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Child Rearing Capacity of A Single Parent : An Asessment

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Page 1: Child Rearing Support

Child Rearing Capacity of A Single Parent : An Asessment

Page 2: Child Rearing Support

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

This thesis study entitled Child Rearing Capacity of A Single Parent :

assessment, will tackle different facts that made it difficulties of being a single

parent. It will discuss the mere fact about parenthood and the importance, Single

Parents, mothers or fathers who raise their children without the presence of a

spouse.

Family, basic social group united through bonds of kinship or marriage,

present in all societies. Ideally, the family provides its members with protection,

companionship, security, and socialization. The structure of the family, and the

needs that the family fulfills vary from society to society. The nuclear family—two

adults and their children—is the main unit in some societies. In others, it is a

subordinate part of an extended family, which also consists of grandparents and

other relatives. A third family unit is the single-parent family, in which children

live with an unmarried, divorced, or widowed mother or father.

In the United States, for instance, typical family structures have changed

significantly, leading to an increase in single-parent families, which tend to be

poorer. Single-parent families with children have a much more difficult time

escaping poverty than do two-parent families, in which adults can divide and

share childcare and work duties. In 1970 about 87 percent of children lived with

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both of their parents, but by the turn of the century this figure had dropped to 69

percent.

The divorce rate in the United States more than doubled between 1960 and

1980, although it stabilized in the 1980s and fell somewhat in the 1990s. More

importantly, perhaps, the proportion of children born to unmarried parents grew

from about 5 percent in the early 1960s to more than 33 percent by 2000.

Along this line of thought, this study is conducted to determine Child

Rearing Capacity of A Single Parent .

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Statement of the problem

Major Problem

The study focuses on the Child Rearing Capacity of A Single Parent .

Minor Problem

To know the students reaction to the following questions:

Effects of being a single parent

Is it hard to be a single parent?

Have you ever experienced to give-up because of being a single parent?

Have you ever ask a favor to your ex wife/husband to provide your child?

Do you think that single parenthood affects your relationship with your child?

Do you think that single parenthood is acceptable in the society?

Do you take counseling to help you to raise your child right?

Do you expect that you will be rewarded because of your love to your child?

Have you encountered a financial problem?

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Hypothesis

With adequate information supplementary to previous awareness

concerning the topic, it is hypothesized that the controlling purpose of this study

- to prove that the there are Child Rearing Capacity of A Single Parent .

The researcher assumes that the questions formulated will be answered in

the latter part of the research paper. As the paper progress, answers will be

acquired.

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Significance of the study

The findings of this study shall reveal aspects of the Child Rearing

Capacity of A Single Parent , its history or background, the good effects and the

bad ones are also written here.

We can benefit from this study for it would bring us additional knowledge

about what is the importance to know about being a single parent.

The study is very significance according to the writers of the books that I

have read about the importance of Child Rearing Capacity of A Single Parent

and the website that are connected to this topic, I have visited about them.

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Scope and limitation

This study was limited on Child Rearing Capacity of A Single Parent in terms of:

a. Effects of being a single parent, b. Is it hard to be a single parent?,

c. Have you ever experienced to give-up because of being a single parent?, d.

Have you ever ask a favor to your ex wife/husband to provide your child?, e. Do

you think that single parenthood affects your relationship with your child?, f. Do

you think that single parenthood is acceptable in the society?, g. Do you take

counseling to help you to raise your child right?, h. Do you expect that you will be

rewarded because of your love to your child? i. Have you encountered a financial

problem?.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The researcher made use of the existing documents, publications, records

and studies which have bearings on the instructional problems met by teachers

in the various subject are of the elementary curriculum. The researcher can only

select a few which are directly relevant to this study.

Related literature

Anthropologists and social scientists have developed several theories

about how family structures and functions evolved. In prehistoric hunting and

gathering societies, two or three nuclear families, usually linked through bonds of

kinship, banded together for part of the year but dispersed into separate nuclear

units in those seasons when food was scarce. The family was an economic unit;

men hunted, while women gathered and prepared food and tended children.

Infanticide and expulsion of the infirm who could not work were common. Some

anthropologists contend that prehistoric people were monogamous, because

monogamy prevails in nonindustrial, tribal forms of contemporary society.

Social scientists believe that the modern Western family developed largely

from that of the ancient Hebrews, whose families were patriarchal in structure.

