy. Capture of the city of Messina inSicily.842DeathofMutasim,accessionofWasiq.843RevoltsoftheArabs.847DeathofWasiq,accessionofMutawakkil.850Mutawakkilrestoresorthodoxy.849DeathoftheTahiridrulerAbdullahbTahiraccessionofTahirII.852DeathofAbdurRahmanIIofSpain.accessionofMuhammadI.856UmarbAbdulAzizfoundstheHabbaridruleinSind.858MutawakkilfoundsthetownofJafariya.860AhmadfoundstheSamanidruleinTransoxiana.861MurderoftheAbbasidCaliphMutawakkilaccessionofMuntasir.862MuntasirpoisonedtodeathaccessionofMutasin.864ZaidistateestablishedinTabaristanbyHasanbZaid.866MutasimfliesfromSamarra,hisdepostionandaccessionofMutaaz.867YaqubbLaythfoundstheSaffaridruleinSistan.

868AhmadbTulunfoundstheTulunidruleinEgypt.869TheAbbasidCaliphMutaazforcedtoabdicate,hisdeathandaccessionofMuhtadi.870TurksrevoltagainstMuhtadi,hisdeathandaccessionofMutamid.873Tahiridruleextinguished.874ZanjrevoltinSouthIraq.DeathoftheSamanidrulerAhmad,accessionofNasr.877DeathofYaqubbLaythinSistan,accessionofAmrbLayth.885DeathofAhmadbTuluninEgypt,accessionofKhamarwiyiah.866DeathofMuhammadItheUmayyadrulerofSpain,accessionofMunzir.DeathofAbdullahbUmartheHabbarirulerofSind.888DeathofMunzirtheUmayyadrulerofSpain,accessionofAbbullah.891TheQarmatianstateestablishedatBahrain.892DeathoftheSamanidrulerNasr,accessionofIsmail.894TheRustamidsbecomethevassalsofSpain.896DeathoftheTulunidrulerKhamarwiyiahaccessionofAbulAsakirJaish.897AssassinationofAbulAsakirJaishaccessionofAbuMusaHarun.898QarmatianssackBasra,902DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphMuktafideathoftheSaffaridrulerAmr.903AssassinationoftheQarmatianrulerAbuSaidaccessionofAbuTahir.905AbdullahbHamdanfoundstheHamdanidruleinMosulandJazira.EndoftheTulunidruleinEgypt.

907DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphMuktafiaccessionofMuqtadir,908EndoftheSaffaridrule,annexationoftheirterritoriesbytheSamanids.909UbaidullahoverthrowstheAghlabldsandfoundstheFatimidruleinNorthAfrica.912DeathoftheUmayyadAmirAbdullahinSpain,accessionofAbdurRahmanIII.913AssassinationoftheSamanidrulerAhmadII,accessionofNasrII.928MardawijbZiyarfoundstheZiyaridruleinTabaristan.929Qarmatians sack Makkah and carry away the Black Stone from the Holy Kaaba. In Spain, AbdurRahmanIIIdeclareshimselfastheCaliph.931Deposition and restoration of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir. Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu TahiraccessionofAbuMansur.932DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphMuqtadiraccessionofAlQahir.934DepositionoftheAbbasidCaliphAIQahiraccessionofArRadi.DeathoftheFatimidCaliphUbaidullahaccessionofAlQaim.935AssassinationoftheZiyaridrulerMardawijaccessionofWashimgir.DeathofHamdanidrulerAbdullahbHamdanaccessionofNasirudDaula.936BycoupIbnRaiqbecomestheAmirulUmara.938ByanothercouppoweratBaghdadiscapturedbyBajkam.940DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphArRadi,accessionofMuttaqi.941AssassinationofBajkam,captureofpowerbyKurtakin.942IbnRaiqrecapturespower.943

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AlBaeidicapturespower.TheAbbasidCaliphMuttaqiisforcedtoseekrefugewiththeHamdanids.SailudDaulacapturespoweratBaghdadandtheCaliphreturns to' Baghdad. Power is captured by Tuzun and Sail ud Daula retires' to Mosul. Death of theSamanidrulerNasrII,accessionofNuh.944Muttaqiisblindedanddeposed,accessionofMustakafi.945Death of Tuzun. Shirzad becomes Amir ul Umra. The Buwayhids capture power. Deposition of theAbbasidCaliphMustakafi.946Death of theFatimidCaliphA1Qaim. accession ofMansur.Death of the Ikhshid rulerMuhammadbTughj,accessionofAbul'QasimUngur.951:TheQarnaatianarestoretheBlackStonetotheHolyKaaba.954DeathoftheSasanidrulerNuh,accessionofAbdulMalik.961Death of the Samanid ruler Abdul Malik, accession of Manauf. Alptgin founds the rule of theGhazanavids.DeathoftheUmayyadCaliphAbdulRahmanIIIinSpainaccessionofHakam.DeathoftheIkhshidrulerUnguraccessionofAbulHasanAli.965DeathoftheQarmatianrulerAbuMansuraccessionofHasanAzam.AssassinationoftheIkhshidrulerAbulHasanAlipowercapturedbyMalikKafur.967Deathof theBuwayhidSultanMuizudDaula,accessionofBakhtiar.Deathof theHamdanidrulerSailudDaula.968ByzantinesoccupyAleppo.DeathoftheIkhshidrulerMalikKafuraccessionofAbulFawaris.969TheFatimidsconquerEgypt.972BulugginbZirifoundstheruleoftheZiridsAlgeria.973ShiaSunnidisturbancesinBaghdadpowercapturedinBaghdadbytheTurkishGeneralSubuktgin.974AbdicationoftheAbbasidCaliphAIMuttihaccessionofAtTaii.975DeathoftheTurkGeneralSubuktgin.DeathoftheFatimidCaliphAlMuizz.

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976TheBuwayhidSultanIzzudDaularecapturespowerwiththehelpofhiscousinAzududDaula.DeathoftheSamanidrulerMansur,accessionofNuhII.InSpaindeathoftheUmayyadCaliphHakam,accessionofHishamII.978Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Izz ud Daula, power captured by Azud ud Daula. The HamdanidsoverthrownbytheBuwayhids.979SubkutginbecomestheAmirofGhazni.981EndoftheQarmatianruleatBahrain.982DeathoftheBuwayhidSultanAzududDaulaaccessionofSamsaraudDaula.984DeathoftheZiridrulerBuluggin,accessionofMansur.986TheBuwyhidSultanSamsaraudDaulaoverthrownbySharafudDaula.989DeathoftheBuwayhidSultanSharafudDaula,accessionofBahaudDaula.991DepositionoftheAbbasidCaliphAtTaii,accessionofAIQadir.996DeathoftheZiridrulerMansur,accessionofNasirudDaulaBadis.997DeathoftheSamanidrulerNuhII,accessionofMansurII.998Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur II, accession of Abdul Malik II. Mahmud becomes the Amir ofGhazni.999EndoftheSamanids.1001MahmudGhazanavidefeatstheHinduShahis.1004MahmudcapturesBhatiya.1005MahmudcapturesMultanandGhur.1008MahmuddefeatstheRajputconfederacy.1010

AbdicationofHishamIIinSpain.accessionofMuhammad.1011InSpainMuhammadisoverthrownbySulaiman.1012InSpainpoweriscapturedbyBaniHamud.DeathoftheBuwayhidBahaudDaula,accessionofSultanudDaula.1016DeathoftheZirridrulerNasirudDaulaBadisaccessionofAIMuizz.1018InSpainpoweriscapturedbyAbdulRahmanIV.1019ConquestofthePunjabbyMahmudGhazanavi.1020TheBuwayhidSultan udDaula isOverthrown byMusharaf udDaula,Death of theFatimidCaliphAIHakim,accessionofAlZahir.1024InSpainassassinationofAbdulRahmanIV,accessionofMustafi.1025DeathoftheBuwayhidMushgrafudDaula,accessionofJalaludDaula.1029InSpaindeathofMustaft,accessionofHishamIII.1030DeathofMahmudGhazanavi.1031InSpaindepositionofHisharnIII,andendoftheUmayyadrule.DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphAlQadir,accessionofAlQaim.1036DeathoftheFatimidCaliphAIZahir,accessionofMustansir.TughrilBegiscrownedasthekingoftheSeljuks.1040BattleofDandanqan,theSeljuksdefeattheGhazanavids.DepositionofMasudtheGhazanavidSultan,accessionofMuhammad.AIMoravidscometopowerinNorthAfrica.1041TheGhazanavidSultanMuhammadisoverthrownbyMaudud.1044DeathoftheBuwayhidJalaludDaula,accessionofAbuKalijar.

