Chief Fire Officers AssociationWexford 2004

Con Murphy C.Eng. MIEIChief Fire OfficerSouth Tipperary

2

Conference AIM:To examine the current state of Fire Safety and Civil Protection and look to the future.

1. Civil Protection in Europe – Ernst Shulte

2. Business Continuity - not just for business Michael Gallagher

3. Crisis Communications Shelia Cauldfield

4. Emergency Management – a State of preparedness?

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Introduction

• Definition of terms• Hazard Analysis /Risk Assessment/Risk

Management• Objectives of Emergency Planning• Short International Tour• Issues in Ireland• Conclusions

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Definitions• Emergency

– Incident requiring attendance of emergency services• Major Emergency

– beyond the normal capacity of the Emerg. Services• plane crash

• Disaster– E. S. overcome – mainly deal with the aftermath

• tornado

• Catastrophe– E.S. response compromised

• 9/11

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Definitions

HAZARDPotential for harm to Man or Environment

• Measured in terms of:speed frequency duration predictability

magnitude (energy) extentseverity manageability

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Definitions

VULNERABILITY Ability to resist and recover

• Measured in terms of susceptibility of individuals, groups or communities– age; isolation; ethnicity; illness;

mobility; co-workers; homelessness;history/geography; coincidence.

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DefinitionsCAPACITY –

Ability to respond, mitigate and alleviateMeasured in terms of:• Resources

– staff, equipment, finance, technology• Knowledge

– history, likely impact• Skills

– management, experience, training, planning• Values

– commitment, political, culture

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Definitions

RISK = Hazard x Vulnerability Capacity

• Emergency services largely restricted to improving CAPACITY to deal with RISK

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Risk Analysis United States

• Federal Emergency Management Agency– HISTORY

• past occurrences– VULNERABILITY

• population density,location, property, environment – MAXIMUM THREAT

• worst case scenario– PROBABILITY

• likelihood of occurrence

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Risk Analysis Tasmanian Emergency Man. Agency• S M U G

SERIOUSNESS– people, environmental, financialMANAGABILITY– capacity to cope, to mitigationURGENCY– immediate impactGROWTH– potential

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Risk Analysis - Matrixe.g R = H x V

• Vulnerability Score1 = unlikely to lead to injury2 = may lead to minor injury3 = likely to result in injury

req. first aid treatment4 = likely to result in

injury>> attendance at hospital

5 = likely to result in significant personal injury

• Hazard Score1 = most unlikely to

lead to accident2 = unlikely to lead

accident3 = may lead to

accident4 = likely to lead to

accident5 = highly likely to lead

to accident

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A C D E F

FEATURES HAZARD VULNERABILITY RISK # Vertical Ladder 10.5m Ladder 13.5m Ladder Objects falling from tower Persons falling from tower Wet Floors Poor, untidy housekeeping Gas ‘wall of flame’ Gas ‘wall of flame’ Stairs Crawl-ways Wood fires ‘Flash-over’demonstration Hose rolling Portable pump operating Main pump operating Drill yard traffic Cylinder refilling

Risk Analysis Matrix

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MatrixA C D E F

FEATURES HAZARD VULNERABILITY RISK #Vertical Ladder 2 4 8 1110.5m Ladder 2 3 6 1413.5m Ladder 2 4 8 11Objects falling from tower 3 4 12 4Persons falling from tower 3 3 9 8Wet Floors 5 4 20 1Poor, untidy housekeeping 4 3 12 4Gas ‘wall of flame’ 4 4 16 2Gas ‘wall of flame’ 3 3 9 8Stairs 4 4 16 2Crawl-ways 2 2 4 18Wood fires 2 3 6 14‘Flash-over’demonstration 3 3 9 8Hose rolling 4 2 8 11Portable pump operating 3 4 12 4Main pump operating 2 3 6 14Drill yard traffic 2 5 10 7Cylinder refilling 1 5 5 17

Total of scores = 172…Av =9.77

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Subjective >>> Objective Group Risk

