chilled beams

Chilled BeamsComfort

Energy SavingsControl

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This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

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Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the

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2012 by Swegon Air Academy and Swegon, Inc. a wholly owned subsidiary of Swegon AB

Learning Objectives

At the end of this program, participants will be able to:

1. Understand functions and benefits of chilled beam systems2. Select energy-efficient types of air-water devices for room

conditioning3. Understand the SD elements of chilled beam systems4. Understand the HSW elements of chilled beam systems5. Identify possible LEED credits available by applying chilled beams

Active chilled beam basicsSmall primary air flow - high capacity

Primary air40 cfm59 F

Induced air160 cfm

77 F

Distributed air200 cfm

62 F

Primary air40 cfm64 F

Induced air160 cfm

68 FDistributed air200 cfm85 F

Cooling Heating

Active chilled beam basics Induction

Why chilled beams are popular

CV Chilled Beam

DCV Chilled Beam

VAV

Why 20% less energy than other systems?

More efficient distribution of cooling energy (water vs. air)

Air for ventilation only -> less fan energy

More efficient central fans -> less fan energy

CHWS temperature higher -> Greater chiller efficiency

More efficient central dehumidification

Sustainable Design - Energy Savings

Possible 30% more energy savings when DCV used

Probable LEED credits for optimizing

energy performance.


9 Chilled Beams 9

Air10 duct

Capacity 9900 Btuh(20 ft/s t 14 F)

Water3/4 pipe

Capacity 9900 Btuh(110 ft/m t 7 F)

Energy & space savings


Water-based cooling more efficient than Air-based cooling

10 r-mnad-dagProjekt10

Chilled beam basicsWhy is your VAV air handler so big?

Ventilation (breathing air)~20-25% of airflow

CoolingUp to 75-80% of airflow

11 Chilled Beams

*Costs vary by project


11

System Cooling energy

Fan energy

Maintenance

Fan Coil 1.00 1.00 1.00

Chilled beam CV 0.91 0.77 0.50

Chilled Beam - DCV 0.87 0.72 0.50

Sustainable Design - Space Savings

Plenum height typically halved

Lower device height (6 to 9 typ.)Smaller ductsHorizontal ducting


Chilled Beam

DUCT

DIFFUSER

VAV BoxOr

Fan Coil UnitSaved vertical space

Deck

Ceiling

Impact of chilled beam use

Example: 20 floor hotel

Fan coil design 212 (2544)

Chilled beam design (2444)

Possible extra floor

(10) rooms with $400k/room

$4M 1st year revenue increase

Possible higher ceilings

Possible reduced building height

Sustainable Design - Space Savings

Smaller mechanical room / space

Smaller air handler

Fewer system components


Sustainable Design Reduced complexity


Fan Coil Unit Requires fan/motor maintenance Requires 120v power (min), wiring Requires filters and regular

maintenance Requires drain pans, condensate lines,

possible condensate pumps

Chilled Beam No fans No operating electricity No filters requiring maintenance No drain pans

Adapt to reprogrammed spaces

Reconfigure in the fieldBefore

After

Why chilled beams are popularSustainable Design Life Cycle Extension

Chilled Beam Design Principles

Normal occupancy

Full occupancy loadDesign challenge:Risk of draft and discomfort from poor occupancy planning, or from inadequate control capabilities

Remedy:Allow maximum ASHRAE 55 conditions in worst case.Require beams with field adjustable air volumes and airflow patterns

Better occupant satisfaction

less draft

lower noise

controlled humidity

improved productivity/safety

Increased Health, Safety, Welfare

Possible LEED credits for controllability of thermal comfort

ASHRAE 55 comfort conditions


Why chilled beams are popularGreater comfort from field adjustability

Chilled Beam Timeline

1950sRadiant panels

1984Passive Chilled Beam

1987

Active Chilled Beam

2004

Comfort Module

Recent developments

Greater airflow flexibility

4Height 6.1

5Height 7.3

6Height 10.7

Recent developments

Greater architectural flexibility

Variable faceplate length and width

Fits more ceiling types (e.g. Bandraster)

Reduced height (~6 possible)

4Height 6.1

6Height 10.75

Height 7.3

Recent developments

Reduced cost of installation

Fewer duct connections and fittings

Chilled beam applications

In-ceiling

Sidewall

Under window induction units

Under window induction units

Sidewall horizontal discharge

27 r-mnad-dagProjekt

Room Control

Swegon CONDUCTOR W4 Modulating water and air flow Occupied/Unoccupied modes Boost recovery mode Temperature response Occupancy response Open window response Condensation response In-room & BAS setpoint

Read/WriteFactory-mounted and wired: Room Controller Valves/Actuators Condensation sensorFactory furnished / field mounted: Room sensor Occupancy sensor CO2 sensor Damper with factory mounted

actuator


Demand ControlTypical Conference Room


Demand Control


Due to dry cooling operation the beam system is used where the

internal humidity loads are moderate.

beam systems must be designed to ensure that there is no risk

of condensation

Dehumidification of the primary supply air by the main air

handling plant is used to control humidity

Studies have shown that the inlet water temperature can be

slightly lower than the dew point of the space before

condensation appears, and even lower (2.7 F) before droplets

form


US Department of Energy:

strict dehumidification of the supply air.