1046BasasiricapturespowerinBaghdad.1047TheZiridsinNorthAfricarepudiateallegiancetotheFatimidandtransferallegiancetotheAbbasids.1048DeathoftheBuwayhidAbuKalijar,accessionofMalikurRahim.1050YusufbTashfincomestopower.intheMaghrib.1055TughrilBegoverthrowstheBuwayhids.1057BasasirirecapturespowerinBaghdad,deposesAlQaimandoffersallegiancetotheFatimidCaliph.1059TughrilBegrecapturespowerinBaghdad,alQaimisrestoredastheCaliph.1060Ibrahim becomes the Sultan of Ghazni. Yusuf b Tashfin founds the city of Marrakesh. The ZiridsabandontheircapitalAshirandestablishtheircapitalatBougie.1062DeathoftheZiridrulerAIMuizz,accessionofTamin.1063DeathoftheSeljukSultanTughrilBegaccessionofAlpArsalan.1071BattleofManzikert,theByzantineemperortakencaptivebytheSeljuks.1073DeathofAlpArsalan,accessionofMalikShah.1077DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphAIQaim,accessionofAIMuqtadi.1082TheA1MoravidsconquerAlgeria.1086Battle of Zallakha. The AI Moravids defeat the Christians in Spain. Death of the Rum Sejuk SultanSulaiman,accessionofKilijArsalan.1091TheNormansconquertheislandofSicilyendoftheMuslimrule.1092DeathoftheSeljukSultanMalikShah,accessionofMahmud.1094

Death of Mahmud accession of Barkiaruk. Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Muqtadi, accession ofMustahzir.1095Thefirstcrusade.1099ThecrusaderscaptureJerusalem.1101DeathortheFatimidCaliphAlMustaali,accessionofAlAamir.1105DeathoftheSeljukSultanBarkiaruk,accessionOfMuhammad.1106DeathoftheAIMotavidYusufbTashfin.1107DeathoftheRumSeljukSultanKilijArsalan,successionofMalikShah.1108DeathoftheZiridrulerTamin,accessionofYahya.1116DeathoftheRumSeljukSultanMalikShah.accessionofRuknudDinMasud.1118Death of the Seljuk Sultan Muhammad accession of Mahmud II. Death of the Abbasid CaliphMustahzir,accessionofMustarshid.InSpaintheChristianscaptureSaragossa.1121DeathoftheFatimidCaliphAIAamir,accessionofAIHafiz.1127ImadudDinZangiestablishestheZangiruleInMosul.1128DeathoftheKhawarzamShahQutbudDinMuhammadaccessionofAtsiz.1130DeathoftheSeljukSultanMahmudIIaccessionofTughrilBegII.1134Assassination of the AbbasidCaliphMustarshid accession of Al Rashid. Death of the Seljuk SultanTughrilBegII,accessionofMasud.1135DepositionoftheAbbasidCaliphAIRashid,accessionofAIMuktafi.1144ImadudDinZangicapturesEdessafromtheChristians,secondcrusade.

1146DeathofImadudDinZangi,accessionofNurudDinZangi.1147IntheMaghribAIMoravidsoverthrownbytheAlMohadsunderAbulMumin.1148EndoftheZiridrule'inNorthAfrica.1149DeathoftheFatimidCaliphAIHafiz,accessionofAIZafar.1152Death of the Seljuk Sultan Masud, accession of Malik Shah II. Hamadid rule extinguished in NorthAfrica.1153DeathoftheSeljukSultanMalikShahI1,accessionofMuhammadII.1154DeathoftheFatimidCaliphAIZafar,accessionofAIFaiz.1156DeathoftheRumSeljukSultanRuknudDinMasid,accessionofArsalanII.1159DeathoftheSeljukSultanMuhammadII,accessionofGulaiman.1160DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphAIMukta,accessionofAlMustanjid.DeathoftheFatimidCaliphAlFaiz,accessionofAlAzzid.1161DeathoftheSeljukSulaiman,accessionofArsalanShah.1163DeathoftheAIMohadrulerAbulMumin,accessionofAbuYaqubYusuf.1170DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphMustanjid,accessionofAlMustazii.1171DeathoftheFatimidCaliphAIAzzid.EndoftheFatimids.SalahudDinfoundstheAyyubiddynastyinEgypt.1172DeathoftheKhawarzamShahArsalan,accessionofSultanShah.1173TheKhawarzamShahSultanShahisoverthrownbyTukushShah.1174SalahudDinannexesSyria.

1175TheGhuridsdefeattheGuzzTurksandoccupyGhazni.1176DeathoftheSeljukSultanArsalanShah,accessionofTughrilBegIII.1179Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Mustazaii, accession of AI Nasir. Shahab ud Din Ghuri capturesPeshawar.1185DeathoftheAIMohadrulerAbuYaqubYusuf,accessionofAbuYusufYaqub.1186TheGhuridsoverthrowtheGhaznvaidsinthePunjab.1187SalahudDinwrestsJerusalemfromtheChristians,thirdcrusade.1191BattleofTarainbetweentheRajputsandtheGhurids.1193DeathofSalahudDinaccessionofAlAziz.SecondbattleofTarain.1194OccupationofDelhibytheMuslims.EndoftheSeljukrule.1199DeathoftheKhawarzamShahTukushShahaccessionofAlaudDin.DeathoftheAIMohadrulerAbuYusufYaqubaccessionofMuhammadNasir.ConquestofNorthernIndiaandBengalbytheGhurids.1202DeathoftheGhuridSultanGhiasudDinaccessionofMahmud.1204ShahabudDinGhuridefeatedbytheGhuzzTurks.1206DeathofShahabudDinGhuri.QutbudDinAibikcrownedkinginLahore.1210AssassinationoftheGhuridSultanMahmUd,accessionofSam.DeathofQutbudDinAibak,accessionofAramShahinIndia.1211End of the Ghurid rule, their territories annexed by the Khawarzam Shahs. In India Aram ShahoverthrownbyIltutmish.1212Battle of AI Uqab in Spain, end of the AI Mohad rule in Spain. The AI Mohads suffer defeat by the

ChristiansinSpainattheAlUqba.TheAIMohadSultanAnNasirescapestoMoroccowherehediessoonafter.AccessionofhissonYusufwhotakesovertitleofAIMustansir.1214InNorthAfricadeathoftheAIMohadrulerAlNasir,accessionofAlMustansir.TheBanuMarinundertheirleaderAbdulHaqoccupythenortheasternpartofMorocco.1216TheBanuMarin under their leader Abdul Haq occupy north eastern part ofMorocco. The AIMohadssufferdefeatbytheMarinidsatthebattleofNakur.TheBanuMarindefeattheAIMobadsatthebattleofNakur.1217TheMarinidssufferdefeatinthebattlefoughtonthebanksoftheSiburiver.AbdulHaqiskilledandtheMarinidsevacuateMorocco.InthebattleofSibutheMarinidssufferdefeattheirleaderAbdulHaqiskilledandtheyevacuateMorocco.1218Deathof theAyyubid rulerAIAdil, accessionofAIKamil.TheMarinids return toMoroccounder theirleaderOthmanandoccupyFez.1220DeathoftheKhawarzamShahAlaudDin,accessionofJalaludDinMangbarni.1222DeathoftheZangirulerNasirudDinMahmud,powercapturedbyBadrudDinLulu.1223Death of the Al Mohad ruler Muntasir, accession of Abdul Wahid. Death of Yusuf AI Mustansir,accessionofAbdulWahidinMorocco..InSpainabrotherofYusufdeclares his independence and assumes the title of AI Adil. In Spain AbuMuhammad overthrowsAIAdil.AIAdilescapestoMoroccoandoverthrowsAbdulWahid.1224DeathoftheAIMohadrulerAbdulWahid,accessionofAbdullahAdil.1225DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphAINasir,accessionofAIMustansir.1227DeathoftheAIMohadrulerAbdullahAdil,accessionofMustasim.AssassinationofAlAdil,accessionofhissonYahyawhoassumesthethroneunderthenameofAlMustasim.1229

