child sensitive social protection

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Child Sensitive Social Protection Child Participation and Gender Learning Event 3-5 November 2015 Entebbe, Uganda By Robert Mwanyumba

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Child Sensitive Social Protection

Child Participation and Gender Learning Event

3-5 November 2015

Entebbe, Uganda

By Robert Mwanyumba

Overview

Context for engagement

What is SP

Why CSSP

Context

836 Million people living in Extreme Poverty

Most of these in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia

Population Reference Bureau (2013) 43% of Africa’s population is below 15 years old

Children often bear the brunt of poverty

World Bank analysis shows that over the past 10 years, 120 cash transfer programs have been rolled out in Africa.

In 2010 only 21 countries had a safety net, but in 2013 the number shot up to 37

Social Protection by Definition African Union definition:

“…includes social security measures furthering income security, and also the pursuit of an integrated policy approach that has a strong development focus, such as in job creation, equitable and accessible health and other services, social welfare, quality education and so on.”

The ILO defines Social Protection Floors as:

“…nationally defined sets of basic social security guarantees which secure protection aimed at preventing or alleviating poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion.”

SADC Code on Social Security:

“Social Protection is broader than social security. It encompasses social security and social services, as well as developmental social welfare. Social protection thus refers to public and private, or to mixed public and private measures designed to protect individuals against life-cycle crises that curtail their capacity to meet their needs.”

Social Protection

African Platform for Social Protection

“Social Protection is a set of policies and programmes designed and

implemented by the state and other stakeholders to reduce poverty

and vulnerability by cushioning people’s exposure to risk, and

enhancing their capacity to protect themselves against shocks and

interruption or loss of income and promoting their ability to come

out of poverty.

Each definition looks at safeguarding the individual from shocks

and stresses which have the potential to interrupt income, or

safeguard those that lack the ability to provide for themselves

for one reason or another. It is important to note that Social

Protection does not operate in a vacuum and interventions are

meant to be complimented by other socio-economic interventions.

Interactive Dimensions of Social Protection

Protect

• poor and marginalised households from shocks, thereby contributing to relief from poverty and deprivations

Prevent

• deprivations or worsening of deprivations and support shock management

Promote

• economic opportunities and human capital development

Transform

• power imbalances in society that create, and sustain vulnerabilities

Examples of social protection instruments to address the

needs and vulnerabilities of people across the life cycle

Lifecycle Stage Social Protection

Instrument

Envisaged Outcome

Pregnancy, Early Childhood Maternity grants, child grants Reduce infant mortality,

Reduce mortality of mothers

during child birth,

School Age Child grants, education

stipends, family allowances,

school feeding programmes

Increased access to education

services, improved learning

outcomes, reduced dropout

rates, improved nutritional

outcomes,

Youth Education/training stipends,

employment guarantee

schemes/public works

Improved access to

productive livelihoods

Working Age Employment guarantee

schemes/public works, family

allowances, health insurance

Risk mitigation outcomes,

improved access to

productive assets, livelihood

regularisation

Old Age Pensions, Health Insurance Coping mechanism, livelihood

guarantee

Correlation between SP and SDGs

Poverty - SDG 1 – No Poverty

Hunger – SDG 2 – Zero Hunger

Health & Nutrition - SDG 3 - Good health & wellbeing

Education – SDG 4 – Quality Education

Promote equality & inclusiveness – SDG 5 & 8 – Gender Equality and Decent Work & Economic Growth

Intended Impact Unintended consequences

India

(Andhra

Pradesh

Employment

guarantee

scheme)

•Positive effects on the long-term

nutrition of younger children

•Reduce the likelihood of paid work for

boys by 13%, girls by 8%

•Households register many more job

cards than work the full number of days

•Anecdotal evidence of increased

demand for children’s unpaid work

•Older children spend more time

caring for younger children

Ethiopia

[productive

Safety Nets

(PSNP)]

•Increase in quantity and quality of food

•Increased number of grades completed

by boys

•Younger boys and girls in PSNP had to

do less domestic and farm work and

spent more time in school

•No childcare provision meant that

some children work in place of their

mothers

•Household participation in public

works increased the domestic work of

younger girls, and decreased their

school attendance

Peru (Juntos) •Depth of income poverty reduced and

food consumption increased

•More children attending school

•Medical attention for small children

sought more frequently

•Increased demand for schools not

matched by supply

•Juntos improves women’s bargaining

power-viewed as a programme for

women rather than children

•Social stigma associated with

beneficiaries

Child Sensitive Social Protection

(CSSP)

CSSP is defined as:

Policies, programmes and systems that address the specific

patterns of children’s poverty and vulnerability and recognize the

long-term developmental benefits of investing in children.

In particular, CSSP:

takes into account the voices, and views of children and their

caregivers;

seeks to maximize meaningful and positive impacts on

children while minimizing or avoiding any adverse impacts on

them; and

explicitly analyse and monitor social protection

interventions’ impacts on children in each context by age,

gender and different types of vulnerability.

Child Sensitive Social Protection

encompasses:

Enshrined in the UN CRC Articles 26-27 children have the

right to social security and an adequate standard of living

child-focused and/or family-based programmes that

directly address children’s needs and rights and improve child

development,

ensuring that all social protection is child-sensitive, by

maximising impacts for children and minimising harms on

children, girls and boys alike.

Conclusion

Children depend on adults for the fulfilment and

realisation of their rights (informs design of SP prog.)

Children are vulnerable to multiple dimensions of

poverty and deprivation and these have long lasting

detrimental effects on their physical, emotional and

cognitive development.

CSSP can address the holistic development of a child

CSSP has sustained impacts for children, households &

society

Break the poverty cycle

Minimise unintended impacts of SP programme

Thank you