CHILLED BEAM

GUIDED BY: Ms. Meera G Mohan

Assistant Professor(Civil) SBCE

PRESENTED BY:Neelima Suresh J

Roll No : 39

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OVERVIEWIntroductionLiterature reviewComponents of chilled beamTypes of chilled beamAdvantages of chilled beamDisadvantages of chilled beamCase study 1Case study 2Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION

A chilled beam is a type of convection HVAC system designed to heat or cool large buildings

Developed in Norway in 1975

Emerging technology in the U.S. as an alternative to conventional systems such as VAV

Primarily used in locations where the humidity can be controlled

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LITERATURE REVIEWSL

NO. TITLE AUTHOR, YEAR CONTRIBUTION

1 Chilled Beams Selection Dan int-hout and W.Lilli , 2014

Describes the process for selecting chilled beams.

2Applying chilled beams to

reduce building total carbon footprint

Tim Dwyer, 2014Applications of chilled beams for energy and carbon reduction

3 Chilled Beams Performance Research John Tomkin,2013

Analysed the performance of hvac system.

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Chilled beam study claims potential for 20 per cent

energy savings over fan coils Andrew Gaved,2013

Shows a major energy benefit for the technology against other systems

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COMPONENTS OF CHILLED BEAM

1) Air handling units

Major component within any chilled beam or chilled ceiling system

Role - to clean and condition the air as it enters the building

Distribute it through the terminal devices

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2) Mixing boxes

Dampers are used in mixing boxes to regulate the mixture of fresh air and re-circulated air

3) Coils

Heat exchangers designed to transfer the energy from a medium (usually water) to the air

Individual coils for heating and cooling6

COMPONENTS OF CHILLED BEAM (contd..)

TYPES OF CHILLED BEAMS

Active chilled beams

Passive chilled beams

Multi purpose chilled beams

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ACTIVE CHILLED BEAMSHave ductwork supplied to them

Through duct work specific amount of primary air is provided to the pressurized plenum within the device

The air is discharged through induction nozzles

Mix with entrained air, and ventilate the room

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Fig.1 Active chilled beam (Source: John Murphy -understanding Chilled Beam Systems,2012)

OPERATION OF ACTIVE CHILLED BEAM

Fresh air from the air handler via duct work is supplied into the pressure chamber

Pressure in the chamber causes the air to rush out through the nozzles at a high velocity into the mixing chamber

Due to nature of the nozzles, a low pressure system is created above the coil

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Inducing more air through the coil into the mixing chamber

Conditioned air from the space mixes with the fresh air

Supplied back into the room through linear slots located along the casing of the beam

The air gets supplied back to the space through the linear slots at a higher velocity and at its coldest state

OPERATION OF ACTIVE CHILLED BEAM (contd…)

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Fig .2. Gordon House renovated using chilled beam

(Source: claremoorearchitect.blogspot)

PASSIVE CHILLED BEAMS

Chilled beams work using natural convection

Good air circulation is essential for the operation of passive chilled beams

Good solution to provide sensible cooling in labs or other spaces where processes generate high heat

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Fig.3 Passive chilled beam(Source: John Murphy -understanding Chilled Beam Systems,2012)

OPERATION OF PASSIVE CHILLED BEAM

Arranged at regular intervals along the ceiling plane to provide uniform cooling to the occupied space below

Consists of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger, contained in a housing , that is suspended from the ceiling

Chilled water passes through the tubes

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Warm air from the space rises toward the ceiling

The air surrounding the chilled beam is cooled

It descend back toward the floor

This allows a passive chilled beam to provide space cooling without the use of a fan

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OPERATION OF PASSIVE CHILLED BEAM (contd…)

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Fig .4  Peabody Hall renovated with passive chilled beam(Source: Chilled beams maintain comfort, look of historic hall-

SEMCO)

MULTI-SERVICE CHILLED BEAMS

Comes in both passive and active types

Incorporate other building systems into the beam in a prefabricated unit

This prefabricated unit can be brought to the project site

Reduces the amount of time required to install all the building systems

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MULTI-SERVICE CHILLED BEAMS (Contd…)Light fixtures and controls, speakers, occupancy sensors,

smoke detectors, and even fire sprinklers can be incorporated into the beam

The site delivery can be regulated to site requirements

Reduces the total amount of space required for onsite storage

Enables rapid installation and services connections with a major saving in onsite time

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Fig.5 Multiservice chilled beam(Source: An Introduction to Chilled Beams and Ceilings,2012)