DeathoftheAIMohadrulerMustasim,accessionofIdris.TheAyyubidAIKamilrestoresJerusalemtotheChristians.AbuMuhammaddiesinSpainandissucceededbyAlMamun.AIMamuninvadesMoroccowithChristianhelp.YahyaisdefeatedandpoweriscapturedbyAlMamun.HedeniestheMahdishipofIbnTumarat.1230EndoftheKhawarzamShahrule.1232DeathoftheAIMohadrulerIdris,accession,ofAbdulWahidII.AssassinationofAlMamunaccessionofhissonArRashid.1234DeathoftheAyyubidrulerAIKamil,accessionofAIAdil.1236DeathofDelhiSultanIltutmish.AccessionofRuknudDinFerozShah.1237AccessionofRaziaSultanaasDelhiSultan.1240DeathofArRashidaccessionofhissonAbuSaid.1241DeathofRaziaSultana,accessionofBahramShah.1242DeathofBahramShah,accessionofAlaudDinMasudShahasDelhiSultan.Deathof theAIMohadrulesAbdulWahid,accessionofAbuHasan.DeathoftheAbbasidCaliphMustansir,accessionofMustasim.1243DeathoftheAIMohadrulerAbdulWalidII,accessionof1244TheAlMohadsdefeattheMarinidsatthebattleofAbuBayash.TheMarinidsevacuateMorocco.1245TheMuslimsreconquerJerusalem.1246DeathoftheDelhiSultanAlaudDinMasudShah,accessionofNasirudDinMahmudShah.1248DeathoftheAIMohadrulerAbulHasan,accessionofOmarMurtaza.AbuSaidattacksTlemsen,butisambushedandkilledaccessionofhissonMurtada.1250TheMarinidsreturntoMorocco,andoccupyagreatarpartthereof.

1258TheMongols sackBaghdad.Death of theAbbasidCaliphMustasim.Endof theAbbasid rule. Fall ofBaghdad,endoftheAbbasidcaliphate.TheMongolIIKhansunderHalakuestablish their rule in Iranand Iraqwith thecapitalatMaragah.BerekKhan theMuslimchiefoftheGoldenHordeprotestsagainstthetreatmentmetedouttotheAbbasidCaliphandwithdrawhisContingentfromBaghdad.1259AbuAbdullahtheHafsidrulerdeclareshimselfastheCaliphandassumesthenameofAIMustamir.1260BattleofAynJalut inSyria.TheMongolsaredefeatedby theMamluksofEgypt,and thespellof theinvincibilityoftheMongolsisbroken.BaybarsbecomestheMamlukSultan.1262DeathofBahauddinZikriyainMultanwhoiscreditedwiththeintroductionoftheSuhrawardiSufiorderintheIndoPakistansubcontinent.1265DeathofHalaku.DeathofFariduddinGanjShakkartheChishtisaintoftheIndoPakistansubcontinent.1266DeathofBerekKhan the first rulerof theGoldenHorde tobeconverted to Islam.Theeighthcrusade.ThecrusadersinvadeTunisia.Failureofthecrusade.1267MalikulSalihestablishesthefirstMuslimstateofSamudraPasaiinIndonesia.MurtadaseeksthehelpoftheChristians,andtheSpaniardsinvadeMorocco.The Marinids drive away the Spaniards from Morocco. Assassination of Murtada accession of AbuDabbas.1269AbuDabbasisoverthrownbytheMarinida,EndoftheAlMohads.EndoftheruleoftheAIMohadsinMorocco,theMarinidscometopowerinMoroccounderAbuYaqub.1270DeathofMansaWalithefounderoftheMuslimruleinMali.1272DeathofMuhammadIthefounderofthestateofGranada.YaghmurasoninvadesMoroccobutmeetsareverseatthebattle1273DeathofJalaluddinRumi.1274

DeathofNasiruddinTusi.TheMarinidswrestSijilmasafromtheZayenids.NinthcrusadeunderEdwardIofEngland.ThecrusadeendsinfiascoandEdwardreturnstoEngland.1277DeathofBaybars.1280BattleofHims.1283DeathofYaghmurasan.AccessionofhissonOthman.1285TunisissplitsinTunisandBougie.1286Death of Ghiasuddin Balban. Death of Abu Yusuf Yaqub. Bughra Khan declares his independence inBengalunderthenameofNasiruddin.1290EndoftheslavedynastyJalaluddinKhiljicomesintopower.Othmanembarksonacareerofconquestandby1290C.E.mostoftheCentralMaghrebisconqueredbytheZayanids.1291Saadi.1296AlauddinGhazanconvertedtoIslam.1299MongolsinvadeSyria.TheMarinidsbesiegeTlemsenthecapitaloftheZayanids.1301InBengal,DeathofRuknuddinthekingofBengal,succeededbybrotherShamsuddinFiruz.1302InGranada,DeathofMuhammadIIsuccessionofMuhammadIII.1304In theMongols IIKhansempire,DeathofGhazan,successionofhisbrotherKhudabandaUlJaytu. InAlgeria,DeathofOthman,successionofhissonAbuZayanMuhammad.1305IntheKhiljisempire,AlauddinKhiljiconquersRajputana.1306IntheChughillsempire,DeathofDava,successionofhissonKunjuk.1307

IntheMarinidsempire,AssassinationoftheMarinidSultanAbuYaqubYusufaccessionofAbuThabit1308IntheChughillsempire,DepositionofKunjuk,powercapturedbyTaliku.InAlgeria,DeathofAbuZayanMuhammad,successionofhisbrotherAbuHamuwMusa.IntheMarinidsempire,AbuThabitoverthrownbyAbuRabeahSulaiman.1309In the Chughills empire, Assassination of Taliku, accession of Kubak. In Granada, Muhammad IIIoverthrownbyhisuncleAbulJuyushNasr.1310In the Chughills empire, Kubak overthrown by his brother Isan Buga. In the Marinids empire, AbuRabeahSulaimanoverthrownbyAbuSaidOthman.IntheKhiljisempire,AlauddinconquersDeccan.1312InTunisia,InTunisAbulBaqaisoverthrownbyAlLihiani.1313In theMongols IIKhansempire, InvasionofSyria, theMongolsrepulsed. In theGoldenHordeempire,DeathofToktu,accessionofhisnephewUzbeg.1314In Kashmir, Rainchan an adventurer from Baltistan overthrows Sinha Deva the Raja of Kashmir.RainchanisconvertedtoIslamandadoptsthenameofSadrudDin.InGranada,AbulJuyushoverthrownbyhisnephewAbulWahidIsmail.1315InTunisia,WarbetweenBougieandTunis,Lihanidefeatedandkilled.AbuBakrbecomes the rulerofBougieandTunis.1316IntheMongolsIIKhansempire,DeathofKhudabandaUlJaytu,successionofAbuSaid.IntheKhiljisempire,DeathofAlauddin,accessionofShahabuddinUmar,usurpationofpowerbyMalikKafur,aHinduconvert.1318In the Khiljis empire, Assassination of Malik Kafur, deposition of Shahabuddin Umar, accession ofQutbuddinMubarak.IntheChughillsempire,IsanBugaoverthrownbyKubak.1320IntheKhiljisempire,AssassinationofQutbuddinMubarak,usurpationofpowerbyKhusroKhanaHinduconvert.KhusroKhanoverthrownbyGhaziMalik.Endof the ruleofKhiljis. InTunisia,AbuBakrexpelled fromTunisbyAbu Imran. In theTughluqsempire,GhaziMalikfoundstheruleoftheTughluqdynasty.