Since chilled beams are most cost effectively used to do only

sensible cooling, dehumidification becomes the job of the central

air handler.

Added benefit of controlled humidity = controlled comfort


90F db 43F wb(13,3gr)

75F db62.5F wb

(62 gr)

55F db53,5F wb(60 gr)

System Selection & Control

79,2F db65,3F wb(10,4gr)

81F db65,5F wb(10,4gr)

DOAS SA13750 CFM

EA 11250 CFM

NEW YORK 90Fdb 73Fwb

ROOM 73Fdb 62,5Fwb

2 pers/12m

40m/h x pers

1 Parasol 600x1200 LF-MMMM

45F 55F

154kW

COP=3

57F 62,6F

COP=4,5

75F db 59F wb (60 gr)

57F

62,6F

105 kW

12 m

88F db70,2F wb(12,3gr)

Moisture control strategy, primary

90F db 73F wb(95gr)

TRA: 75F db 65gr

TPRI: 55F db, 60gr

79,2F db65,3F wb

(74gr)

81F db66,2F wb

(74gr)

TCHWS: 57F

88F db70,8F wb

(87gr)

2. CHILLED BEAM Chilled Water Supply Temperature kept above dewpoint of building, as measured at the AHU return.

3. Individual zones protected from unintentional moisture removal (condensation) by moisture sensors and normally closed water valves.

1. AHU. Sized to provide ventilation air and entire latent load of building. Condensation occurs here.

4. Dewpoint measured at AHU return. BAS adjusts chilled beam water temperature to remain above the measured DP.

RH


Primary air55 F db

53,5 F wb(60 gr/lb)

Moisture control strategy, secondary

5. CONDENSATION SENSOR detects moisture before droplets form, signals BAS to close CHWS valve

Induced air

75 F db55 F dewpoint


Medtronic, Italy

Moisture Content

050

100150200

250300

Gothe

nbur

g, Sw

eden

Wellin

gton,

New

Zeala

ndMa

drid,

Spain

Dijon,

Franc

eLis

bon,

Portu

galIst

anbu

l,Tur

key

Bosto

n,

USA

New

York,

USA*

Miam

i, USA

Ahm

edab

ad,

India

Abu

Dhab

i, UAE

Cities

H

u

m

i

d

i

t

y

(

g

r

a

i

n

s

/

l

b

) 0.4% ASHRAE grains/lb project design


Performance Data Reliability


Cooling from Induced Air +

Cooling from Primary Air=

Total chilled beam coolingReliable data required!How is capacity measured? Tested & reported as an assembly Is not simply a sum of component capacity Active chilled beams Standard EN 15116

(ASHRAE is working on Standard 200, but it is not complete.) Passive chilled beams Standard EN 14518

(replaced DIN 4715)

How is capacity certified? Eurovent certification program uses EN Standards as method of test,

random sampling to enforce AHRI certification program is not in place

(Intending to use ASHRAE 200 awaiting its completion)

Glass quality

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient / Sun Reduction Factor !!

Most important

0.3 total factor or lower recommended

U-Value/K-Factor of less importance


Higher quality material = lower cooling costs

Reqd

Cooling

capacity

(Btuh)

Shading factor

2 pane

glazing

0.76

Brand 1

grey

0.48

Brand 1

upgrade

0.31

Build

ing m

atl

Light 2148 1605 1308

Medium 2022 1513 1247

Heavy 1875 1383 1113

Chilled beam cooling capacity required, as function of glass quality and construction material density thermal mass.

Higher initial investment costs - very short pay-back period!


Selection: Which beam is the right beam?


Model 4-way Active

2-way Active

1-way Active

Passive

Functions-cooling-cooling & heating-ventilation

yesyesyes

yesyesyes

yesyesyes

yesnono

Features-risk of draft-airflow control-installation time

lowestgoodlowest

lowgoodlow

lowgoodlow

highpoorlow

Configuration-overall height-modular ceilings-exposed ceilings-wall mount-continuous linear appearance

lowyesyesnono

lowestyesyesnoyes

lownonoyesno

lowyesyesnoyes

Typical applications:

Offices

Hotel rooms

Hospital wards

Retail spaces

Apply with care:

! Spaces w/ high ventilation rates

! Spaces with concurrent heat & contaminant loads

! Spaces with increased infiltration via open doors

etc.


Chilled Beam Applications

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chilled beams

Documents

chilled beam design

chilled beam dcv

chilled beam cv

projectwhy chilled beams

airflow11 chilled beams

air air

energyefficient types

energy performance