The family resulting from the Greco-Roman culture was also patriarchal and

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bound by strict religious precepts. In later centuries, as the Greek and then the

Roman civilizations declined, so did their well-ordered family life.

With the advent of Christianity, marriage and childbearing became central

concerns in religious teaching. The purely religious nature of family ties was

partly abandoned in favor of civil bonds after the Reformation, which began in the

1500s. Most Western nations now recognize the family relationship as primarily a

civil matter.

Historical studies have shown that family structure has been less changed

by urbanization and industrialization than was once supposed. The nuclear family

was the most prevalent preindustrial unit and is still the basic unit of social

organization. The modern family differs from earlier traditional forms, however, in

its functions, composition, and life cycle and in the roles of husbands and wives.

The only function of the family that continues to survive all change is the

provision of affection and emotional support by and to all its members,

particularly infants and young children. Specialized institutions now perform

many of the other functions that were once performed by the agrarian family:

economic production, education, religion, and recreation. Jobs are usually

separate from the family group; family members often work in different

occupations and in locations away from the home. Education is provided by the

state or by private groups. Religious training and recreational activities are

available outside the home, although both still have a place in family life. The

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family is still responsible for the socialization of children. Even in this capacity,

however, the influence of peers and of the mass media has assumed a larger role.

Family composition in industrial societies has changed dramatically. The

average number of children born to a woman in the United States, for example,

fell from 7.0 in 1800 to 2.0 by the early 1990s. Consequently, the number of years

separating the births of the youngest and oldest children has declined. This has

occurred in conjunction with increased longevity. In earlier times, marriage

normally dissolved through the death of a spouse before the youngest child left

home. Today husbands and wives potentially have about as many years together

after the children leave home as before.

Some of these developments are related to ongoing changes in women’s

roles. Women in all stages of family life have joined the labor force. Rising

expectations of personal gratification through marriage and family, together with

eased legal grounds for divorce and increasing employment opportunities for

women, have contributed to a rise in the divorce rate in the United States and

elsewhere. In 1986, for instance, there was approximately one divorce for every

two marriages in the United States.

During the 20th century, extended family households declined in

prevalence. This change is associated particularly with increased residential

mobility and with diminished financial responsibility of children for aging parents,

as pensions from jobs and government-sponsored benefits for retired people

became more common.

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By the 1970s, the prototypical nuclear family had yielded somewhat to

modified structures including the one-parent family, the stepfamily, and the

childless family. One-parent families in the past were usually the result of the

death of a spouse. Now, however, most one-parent families are the result of

divorce, although some are created when unmarried mothers bear children. In

1991 more than one out of four children lived with only one parent, usually the

mother. Most one-parent families, however, eventually became two-parent

families through remarriage.

A stepfamily is created by a new marriage of a single parent. It may consist

of a parent and children and a childless spouse, a parent and children and a

spouse whose children live elsewhere, or two joined one-parent families. In a

stepfamily, problems in relations between nonbiological parents and children

may generate tension; the difficulties can be especially great in the marriage of

single parents when the children of both parents live with them as siblings.

Childless families may be increasingly the result of deliberate choice and

the availability of birth control. For many years the proportion of couples who

were childless declined steadily as venereal and other diseases that cause

infertility were conquered. In the 1970s, however, the changes in the status of

women reversed this trend. Couples often elect to have no children or to

postpone having them until their careers are well established.

Since the 1960s, several variations on the family unit have emerged. More

unmarried couples are living together, before or instead of marrying. Some

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elderly couples, most often widowed, are finding it more economically practical to

cohabit without marrying. Homosexual couples also live together as a family

more openly today, sometimes sharing their households with the children of one

partner or with adopted or foster children. Communal families, made up of groups

of related or unrelated people, have long existed in isolated instances. Such units

began to occur in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s as an alternative

life-style, but by the 1980s the number of communal families was diminishing.

The Filipino concept

of independence

The Filipino child from birth constantly receives attention and help not only

from parents, but from two sets of relatives, from his father’s and mother’s sides.

The whole neighborhood also contributes to the attention. This large kinship has

conditioned the child to leisurely grow up. Often, the child would seek help and

care in activities he could already carry out himself.