1321IntheChughillsempire,DeathofKubak,successionofHebbishsiwhoisoverthrownbyDavaTemur.1322IntheChughillsempire,DavaTemuroverthrownbyTarmashirin,whoisconvertedtoIslam.InBengal,DeathofShamsuddinFiruz.Thekingdomdividedintotwo parts. Ghiasuddin Bahadur became the ruler of East Bengal with the capital at Sonargaon,ShahabuddinbecametherulerofWestBengalwiththecapitalatLakhnauti.1324InBengal,ShahabuddindiesandissucceededbyhisbrotherNasiruddin.1325In theTughluqsempire,DeathofGhaziMalik (GhiasuddinTughluq)accessionofhissonMuhammadTughluq.InGranada,AssassinationofAbulWahidIsmail,successionofhis sonMuhammad IV.AssassinationofMuhammad IV.AccessionofhisbrotherAbulHallajYusuf.IntheSamudraPasaiempire,DeathofMalikalTahirI,accessionofMalikalTahirII.InBengal,WiththehelpofGhiasuddinTughluq,Nasiruddinoverthrows.GhiasuddinBahadurandhimselfbecome'stherulerofUnitedBengal.1326In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death of Othman, succession of Orkhan. Orkhan conquers Bursa andmakesithiscapital.1327IntheOttomanTurksempire,TheTurkscapturethecityofNicaea.1329IntheTughluqsempire,MuhammadTughluqshiftsthecapitalfromDelhitoDaulatabadinDeccan.1330IntheChughillsempire,DeathofTramashirin,successionofChangshahi.AmirHussainestablishestheruleoftheJalayardynastyatBaghdad.InTunisia,AbuBakroverthrowsAbuImranandthestate isagainunited,underhim. InBengal,MuhammadbTughluqreversesthepolicyofhisfatherandrestoresGhiasuddinBahadurtothethroneofSonargeon.1331IntheMarinidsempire,DeathofAbuSaidOthman,sucessionofAbulHasan.InBengal,AnnexationofBengalbytheTughluqs.1335In theMongols II Khans empire, Death of Abu Said, power captured by Arpa Koun. In the Chughillsempire,AssassinationofChangshahi,accessionofBurun.

1336IntheMongolsIIKhansempire,Arpadefeatedandkilled,succeededbyMusa.BirthofAmirTemur.IntheJalayarempire,DeathofAmirHussain,successionofHasan Buzurg. In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks annex the state of Karasi. In Bengal, TheTughluqGovernoratSonargeonassassinatedbyarmourbearerwhocapturedpoweranddeclaredhis independenceassumingthenameofFakhruddinMubarakShah.1337IntheMongols IIKhansempire,TheruleofMusaoverthrown,MuhammadbecomestheSultan. In theSarbadaranempire,OnthedisintegrationoftheIIKhanrule, Abdur Razaq a military adventurer establishes an independent principality in Khurasan with thecapitalatSabzwar.IntheMuzaffaridsempire,Onthedisintegration of the II Khan rule Mubarazud Din Muhammad established the rule of the Muzaffariddynasty.IntheOttomanTurksempire,TheTurkscapturethecityofNicomedia.InAlgeria,AlgeriaisoccupiedbyMarinids.1338In the Mongols II Khans empire, Muhammad overthrown, succession of Sati Beg. Sati Beg marriesSulaimanwhobecomesthecoruler.1339InKashmir,DeathofSadrudDin, thronecapturedbyaHinduUdyanaDeva. In theChughills empire,DepositionofBurun,accessionofIsunTemur.InBengal,The Tughluq Governor at LakhnautiQadr Khan assassinated and power is captured by the armycommanderinchiefwhodeclareshisindependenceandassumesthetitleofAlauddinAliShah.1340IntheMuzaffaridsempire,TheMuzaffaridsconquerKirman.IntheChughillsempire,DepositionofIsunTemur,accessionofMuhammad.1341IntheGoldenHordeempire,DeathofUzbeg,successionofhissonTiniBeg.1342IntheGoldenHordeempire,TiniBegoverthrownbyhisbrotherJaniBeg.1343IntheChughillsempire,Muhammadoverthrown,powercapturedbyKazan.InBengal,IlyasanofficerofAlauddinmurdershispatronandcapturesthethroneofWestBengal.1344IntheMongolsIIKhansempire,DepositionofSulaiman,successionofAnusherwan.

1345In the Samudra Pasai empire, Death of Malik al Tahir II, accession of Tahir III. His rule lastedthroughoutthefourteenthcentury.InBengal,llyascapturesEastBengalandunderhimBengalisagainunited.HeestablisheshiscapitalatGaur.1346IntheChughillsempire,DepositionofKazan,accessionofHayanKuli. InTunisia,DeathofAbuBakr,successionofhissonFadal.InKashmir,DeathofUdyanaDeva,thronecapturedbyShahMirzawhoassumedthenameofShahMir,androundedtheruleofShahMirdynasty.1347TheMarinidscaptureTunisia. In theBahmanidsempire,HasanGangudeclareshis independenceandestablishesastateinDeccanwiththecapitalatGulbarga.1349InKashmir,DeathofShahMir,accessionofhissonJamsbed.InAlgeria,TheZayanidsunderAbuSaidOthmanrecaptureAlgeria.1350In the Sarbadaran empire, Revolt against Abdur Razaq. Power captured by Amir Masud. In Tunisia,DepositionofFadal,successionofhisbrotherAbuIshaq.InKashmir,JamshedoverthrownbyhisstepbrotherAlauddinAliSher.1351IntheMarinidsempire,DeathofAbulHasan,successionofAbuInan.IntheTughluqsempire,DeathofMuhammadTughluqaccessionofFiruzShahTughluq.1352InAlgeria,TheMarinidsagaincaptureAlgeria.AbuSaidOthmanistakencaptiveandkilled.1353EndoftheMongolIIKhanrule.IntheOttomanTurksempire,TheTurksacquirethefortressofTympaontheEuropeansideoftheHollespoint.IntheMuzaffaridsempire,TheMuzaffaridsconquerShirazandestablishtheircapitalthere.1354In the Muzaffarids empire, The Muzaffarids annex Isfahan. In Granada, Assassination of Abu HallajYusuf,successionofhissonMuhammadV.1356IntheJalayarempire,DeathofHasanBuzurg,successionofhissonOwaia.1357IntheGoldenHordeempire,DeathofJaniBeg,successionofKulpa.1358

In the Bahmanids empire, Death of Hasan Gangu, accession of his son Muhammad Shah. In theMuzaffaridsempire,DeathofMubarazuddinMuhammadaccessionofShahShuja. In theMarinidsempire,AssassinationofAbu Inan,successionofAbuBakrSaid.InBengal,DeathofIlyas,successionofhissonSikandarShah.1359IntheOttomanTurksempire,DeathofOrkhan,successionofMurad. In theMuzaffaridsempire,ShahShujadeposedbyhisbrotherShahMahmud.InTunisia,AbulAbbasanephewofAbuIshaqrevoltsandestablisheshisruleinBougie.InAlgeria,TheZayanidsunderAbuHamuwIIrecaptureAlgeria.IntheMarinidsempire,AbuBakrSaidoverthrownbyAbuSalimIbrahim.InGranada,MuhammadVlosesthethroneinpalacerevolution,succeededbyIsmail.1360In the Muzaffarids empire, Death of Shah Mahmud. Shah Shuja recaptures power. In the Chughillsempire,PowercapturedbyTughluqTemur.InGranada,IsmailoverthrownbyhisbrotherinlawAbuSaid.1361IntheOttomanTurksempire,MuradconquersapartofThraceandestablisheshiscapitalatDemolikainThrace.IntheGoldenHordeempire,KulpaoverthrownbyhisbrotherNauroz.IntheMarinidsempire,AbuSalimIbrahimoverthrownbyAbuUmar.AbuUmaroverthrownbyAbuZayyan.1362IntheGoldenHordeempire,Stateofanarchy.During20yearsasmanyas14rulerscametothethroneandmadetheirexit.InGranada,AbuSaidoverthrownbyMuhammadVwhocomestoruleforthesecondtime.InKashmir,DeathofAlauddinAliSher,succeededbyhisbrotherShahabuddin.1365IntheOttomanTurksempire,TheTurksdefeattheChristiansatthebattleofMatiza,theByzantinerulerbecomesavassaloftheTurks.1366IntheMarinidsempire,AssassinationofAbuZayyan,successionofAbuFarisAbdulAziz.1369Power captured by Amir Temur. End of the rule of the Chughills. Amir Temur captures power inTransoxiana.InTunisia,DeathofAbuIshaq.SuccessionofhissonAbuBaqaKhalid.1370InTunisia,AbuBaqaoverthrownbyAbulAbbasunderwhom the state is reunited. In theSarbadaran

