china: a brief background introduction. early china in eastern hemisphere context chinese...

17
China: A Brief Background Introduction

Upload: ella-boff

Post on 16-Dec-2015

216 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

China: A Brief Background Introduction

Page 2: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context

Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context

Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Page 3: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Early Traditional Chinese Yin/Yang Values

Early Traditional Chinese Yin/Yang Values

Page 4: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Earliest Chinese Civilization: Warrior Aristocratic Rule in Shang (1766-

1122 BCE) and Western Zhou (1122-700s BCE)

Earliest Chinese Civilization: Warrior Aristocratic Rule in Shang (1766-

1122 BCE) and Western Zhou (1122-700s BCE)

Oracle BonesWar Chariot

Page 5: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Shang Oracle Bone on Lady Hao’s Childbirth

Shang Oracle Bone on Lady Hao’s Childbirth

Que divined: Lady Hao will give birth and it will be good

Prognostication: The King read the cracks and said: “If it be on a ding day that she give birth, it will be good. If it be on a geng day that she give birth , it will be prolonged auspiciousness.”

Verification: [After] thirty-one days, on jiajin, she gave birth. It was not good. It was a girl

Page 6: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Early Zhou Continue Shang Aristocratic Ways, But Late Zhou

(770 – 200s BCE) China Really Divided into Warring States

Early Zhou Continue Shang Aristocratic Ways, But Late Zhou

(770 – 200s BCE) China Really Divided into Warring States

Page 7: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Late Zhou = Roots of New, Classical China

Late Zhou = Roots of New, Classical China

• Great Thinkers try understand what makes best world:

– Legalists say must have harsh rule for order

– Daoists say small or no government best

– Confucius says rule by excellent men, for sake of all, is best (eventually becomes China’s ruling belief – but not for several centuries)

• All assume patriarchal family, some male dominance

Page 8: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Basic Confucian IdeasBasic Confucian Ideas

• Ruler & state should serve all the people• Educated gentlemen make the best officials• Peasants are foundation of state; craftspeople are OK; merchants have little value• Women should submit to men

Page 9: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Qin Shi Huangdi Unifies, Rules China 221-210 BCE

Qin Shi Huangdi Unifies, Rules China 221-210 BCE

• Marks end of aristocrat-dominated era Early Chinese Civilization

• Creates unified bureaucratic-centered state – needed to end wars among small states, be able withstand nomad attacks

• Later Scholars say fell because of its harsh Legalist philosophy

Page 10: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Qin Emperor’s Great Terracotta Army

Qin Emperor’s Great Terracotta Army

Page 11: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Qin Army CloseupsQin Army Closeups

Page 12: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Han China Follows Qin, Adopts Confucianism as “Good” Ruling

Philosophy

Han China Follows Qin, Adopts Confucianism as “Good” Ruling

Philosophy

Page 13: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Confucian Era Lasts 2000+ YearsConfucian Era Lasts 2000+ Years

Han Era, 206 BCE – 220 CE

(Era of Disunity = 220 – 581)

Tang Era, 618 - 906

Song Era, 960 - 1276

(Mongol Conquest Era = 1200s – 1368)

Ming Era, 1368 – 1644

Qing Era, 1644 - 1911

Page 14: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Confucian China = Increasing Urbanism, Prosperity, Arts, Culture

Confucian China = Increasing Urbanism, Prosperity, Arts, Culture

Page 15: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Tang Era Elite Women: Some Freedom of Movement, Public

Beauty

Tang Era Elite Women: Some Freedom of Movement, Public

Beauty

Page 16: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Women Increasingly Constrained: Footbinding

(10th–20th C CE)

Women Increasingly Constrained: Footbinding

(10th–20th C CE)

Page 17: China: A Brief Background Introduction. Early China in Eastern Hemisphere Context Chinese Agriculture = c. 4000 BCE; Chinese Civilization = 1766 BCE

Interesting Note: Qing (Manchu – 1644-1911) Shoes Look Bound,

But Aren’t

Interesting Note: Qing (Manchu – 1644-1911) Shoes Look Bound,

But Aren’t