This was the prevalent development pattern of child–adult relationships in

the Philippines between the fifties to the sixties. It was even mislabeled as

“closeness, cooperation, respect and duty” for adults. Guthrie and Jacobs

observed, “The Philippines’ ideal is not self-sufficiency and independence, but

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rather family sufficiency and a refined sense of reciprocity.” This eventually leads

to nepotism in business, padrino system and political dynasties.

The Filipino child is not encouraged right away to become independent

until he reaches school age. When the public school system was established by

the Americans for Filipinos, seven years old was considered the school age when

the child officially entered Grade 1. The 1935 Philippine Constitution reconfirmed

this. From the sixties up to the present, private kindergarten schools for the four-

to five-year-old became popular. Towards the seventies, mothers in provincial

towns who used to be fulltime housewives went to work or became overseas

workers. Public school principals were pressured to set up, even unofficially,

preschool classes (During DECS Secretary Armand Fabella’s term, these

preschool began to be officially recognized after the EDCOM national survey of

schools). It was only last year when preschooling became part of the Philippine

educational ladder. In spite of a strong national clamor, it took Congress two and

a half decade to legislate the Early Childhood Education (ECE) Act.

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Related studies

All industrial nations are experiencing family trends similar to those found

in the United States. The problem of unwed mothers—especially very young ones

and those who are unable to support themselves—and their children is an

international one, although improved methods of birth control and legalized

abortion have slowed the trend somewhat. Divorce is increasing even where

religious and legal impediments to it are strongest. Smaller families and a

lengthened postparental stage are found in industrial societies.

Unchecked population growth in developing nations threatens the family

system. The number of surviving children in a family has rapidly increased as

infectious diseases, famine, and other causes of child mortality have been

reduced. Because families often cannot support so many children, the reduction

in infant mortality has posed a challenge to the nuclear family and to the

resources of developing nations.

Parent and Child, branch of the law of domestic relations that determines

the legal rights and obligations of fathers or mothers to their children and of

children to their parents. The legal relationship is distinguished from the natural

relationship; for example, two persons may have a legal relationship of parent

and child although there is no natural relationship, as in the case of an adopted

child.

In common law in the United Kingdom and the United States, parents were

the legal as well as natural guardians of their child. They had the right to name

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the child and were entitled to custody. As custodians, they could reasonably

chastise the child, but for excessive punishment the parents were criminally

liable for assault, or for homicide in case of death. The father was deemed

entitled to custody of the child in preference to the mother. A parent was not

liable for a tort (wrongful act) of the child unless its commission was incited or

authorized by the parent. A parent could recover damages for torts committed

against the child. In common law, the parent was not civilly liable to maintain the

child, but was criminally responsible in cases of neglect, as when failure to

provide food or clothing caused injury or death.

The legal relationships of parent and child established under common law

have been modified by statute in Britain and the U.S. In general, such statutes

provide that a married woman is a joint guardian of her children with her

husband, with equal powers, rights, and duties. Either parent has the right to

custody of the children of the marriage, and in a divorce or separation the court

can award custody to the parent best qualified and able to care for the children.

Parents must provide for their children such necessities of life as food, clothing,

shelter, education, and medical care; if they cannot or will not, state laws

authorize intervention by designated authorities to ensure that children's needs

are met.

Children who are physically or emotionally abused by their parents may be

the subject of legal action in order to protect the children. Parents' rights to

custody of their children may be limited or, in extreme cases, terminated because

of failure to provide adequate care. Laws require a father to support his minor

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children if he is able to do so, whether or not he has ever been married to their

mother. Failure to provide support may result in civil or criminal proceedings

against him. If paternity has been admitted or established, laws permit children to

inherit from their father's estate unless specifically excluded in his will.

Most single-parent households are run by mothers, and the absence of a

father -- coupled with lower household income -- can increase the risk of children

performing poorly in school. The lack of financial support from a father often

results in single mothers working more, which can in turn affect children because

they receive less attention and guidance with their homework. Researcher

Virginia Knox concluded from data from the National Longitudinal Survey of

Youth, that for every $100 of child support mothers receive, their children's

standardized test scores increase by 1/8 to 7/10 of a point. In addition, Knox

found that children with single mothers who have contact and emotional support

from their fathers tend to do better in school than children who have no contact

with their fathers.

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Research paradigm

The conceptual framework illustrates the concept used by the researcher in

relation to the study.