empire,DeathofAmirMasud,successionofMuhammadTemur.1371IntheOttomanTurksempire, InvasionofBulgaria,BulgarianterritoryuptotheBalkansannexedbytheTurks.1372IntheMarinidsempire,DeathofAbuFaris,successionofAbuMuhammad.1374IntheMarinidsempire,AbuMuhammadoverthrownbyAbulAbbas.1375In the Sarbadaran empire, Deposition of Muhammad Temur, power captured by Shamsuddin. In theJalayarempire,DeathofOwais,successionbyhissonHussain.1376InKashmir,DeathofShahabuddin,succeededbyhisbrotherQutbuddin.1377IntheBahmanidsempire,DeathofMuhammadShah,succeededbyhissonMujahid.1378IntheBahmanidsempire,Mujahidassassinated,thronecapturedbyhisuncleDaud.1379Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire, Bairam Khawaja found the independent principality of theTurkomansoftheBlackSheepandestablishedhiscapitalatVaninArmenia.IntheBahmanidsempire,AssassinationofDaudaccessionofMuhammadKhan.1380IntheGoldenHordeempire,PoweriscapturedbyToktamish,aprinceoftheWhiteHordeofSiberia.InAmirTemur'sempire,AmirTemurcrossestheOxusandconquers Khurasan and Herat. Amir Temur invades Persia and subjugates the Muzaffarids andMazandaran.1381InAmirTemur'sempire,AnnexationofSeestan,captureofQandhar.1384InAmirTemur'sempire,ConquestofAstrabad,Mazandaran,RayyandSultaniyah. In theMuzaffaridsempire,DeathofShahShuja,accessionofhissonZainulAbdin. In theMarinids empire, Abul Abbas overthrown byMustansir. Turkomans of the Black Sheepempire,DeathofBairamKhawaja,successionofQaraMuhammad.1386

InAmirTemur'sempire,AnnexationofAzarbaijan,Georgeaoverrun.SubjugationofGilanandShirvan.TurkomansoftheBlackSheepdefeated.IntheMarinidsempire,DeathofMustansir,successionofMuhammad.1387IntheMarinidsempire,MuhammadoverthrownbyAbulAbbaswhocomestopowerforthesecondtime.1388InAlgeria,DeathofAbuHamuwII,successionofAbuTashfin.IntheTughluqsempire,DeathofFiruzShahTughluq,succeededbyhisgrandsonGhiasuddinTughluqII.1389IntheMuzaffaridsempire,DeathofthepoetHafizShirazi.IntheTughluqsempire,DeathofGhiasuddinTughluqII,accession:ofAbuBakrTughluqShah.TurkomansoftheBlackSheepempire,DeathofQaraMuhammad.successionofQaraYusuf.1390IntheTughluqsempire,AbuBakroverthrowbyNasiruddinTughluq.InBengal,DeathofSikandarShah,accessionofhissonGhiasud.IntheBurjiMamluksempire,TheruleoftheBurjiMamluksroundedbySaifuddinBarquq.1391InAmirTemur'sempire,AnnexationofFars. In theMuzaffaridsempire,Annexationof theMuzaffaridsbyAmirTemur.InGranada,DeathofMuhammadV,successionofhissonAbuHallajYusufII.1392IntheJalayarempire,DeathofHussain,successionofhissonAhmad.InGranada,DeathofAbuHallajsuccessionofMuhammadVI.1393AmirTemurdefeatsTiktomish,theruleroftheGoldenHorde.CaptureoftheJalayardominionsbyAmirTemur.IntheMarinidsempire,DeathofAbulAbbassuccessionofAbuFarisII.1394Amir Temur defeats the Duke of Moscow. In the Tughluqs empire, Death of Nasiruddin Tugluq,accessionofAlauddinSikandarShah.InKashmir,DeathofQutbuddin.TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,QaraOthmanestablishedtheruleoftheWhiteSheepTurkomansinDiyarbekr.1395IntheGoldenHordeempire,AmirTemurdefeatedToktamishandrazesSeraitotheground.EndoftheruleoftheGoldenHorde.AnnexationofIraqbyAmirTemur.IntheTughluqsempire,DeathofSikandarShah.AccessionofMuhammadShah.

1396IntheAmirTemur'sempire,DestructionofSarai,andoftheruleoftheGoldenHorde.IntheSarbadaranempire,PrincipalityannexedbyAmirTemur.1397IntheBahmanidsempire,DeathofMuhammadKhan.1398In theAmir Temur's empire,Campaign in India. In theMarinids empire,Death ofAbuFaris II. In theTughluqsempire,InvasionofAmirTimur,MahmudShahescapes fromthecapital. InMorocco,Deathof theMarinidSultanAbuFaris IIsuccessionofhissonAbuSaidOthman.1399In the Amir Temur's empire, Campaign in Iraq and Syria. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death ofSaifuddinBarquq,successionofhissonNasiruddininFaraj.1400IntheBurjiMamluksempire,TheMamlukslostSyriawhichwasoccupiedbyAmirTimur.1401In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Timur Qutluq, the ruler, installed by Amir Timur. accession ofShadiBeg.1402IntheOttomanTurksempire,DefeatofBayazidatthebattleofAnkara,takencaptiveAmirTimur.1403IntheOttomanTurksempire,MuhammadI,thesonofBayazidascendedthethrone.1405IntheTimuridsempire,DeathofAmirTimur,successionofhissonShahRukh.1407In theGoldenHorde empire, Deposition of Shadi Beg, installation of Faulad Khan by the kingmakerEdigu.1410IntheGoldenHordeempire,DepositionofFauladKhan,installationofTimur.1412IntheGoldenHordeempire,DepositionofTimur,installationofJalaluddin.IntheBurjiMamluksempire,DeathofNasiruddinFaraj,successionofAlMuayyad.1413IntheGoldenHordeempire,DepositionofJalaluddin,installationofKarimBardo.1414IntheGoldenHordeempire,DepositionofKarimBardo,installationofKubakKhan.1416