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Fig.6. Multiservice chilled beam(Source: An Introduction to Chilled Beams and Ceilings,2012)

ADVANTAGES OF CHILLED BEAMQuieter than air based HVAC systems due to the lack of

moving parts and slower air velocities

Maintenance is also reduced due to the lack of moving parts

High indoor air quality resulting from air recirculated within the zone versus mixed air from other zones

Lower energy consumption22

Space savings resulting from reduced ductwork size

This air conditioning unit provides excellent thermal comfort with good energy efficiency

Lower operation costs throughout the lifecycle of the building

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ADVANTAGES OF CHILLED BEAM (Contd…)

DISADVANTAGES OF CHILLED BEAM Initial cost of chilled beams is typically higher than when compared to other all air systems

Chilled beams require more ceiling area than diffusers of a conventional system

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CASE STUDY 1

RENOVATION OF AN INDUCTION SYSTEM WITH ACTIVE CHILLED BEAMS

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CASE STUDY 1(contd…) 250 S. Wacker in Chicago is a multi-tenant 15 story

office tower

The first and top floors had dedicated HVAC systems separate from the system serving the 2nd through 14th floors

These intermediate floors had a floor-mounted induction perimeter system and a constant volume-variable temperature interior system

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CASE STUDY 1(contd…)The existing induction units and enclosures would have

to be replaced as they were at the end of their useful life

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Fig.7. 250 S. Wacker chicago (Source: Renovation of an induction system with active chilled beams,

air/pro associates)

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COMPARISON

Perimeter System Existing Induction Active Chilled Beam

Design Cooling Load262 tons

(382 sq. ft./ton)

156 tons

(641 sq. ft./ton)

Primary Airflow 

from Central AHUs

47,135 CFM

(0.47 CFM/sq. ft.)

31,760 CFM

(0.32 CFM/sq. ft.)

Fan Energy at

100% of Design64 kW 22 kW

Pump Energy 28 kW 12 kW

Table 1. Comparison before and after renovation

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CASE STUDY 2

UC DAVIS SEGUNDO STUDENT SERVICES CENTER

CASE STUDY 2(contd…)It is a new 34,500 square foot community center/

administrative center

Located within the Segundo Precinct of the University of California – Davis campus

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CASE STUDY 2(contd…)ENERGY EFFICIENCY

The project was able to achieve 42.3% energy savings

Heat recovery and direct evaporative cooling systems on the main air handling unit

Chilled beam-VAV system: AHU was used to provide primary air to the chilled beams for the perimeter spaces

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CASE STUDY 2(contd…)ENERGY EFFICIENCY (contd…)

Demand control ventilation strategy which was possible by having a VAV box upstream of the chilled beams

High performance glazing systems with integrated shading systems

Thermally broken insulating wall system32

CASE STUDY 2(contd…) INDOOR AIR QUALITY

The chilled beam system operates close to the outdoor air requirements for occupancy

This allowed the design to be based on 100% outside air

The internal spaces had their cooling airflows close to the outdoor air requirement which allowed them to be fed from the same unit

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CASE STUDY 2(contd…)

COST EFFECTIVENESS

The energy efficiency measures and innovative systems selected proved to be very cost effective

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

The Segundo Service Center was able to reduce invasive piping and energy consumption 

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CASE STUDY 2(contd…)

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT (contd..)

The building was able to achieve an annual CO2 reduction of 241.8 metric tons

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Fig.8. Uc davis segundo student services centre(Source: Case study on uc davis segundo student services center, guttmann

and blaevoet)

CONCLUSION

Chilled beams remove large amounts of sensible heat

Active chilled beam reduces primary air flow requirement

The lifecycle cost of chilled beam system is lower than in other cooling systems

The energy consumption of beam system is low

The chilled beam system reduces carbon dioxide emission to a greater extent 37

REFERENCESChilled Beam System Market by Design (Active, Passive, &

Multi-Service) worth $406.8 Million by 2020, digital journal, June 2015.

Dan int-hout and W.Lilli , Chilled Beams Selection, ASHRAE Journal, November 2014, Vol. 56 Issue 11, page58.

Chilled Beams Performance Research- Ceiling the Deal, CIBSE Journal, November 2013, page 21.

CBCA article on An Introduction to Chilled Beams and Ceilings, RAC Journal February2013, page 16.

Chilled beam study claims potential for 20% energy savings over fan coils - RAC Journal, Augest2013

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THANK YOU