INPUT

Child Rearing Capacity of A Single Parent

PROCESS

to know the capacity of a single parent upon child rearing, the researcher used:

a. Questionnaire

b. Observation

c. Researching thru internet and textbooks inthe library

OUTPUT

Single parent capacity in child rearing is limited, although others was given help

from the government by single parent law and child support from the other half.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

Qualification. Any quality, skills, knowledge, experience

Instructional. The act of instructing, knowledge, information given or taught. A

command or order.

Motivation. Provide with or affect as, a motive, innate or impel.

Character. The pattern of behavior or personality found in an individual or

group.

Behavior. The way a person behaves or acts; conduct; manners.

Strategy. Skill in managing o planning especially by using stratagems or artful

means to some ends.

Educational. Relating to education, giving information; educating.

Performance. The act of performing, execution, accomplishment and fulfillment.

Methods. A way of doing anything, modes, procedure, process especially a

regular, orderly, definite procedure or way of teaching and investigating.

Principles. The ultimate source, origin, or cause something.

School. A place or institution for teaching and learning, establishment for

education. Any situations, set of circumstances, of experience through which

gains knowledge, training or discipline.

Technique. Any method or manner to accomplish something.

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Competence. Condition or quality of being competent; ability; fitness

specifically, legal capability.

Parent. mother or father: somebody's mother, father, or legal guardian.

Family. a group of people who are closely related by birth, marriage, or adoption

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research design

The descriptive normative survey method of research was used because it

is fact finding with adequate interpretations involving descriptions and recording.

Furthermore the purpose of this kind of research is t report the present status of

the child rearing capacity of a single parent.

Locale and population of the study

52 community people respondents were the respondents of the study.

They answer the questionnaire that was made by the researcher.

Description of the respondents

The respondents of the study were 52 community people respondents that

were aware about the topic of the research, child rearing capacity of a single

parent.

Statistical treatment used

PERCENTAGE - this was used to find out part of relation of the score of

one respondents to the whole group.

RANKING - This showed how the scores of a respondents to the group

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MEAN - this was used to get a representative score of the group.

FREQUENCY - this is used to determined the number of responses as

perceived by the respondents or the different categories included in the study.

Instrumentations used

For gathering the data for the research study, a questionnaire was used

because it is widely accepted and the most practical way of eliciting information.

The researchers also conducted interviews and observation as well as know

Child Rearing Capacity of A Single Parent .

INTERVIEW - This was used to be able to get some information which

cannot be gathered through the questionnaire.

OBSERVATION - This was used to be able to get some information on the

actual practices of the respondents.

DOCUMENTARY ANALYSIS - This was used by means of references,

magazines, Internet, and other studies made by the researcher.

STATISTICS

ANSWERS / TOTAL NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS * 100%

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CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the data

gathered from the respondents through the used of different tools the

questionnaire which revealed Child Rearing Capacity of A Single Parent . The

data pertinent to each given problem are herein presented and organized

according to the order of the problems in Chapter I.

TABLE I

EFFECTS OF BEING A SINGLE PARENT

DOES BEING A SINGLE PARENT COULD AFFECT YOUR OTHER

INTERRELATIONSHIP WITH OTHERS?

CATEGORIES ANSWERS %

YES 5 9.61

NO 20 38.46

MAYBE 27 51.92

TOTAL 52 100%

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this table shows that parents interrelationship with others does not affect at all

for the 20 respondents with 38.46 percent on their being a single parent, while

51.92 percent does not think either way if their case affects their

interralationships, while 9.61 percent grees that it does affect them.

TABLE II

IS IT HARD TO BE A SINGLE PARENT?

CATEGORIES ANSWERS %

YES 46 88.46

NO 2 3.84

MAYBE 4 7.69

TOTAL 52 100%

being a single parent is not as easy as it sounds, and so does 46 respondents

with 88.46 percent agreed that it is hard to be a single parent while 2 respondents

does not agree because they are being helped by their parents while 4 out of 52

respondents answered maybe or sometimes it is hard and sometimes its not with

7.69 percent.

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TABLE III

Have you ever experienced to give-up because of being a single parent?

CATEGORIES ANSWERS %

YES 46 88.46

NO 2 3.84

MAYBE 4 7.69

TOTAL 52 100%

TABLE IV

Have you ever ask a favor to your ex wife/husband to provide your child?