In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition of Kubak Khan, installation of Jahar Balrawi. Deposition ofJaharBalrawi,installationofChaighray.1419In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Edigu, overthrow of Chaighray, power captured by UlughMuhammad.1420IntheGoldenHordeempire,UlughMuhammadoverthrownbyDaulatBairawi.1420:Turkomansof theBlackSheepempire,DeathofQaraYusufsuccessionofhis sonQara Iskandar. InMorocco,Assassination ofAbuSaidOthman succession of his infant sonAbdulHaq.1421In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death of Muhammad I accession of his son Murad II. In the BurjiMamluksempire,DeathofAlMuayyad,successionofMuzaffarAhmad.MuzaffarAhmadoverthrownbyAmirSaifuddinTata,DeathofSaifuddinTata,successionofhissonMuhammad.MuhammadoverthrownbyAmirBarsbay.1424In theGoldenHordeempire,Death ofDaulatBairawi, succession ofBerk. InAlgeria, TheHalsida ofTunisiaoccupyAlgeria.Thisstateofaffairscontinuedthroughoutthefifteenthcentury.1425In the Uzbegs empire, Abul Khayr, a prince of the house of Uzbeg declare his independence in thewesternpartofSiberia,1427IntheGoldenHordeempire,BerkoverthrownbyUlughMuhammadwhocapturedpowerforthesecondtime.1430IntheUzbegsempire,AbulKhayroccupiesKhawarazm.1434Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire, Deposition ofQara Iskandar installation of his brother JahanShah.TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,DeathofQaraOthman,successionofhissonAliBeg.InTunisia,DeathofAbulFarisafteraruleoffortyyears,successionofhissonAbuAbdullahMuhammad.1435InTunisia,DepositionofAbuAbdullahMuhammad,powercapturedbyAbuUmarOthman.1438In theBurjiMamluksempire,DeathofBarsbay,accessionofhisminor sonJamaluddinYusufYusuf

overthrownandpowercapturedbytheChiefMinisterSaifuddinGakmuk.TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,AliBegoverthrownbyhisbrotherHamza.1439IntheGoldenHordeempire,UlughMuhammadwithdrewfromSaraiandfoundtheprincipalityofQazan.SaidAhmadcametopowerinSarai.1440TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,HamzaoverthrownbyJahangirasonofAliBeg.1441IntheGoldenHordeempire,CrimeasecededfromSarai.1446In theTimuridsempire,DeathofShahRukh,successionofUlughBeg. In theOttomanTurksempire,SecondbattleofKossovaresultinginthevictoryoftheTurks.SerbiaannexedtoTurkeyandBosniabecameitsvassal.1447IntheGoldenHordeempire,AstraKhansecededfromSarai.1449In the Uzbegs empire, Abul Khayr captures Farghana. In the Timurids empire, Death of Ulugh Beg,successionofAbdulLatif.1450IntheTimuridsempire,AssassinationofAbdulLatif,accessionofAbuSaid.1451IntheOttomanTurksempire,DeathofMuradIIaccessionofhissonMuhammadII.1453In theOttomanTurksempire,CaptureofConstantinopleby theTurks.Turkomansof theWhiteSheepempire,DeathofJahangiraccessionofhissonUzunHasan. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Gakmuk. succession of his son Fakhruddin Othman.OthmanoverthrownbytheMamlukGeneralSaifuddinInal.1454IntheOttomanTurksempire,AttackagainstWallachia,WallachiabecameavassalstateofTurkey.1456IntheOttomanTurksempire,AnnexationofSerbia.1461In the Ottoman Turks empire, Annexation of Bosnia and Herzogovina. In the Burji Mamluks empire,DeathofSaifuddinInal,successionofhissonShahabuddinAhmad.ShahabuddinAhmadoverthrownbytheMamlukGeneralSaifuddinKhushqadam.1462IntheOttomanTurksempire,AnnexationofAlbania.

1465In theGoldenHordeempire,DeathofSaidAhmad, successionof his sonKhanAhmad. InMorocco,AssassinationofAbdulHaq.EndoftheMarinidrule.PowersnatchedbySharifMuhammadalJati.1467Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire, Death of Jahan Shah, end of the rule of the Black SheepTurkomanrule.TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,JahanShahof theBlackSheepattacked theWhiteSheep. JahanShahwasdefeated and theBlackSheepterritoriesannexedbytheWhiteSheep.IntheBurjiMamluks empire, Death of Khushqadam, accession of his son Saifuddin Yel Bey. Deposition of YelBey,powercapturedbytheMamlukGeneralTemurBugha.1468In theUzbegs empire, Death of Abul Khayr, succession of his sonHaidar Sultan. Turkomans of theWhiteSheepempire,UzunHasandefeatedtheTimuridsatthebattleofQarabaghwhereby theWhiteSheepbecame themastersofPersiaandKhurasan. In theBurjiMamluksempire,DepositionofFemurBugha,powercapturedbytheMamlukGeneralQaitBay.1469In the Timurids empire, Death of Abu Said, disintegration of the Timurid state. In Khurasan HussainBaygaracametopowerandheruledduringtheremainingyearsofthefifteenthcentury.1472In Morocco, Sharif Muhammad al Jati overthrown by the Wattisid chief Muhammad al Shaikh whoestablishestheruleoftheWattisiddynasty.1473IntheOttomanTurksempire,WaragainstPersiaPersiansdefeated.1475IntheOttomanTurksempire,AnnexationofCrimea.WaragainstVenice.TukeybecamethemasteroftheAegeanSea.1478TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,DeathofUzunHasan,successionofhissonKhalil.1479TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,KhaliloverthrownbyhisuncleYaqub.1480IntheGoldenHordeempire,AssassinationofKhanAhmad,successionofhissonSaidAhmadII.1481In theGoldenHordeempire,SaidAhmad I1overthrownbyhisbrotherMurtada. In theOttomanTurks

empire,DeathofMuhammadII,accessionofBayazidII.1488In theUzbegsempire,DeathofHaiderSultan, successionof his nephewShaybaniKhan. InTunisia,DeathofAbuUmarOthmanafteraruleof52years,successionofAbuZikriyaYahya.1489InTunisia,AbuZikriyaYahyaoverthrownbyAbulMumin.1490InTunisia,AbulMuminoverthrown,powerrecapturedbyAbuYahya.1493TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,DeathofYaqub.accessionofhissonBayangir.1495TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,BayangiroverthownbyhiscousinRustam.1496IntheBurjiMamluksempire,AbdicationofQaitBay,successionofhissonNasirMuhammad.1497TurkomansoftheWhiteSheepempire,RustamoverthrownbyAhmad.Anarchyandfragmentation.1498IntheBurjiMamluksempire,DepositionofNasirMuhammad,powercapturedbyZahirKanauh.1499In theUzbegs empire,ShayhaniKhan conqueredTransoxiana. In theGoldenHorde empire,Death ofMurtada,successionofSaidAhmadIII."IntheOttomanTurksempire,TheTurksdefeatedtheVenetianfleetinthebattleofLepanto.1500IntheBurjiMamluksempire,ZahirKanauhoverthrownbyAshrafGanBalat.1501Isamil I establishes the Safavid dynasty in Persia, and the TwelveImamShi'ism becomes the statereligion.1507ThePortugueseunderd'AlbuquerqueestablishstrongholdsinthePersianGulf.1508Turkomans of theWhite Sheep empire, End of theWhite Sheep dynasty and the annexation of theirterritoriesbytheSafawids.1511D'AlbuquerqueconquersMalaccafromtheMuslims.1517TheOttomanSultanSelimYavuz("theGrim")defeatstheMamluksandconquersEgypt.

1520ThereignofSulaymantheMagnificentbegins.1526LouisofHungarydiesattheBattleofMohacs.1526TheBattleofPanipatinIndia,andtheMoghulconquestBaburmakeshiscapitalatDelhiandAgra.1528TheOttomanstakeBudainHungary.1529UnsuccessfulOttomansiegeofVienna.1550ThearchitectSinanbuildstheSuleymaniyemosqueinIstanbul.1550TheriseoftheMuslimkingdomofAtjehinSumatra.1550IslamspreadstoJava,theMoluccas,andBorneo.1556ThedeathofSulaymantheMagnificent.1568AlpujarrauprisingoftheMoriscos(MuslimsforciblyconvertedtoCatholicism)inSpain.1571TheOttomansaredefeatedatthenavalBattleofLepanto,andtheirdominanceintheMediterraneanisbroughttoaclose.1578TheBattleoftheThreeKingsatQasralKabirinMorocco.KingSebastianofPortugaliskilled.1588ReignofSafavidSultanShahAbbasIbegins.1591MustailiIsmailissplitintoSulaymanisandDaudis.1600SindannexedbytheMughals.EndoftheArghunruleinSind.1601KhandeshannexedbytheMughals.1603Battle of Urmiyah. Turks suffer defeat. Persia occupies Tabriz, Mesopotamia. Mosul and Diyarbekr.DeathofMuhammadIII,SultanofTurkey,accessionofAhmadI.InMoroccoalShaikhdied.

1604InIndonesiadeathofAlauddinRayatShah,SultanofAcheh,accessionofAliRayatShahIII.1605DeathoftheMughalemperorAkbaraccessionofJahangir.1607AnnexationofAhmadnagarbytheMughals.1609AnnexationofBidarbytheMughals1611KuchBeharsubjugatedbytheMughals.1612KamrupannexedbytheMughals.1617DeathofAhmadI,SultanofTurkey,accessionofMustafaDepositionofMustafa:accessionofOthmanII.1618TipperahannexedbytheMughals.:'1620InTurkeydepositionofMustafa,accessionofOthmanII.1623InTurkeyMustafarecapturedpower.1625InTurkeydepositionofMustafa,accessionofMuradIV.1627DeathoftheMughalemperorJahangir,accessionofShahJahan.1628ReignofSafavidSultanShahAbbasIcomestoanend.1629InPersiadeathofShahAbbasaccessionofgrandsonSafi.1631DeathofMumtazMahal,wifeofMughalEmperorShahJahanandtheladyofTajMahal,Agra.1637DeathofIskandarMudainIndonesiaaccessionofIskandarII.1640DeathofOtthmanSultanMuradIV.accessionofhisbrotherIbrahim.1641TurkscaptureAzov.InIndonesiadeathofIskandarIIaccessionoftheQueenTajulAlam.

1642InPersiadeathofShahSafi,accessionofShahAbbasII.1648InTurkeyIbrahimdeposedaccessionofMuhammadIV.1656MuhammadKuiprillibecomestheGrandMinisterinTurkey.1658DepositionoftheMughalemperorShahJahan,accessionofAurangzeb.1661DeathofMuhammadKuiprilli,accessionofhissonAhmadKuiprilli.1667DeathofShahAbbasIIaccessionofShahSulaiman.1675ExecutionoftheSikhGuruTeghBahadur.InIndonesiadeathofthequeenTajulAlam,accessionofthequeenNurulAlam.1676DeathoftheGrandWazirofTurkeyAhmadKuiprilli,successionbyKaraMustafa.1678InIndonesiadeathofthequeenNurulAlam,accessionofthequeenInayatZakia.1680DeathofMarhattachieftainShivaji.1682AssamannexedbytheMughals.AurangzebshiftsthecapitaltoAurangabadintheDeccan.1683TheTurksliftthesiegeofViennaandretreat.KaraMustafatheGrandWazirexecutedforthefailureoftheexpedition.1686AnnexationofBijapurbytheMughals.1687GolkundaannexedbytheMughals.SecondbattleofMohads.DefeatoftheTurksbyAustria.DepositionofMuhammadIV.AccessionofSulaimanII.1688InIndonesiadeathofqueenInayatZakia,accessionofthequeenKamalah.1690DeathoftheOttomanSultanSulaimanII,accessionofAhmadII.1692DeathoftheTurkSultanAhmadII,accessionofMustafaII.

1694InPersiadeathofShahSafi,accessionofShahHussain.1699InIndonesiadeathofQueenKamalah.1700MurshidQuliKhandeclarestheindependenceofBengalandestablisheshiscapitalatMurshidabad.1703Ahmad 11I becomes the Ottoman Sultan. Birth of Shah Wali Ullah. Birth of the religious reformerMuhammadbAbdulWahab.1707DeathoftheMughalemperorAurangzeb,accessionofhissonBahadurShah.1711WarbetweenTurkeyandRussia.RussiadefeatedatthebattleofPruth.1712DeathoftheMughalemperorBahadurShah,accessionofJahandarShah.1713JahandarShahoverthrownbyhisnephewFarrukhSiyar.1718InthewaragainstAustria,Turkeysuffersdefeat.BythetreatyofPassarowichTurkeylosesHungary.1719Deposition of the Mughal emperor Farrukh Siyar Muhammad Shah ascends the throne. In Sind theKalhorascametopowerunderNurMuhammadKalhora.1722Saadat Khan found the independent state of Oudh. Battle of Gulnabad between the Afghans and thePersians.ThePersiansweredefeatedandtheAfghansunder Shah Mahmud became the masters of a greater part of Persia. Shah Hussain taken captive,accessionofShahTahmaspII.1730ZanzibarfreedfromPortugeseruleandoccupiedbyOreart.1747AhmadShahDurraniestablishedAfghanruleinAfghanistan.1752DeathofShahAbdulLatifBhitai,writerofSassiPannu,SohniMahinwalandUmerMarvo.1752AhmedShahDurranicapturedPunjab,KashmirandSind.1761DeathofShahWaliullahDehlavi.

1761Battle of Panipat. AhmadShahDurrani came to India at the invitation of ShahWaliullahDehlavi andsmashedrisingMarathapowerinthebattleofPanipat.1764ConversiontoIslamofAreadiGaya.rulerofFutaBanduStateinWestSudan.1773DeathofAhmadShahDurrani.1783EndofKalhoraruleinSind.1797DeathofMuhammadKhanQachar,kingofPersia.1797RussiaoccupiedDaghestan.1799RanjitSinghdeclaredhimselfMaharajahofPunjabdefeatingAfghans.1799KhoqanddeclaredindependentIslamicState.1803Shah Abdul Aziz ibn Saud assassinated by a Shia fanatic. Shah Shuja proclaimed as King ofAfghanistan.1805IbnSaudcapturedMadinahdefeatingtheTurkgarrison.1804OthmanDanFodioestablishedIslamicStateofSokotoinCentralSudan.1805FaraizimovementlaunchedinBengal.MuhammadAliappointedPashaofEgyptbytheTurks.1806KhanateofKhivacameintolimelightundertheruleofMuhammadRahimKhan.1807DarqawisectrevoltedagainstTurkishdomination.TunisiarepudiatedsuzeraintyofAlgeria.1811BirthofAliMuhammadBabfounderofBabmovement.1811BritishoccupiedIndonesia.1812MadinafelltoEgyptians.1813

MakkahandTaifcapturedbyEgyptianforcesandSaudisexpelledfromHijaz.1814IranexecutedtreatyofalliancewiththeBritishknownasDefinitiveTreaty.1814DeathofIbnSaudII.1814KingOthmanofTunisiaassassinatedbyhiscousinMahmud.1816BritishwithdrewfromIndonesiarestoringittotheDutch.1822DeathofMaulayIsmailinMorocco.1827MalayabecameapreserveoftheBritishaccordingtoAngloNetherlandtreatyin1824.1828RussiadeclaredwaragainstTurkey.1829TreatyofAdrianople.1830FrenchforceslandednearAlgiersandoccupiedAlgeriaending313yearsruleofTurks.1831Syed Ahmad Barelvi and Shah Ismail leaders of Jihad movement in India fell fighting the Sikhs inBalakot.1832TurksdefeatedinthebattleofKoniabyEgyptianforces.1832SayyidSaid,KingofOman,shiftedhiscapitaltoZanzibar.1834AbdulQadirrecognisedasruleroftheareaunderhiscontrolbytheFrench.1839DefeatofTurkeybytheEgyptiansinthebattleofNisibin.1840QuadrupleAlliancebytheEuropeanpowerstoforceEgypttorelinquishSyria.1840BritishfreesoccupiedAden.1841StateofAdamawaestablishedbyAdamsadjacenttoNigeria.1842

AmirAbdulQadir,oustedfromAlgeriabytheFrench.crossedovertoMorocco.1842ShahShujaassassinatedendingtheDurraniruleinAfghanistan.1847AmirAbdulQadir surrendred toFranceunder theconditionofsafeconduct toaMuslimcountryofhischoicebutFranceviolateditspledgeandsenthimasacaptivetoFrance.1849DeathofMuhammadAlipasha.1850Ali Muhammad Bab arrested and executed by Iranian government. Qurratul Ain Tabira, a renownedpoetessandstaunchadvocateofBabismalsoshotdead.1852ReleaseofAmirAbdulQadirbyNapoleanIII.HesettledinTurkey.1855KhivaannexedbyRussia.1857BritishcapturedDelhiandeliminatedMughalruleinIndiaafter332years.LastMughalEmperorBahadurShahZafarwasexiledtoRangooninBurma.Thiswasalsotheendof1000yearsofMuslimruleoverIndia.1859Imam Shamil laid down arms before Russian forces and the Islamic State of Daghestan became aRussianprovince.1860MaulayMuhammaddefeatedbySpain.1861DeathofSultanAbdulMajidofTurkey.1862FaraizimovementfizzledoutafterthedeathofDaduMiyan..1865KhoqandStateliquidatedbyRussia.1869JamaluddinAfghaniexiledfromAfghanistan.HeproceededtoEgypt.1871TunisiarecognisedsuzeraintyofTurkeythroughaFirman.1876BritainpurchasedsharesofKhedivIsmailintheSuezcanalandgotinvolvedinEgyptianaffairs.