CATEGORIES ANSWERS %

YES 52 100

NO 0 0.00

MAYBE 0 0.00

TOTAL 52 100%

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TABLE V

Do you think that single parenthood affects your relationship with your child?

CATEGORIES ANSWERS %

YES 38 73.07

NO 12 23.07

MAYBE 2 3.84

TOTAL 52 100%

TABLE VI

Do you think that single parenthood is acceptable in the society?

CATEGORIES ANSWERS %

YES 28 53.84

NO 20 38.46

MAYBE 4 7.69

TOTAL 52 100%

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TABLE VII

Do you take counseling to help you to raise your child right?

CATEGORIES ANSWERS %

YES 1 1.92

NO 51 98.07

MAYBE 0 0.00

TOTAL 52 100%

TABLE VIII

Do you expect that you will be rewarded because of your love to your child?

CATEGORIES ANSWERS %

YES 1 1.92

NO 51 98.07

MAYBE 0 0.00

TOTAL 52 100%

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TABLE IX

Have you encountered a financial problem?

CATEGORIES ANSWERS %

YES 38 73.07

NO 12 23.07

MAYBE 2 3.84

TOTAL 52 100%

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CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

Finances

If you are like many single parents, you work long hours to earn enough to pay

for all the expenses of running a home and raising children alone, child

development experts with the Kids Health advise. Even if you are lucky enough to

have some financial support from your children’s other parent, chances are you

feel like you are constantly juggling your financial obligations. You might even

have to deny your children some of the things they want or need, according to

the website of The Future of Children. You might work extra hours to pay for

tutoring for your daughter, but your son might not be able to take drum lessons

he always dreamed of because of your financial limitations.

Parenting Quality

Your parenting skills might suffer when the relentless duties of your everyday life

pile up. Long work hours might cause you to miss important school functions.

You might not be able to afford a babysitter to get out for a few hours of

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important down time. You might overreact when your kids leave their socks on

the living room floor. You might even confide in your children about personal,

financial or professional problems. However, they likely do not have the

emotional strength or maturity to deal with adult situations and might feel

obligated to somehow help you. Improve your relationship by making the most of

your quality time together and finding ways to incorporate special one-on-on time

with each of them.

Children

If you went through a divorce, you are not the only one recovering from the major

transition. Even though your children likely prefer a peaceful single parent home

to a miserable two-parent home, they might have adjustment problems to living in

a single parent home or feel ashamed of the divorce, state Kids Health

professionals. If your ex does not see your children as often as he did before,

they might struggle with abandonment or resentment. They might harbor

unrealistic fantasies about reconciliation or have bad memories of your breakup,

the American Academy of Pediatrics' HealthyChildren.org reports. Consider

counseling for yourself and your children if you notice that you or they are

suddenly having trouble sleeping, concentrating or experiencing problems at

school or work, HelpGuide.org advises.

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Self-Esteem

No matter how hard you try to build them up, your children might struggle with

some self-esteem issues growing up in a single parent home. They might have

reduced expectations for their own relationships later in life and crave affection,

especially if your busy work schedule makes it hard for you to shower your

children with love often enough. Your children might blame themselves for your

living situation. Even though you might not be able to stop them from making

comparisons, you can help build their self-esteem. Small things like posting a

good report card on the refrigerator or acknowledging when they remember to

take out the trash can help build their feelings of self-worth.

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Conclusions

That this study was conducted, to be able to understand the importance of

understanding the meaning and the effects of family, and especially to tackle and

understand the child rearing support of single parents.

It sought to define the meaning of being a single parent. It will open the eyes of

the readers about the situation of the single parents and what they encounter,

their strength and their weaknesses and how one can help them to provide for

their child or children.

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Recommendations

Based from the major findings and conclusions drawn the following

recommendations are written;

Students.  They will gain knowledge and understanding about single parenthood

and its effect to oneself.

Teachers.  They would be guided accordingly on how to teach their students

about the importance of family.

Parents. They would understand why should they educate their children about

family relationship.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Funk and Wagnalls, Company ; Funk and Wagnalls Encyclopedia ; 2004 edition ;

family

Student News Journal ; Senior edition ; 2002 edition.

Sonia Zaide ; Current Issues ; Filipino Families; 1995 edition

(http:// HYPERLINK "http://www.samgoldstein.com" www.samgoldstein.com ).

Lansdown, John : Family ; Encyclopedia Britannica 2000 edition