1878TurkeyhandedoverCyprustoBritain.1878AdrianoplefelltoRussia.1879JamaluddinAfghaniexiledfromEgypt.1879TreatyofBerlin.Turkeylost4/5thofitsterritoryinEurope.1881France invaded Tunisia and the Bey acknowledged supremacy of France as a result of the treaty ofBardo.1881MuhammadAhmaddeclaredhimselfMahdiinnorthernSudan.1882EgyptcameunderBritishmilitaryoccupation.1883DeathofAmirAbdulQadirinDamascus.1885MuhammadAhmaddeclaredfreeGovernmentofSudanunderhisrule.1885DeathofMahdiSudanifivemonthsaftertheoccupationofKhartum.1890EndofBanbaraState.1895Afghanistan got Wakhan corridor by an understanding with Russia and British India making AfghanbordertouchChina.1895MirzaGhulamAhmadofQadianclaimedprophethood.1897StateofBagirimioccupiedbytheFrench,1899FallofMahdiStateoccupiedbytheBritishandtheEgyptiansjointly.1901IbnSaud(AbdalAziz)capturesRiyad.1901FrenchforcesoccupyMorocco.1904

MoroccobecomesaFrenchprotectorateundertheConferenceofAlgeciras.1904ThePresianconstitutionispromoted.1905ThebeginningoftheSalafiyyahmovementinPariswithit'smainsphereofinfluenceinEgypt.1907ThebeginningoftheYoungTurksmovementinTurkey.1912ThebeginningoftheMuhammadiyyahreformmovementinIndonesia.1914UnderOttomanrule,secretArabnationalistsocietiesareformed.1914WorldWarI.1916ArabrevoltagainstOttoman(Turkish)rule.LawrenceofArabialeadsattacksontheHijazRailway.1918ArmisticesignedwithOttomansonOctober30.1918WorldWarIendsonNovember11.1918SyriaandDamascusbecomeaFrenchprotectorate.1921AbdAllahbinHusayninmadeKingofTransjordan.HisfatherwastheSharifofMecca.1921FaysalbinHusaynismadeKingofIraq.HisfatherwastheSharifofMecca.1921AbdalKarimleadsarevoltagainstcolonialruleinMoroccanRif,anddeclaresthe"RepublicoftheRif".1922MustafaKemalabolishestheTurkishSultanate.1924TheTurkishCaliphateisabolished.1924KingAbdalAzizconquersMeccaandMedina,which leads to theunificationof theKingdomsofNajdandHijaz.1925RezaKhanseizesthegovernmentinPersiaandestablishesthePahlavidynasty.1926

AbdalAziz(IbnSaud)assumestitleofKingofNajdandHijaz.1927DeathofZaghlul,anEgyptiannationalistleader.1928Turkeyisdeclaredasecularstate.1928HasanalBannafoundstheMuslimBrotherhood.1932IraqgrantedindependencebyLeagueofNations.1934WarbetweenKingAbdalAzizandImamYahyaoftheYemen.1934PeacetreatyofTa'if.1934AsirbecomespartofSaudiArabia.1935IranbecomestheofficialnameofPersia.1936IncreasedJewishimmigrationprovokeswidespreadArabJewishfightinginPalestine.1939WorldWarII.1941British and Russian forces invade Iran and Reza Shah is forced to abdicate in favor of his sonMohammadRezaShahinIran.1943BeginningofZionistterroristcampaigninPalestine.1945EndofWorldWarII.1946Jordan,Lebanon,andSyriaaregrantedindependencefromBritainandFrance.1947CreationofPakistanfromMuslimMajorityareainIndia.1948CreationofstateofIsrael.ArabarmiessufferdefeatinwarwithIsrael.1949HasanalBanna,leaderoftheMuslimBrotherhood,isassassinated.1951

Libyabecomesindependent.1952KingFaruqofEgyptforcedtoabdicate.1953GeneralZahedileadscoupagainstMusaddeq,Shahreturnstopower.1953DeathofKingAbdalAziz(IbnSaud)ofSaudiArabia.1953ThefoundationstoneislaidtoenlargetheProphet'smosqueinMedina.1956Moroccobecomesindependent.1956Tunisiabecomesindependent.1957TheBeyofTunisiaisdeposed,andBourguibabecomesbecomespresident.1957EnlargementoftheHaraminMeccabegins.1962Algeriabecomesindependent.1962Death of Zaydi Imam of Yemen (Ahmad). Crown Prince Bahr succeds him and takes the title ImamMansurBiLlahMuhammad.1965MalcomXisassassinated.1968TheenlargementoftheHaraminMeccaiscompleted.1969KingIdrisofLibyaisoustedbyacoupledbyColonelQadhdhafi.1973KingZahirShahofAfghanistanisoverthrown.1975DeathofElijahMohammad,leaderofNationofIslamamongAfricanAmericansinNorthAmerica.1975WallaceWarithDeenMohammadassumes leadershipofNationof Islamandshiftsmovement towardIslamicOrthodoxyrenamingitAmericanMuslimMission.1978ImamMusaSadrisapparentlyassassinatedafterhedisappearsonatriptoLibya.Hewasthereligious

leaderoftheLebaneseTwelveImamShi'ites.HepromotedtheresurgenceofShi'itesinLebanonandsetthefoundationofAmal.1979TheShahleavesIranonJanuary15,thusbringingthePahlavidynastytoanend.1979On 1 Muharram AH 1400/21 November, the first day of the 15th Islamic century, fanatics led bystudentsoftheTheologicalUniversityofMedinaattempttopromoteoneoftheirgroupasMahdiandthusfulfillacertainpropheticHadith:"AmanofthepeopleofMedinawillgoforth,fleeingtoMecca,andcertainofthepeopleofMeccawill come to himandwill leadhim forth against hiswill and swear fealty to himbetweentherukn(BlackStonecorneroftheKabah)andtheMaqamIbrahim."TheyholdtheHaramofMeccaagainstthearmyfortwoweeks.Sixtythreeofthe300fanaticsarecapturedalive,themosqueisrecovered,andtheconspiratorsareallputtodeath.1980BeginningoftheIranIraqwar.1989IranIraqcomestoanendwithmuchlossoflife.1990MilitaryannexationofKuwaitbyIraq,underBa'athistleaderSaddamHussain,isreversedin1991byacoalitionofUnitedStatesledforces.

Ithinkyoushouldinclude:

1989: Afghanistan(and Pakistan) defeat one of the then super powers. the USSR Russian Bear. Itsdebateable thatUSwas helpingPakistan, but nowENOUGHevidence and literature is avaiable thatprovesthatPakistan'srolewaspivitolandcriticalwithoutwhich,nothingwouldhavematerialiased.

Secondly,

1998:Pakistanbecomesthe1stmuslimcountrytohaveatomicprowessandthe7thintheworld.

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AnonymousSaturday,13September2014thanks.

AnonymousSaturday,13September2014umairhoti.

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