FEATURES No 1 No 2 No 3 No 4 No 5 No 6 No 7 Total Rank Vertical Ladder 3 4 11 10 1 1 2 32 16 10.5m Ladder 8 13 14 5 1 8 2 51 7 13.5m Ladder 15 7 11 4 1 8 2 48 9 Objects falling from tower 12 3 4 5 8 8 2 42 15 Persons falling from tower 10 12 8 1 7 14 1 53 6 Wet Floors 4 5 1 13 16 1 3 43 14 Poor, untidy housekeeping 1 7 4 16 16 1 3 48 9 Gas ‘wall of flame’ 8 1 2 16 10 17 3 57 4 Gas ‘wall of flame’ 4 1 8 5 10 13 3 44 12 Stairs 4 7 2 5 4 7 2 31 17 Crawl-ways 2 13 18 16 17 15 3 47 11 Wood fires 9 7 14 10 10 1 3 54 5 ‘Flash-over’demonstration 12 5 8 5 8 8 3 49 8 Hose rolling 4 13 1 13 10 1 2 44 12 Portable pump operating 2 13 4 1 4 1 3 28 18 Main pump operating 3 17 14 3 10 17 3 67 2 Drill yard traffic 6 7 7 12 17 8 2 59 3 Cylinder refilling 3 17 17 13 10 15 3 78 1

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Societal Risk Analysis

e.g.CBRN - terroristNATURAL - extreme weatherTECHNOLOGICAL - power failureMAN-MADE - transportINDUSTRIAL - hazardous materials

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Societal Choices

• ACCEPT & RETAIN– fire-deaths in the home

• CONTROL & MANAGE – road safety

• TRANSFER– waste disposal, Y2K

• ABORT – nuclear power

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Emergency Planning - a Dynamic Process

Assess Vulnerability

Plan for Emergencies

Train & Educate

Prevent & Mitigate

Consult widely,involve stakeholders,seek best practice,Local/Regional/National

Monitor & Evaluate

Develop POLICY

Build capacity,reduce unknowns,

eliminate duplicationTeach & Test,

develop skills/expertiseAdvise Public

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Definitions

RISK = Hazard x Vulnerability Capacity

• Emergency services largely restricted to improving CAPACITY to deal with RISK

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Objective = Improve CAPACITY

• Gather & store information and data• Develop public warning systems• Arrange media management• Plan for evacuation and welfare• Plan for community resilience• Plan for community recovery

(physical/sociological/ psychological)

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Objective = Improve CAPACITY

• Business / organisational recovery• Identify needs & shortcomings• Assess resources, evaluate adequacy• Optimise resources, eliminate duplication• Be cost effective• Maximise / acquire technology• Develop personal skills and expertise

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Objective = Improve CAPACITY

• Optimise use of skills and expertise• Develop training, commitment• Build partnerships • Develop Management capability• Appreciate historical lessons• Gain political support

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Ultimate Objective

A viable system that can maintain its integrity

in a variable environment

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Arrangements in other countries

• England & Wales• Norway• Portugal• Belgium• Sweden• FEU (Federation of European Fire Officers’ Associations)

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MatrixA C D E F

FEATURES HAZARD VULNERABILITY RISK #Vertical Ladder 2 4 8 1110.5m Ladder 2 3 6 1413.5m Ladder 2 4 8 11Objects falling from tower 3 4 12 4Persons falling from tower 3 3 9 8Wet Floors 5 4 20 1Poor, untidy housekeeping 4 3 12 4Gas ‘wall of flame’ 4 4 16 2Gas ‘wall of flame’ 3 3 9 8Stairs 4 4 16 2Crawl-ways 2 2 4 18Wood fires 2 3 6 14‘Flash-over’demonstration 3 3 9 8Hose rolling 4 2 8 11Portable pump operating 3 4 12 4Main pump operating 2 3 6 14Drill yard traffic 2 5 10 7Cylinder refilling 1 5 5 17

Total of scores = 172…Av =9.77

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Subjective >>> Objective Group Risk

FEATURES No 1 No 2 No 3 No 4 No 5 No 6 No 7 Total Rank Vertical Ladder 3 4 11 10 1 1 2 32 16 10.5m Ladder 8 13 14 5 1 8 2 51 7 13.5m Ladder 15 7 11 4 1 8 2 48 9 Objects falling from tower 12 3 4 5 8 8 2 42 15 Persons falling from tower 10 12 8 1 7 14 1 53 6 Wet Floors 4 5 1 13 16 1 3 43 14 Poor, untidy housekeeping 1 7 4 16 16 1 3 48 9 Gas ‘wall of flame’ 8 1 2 16 10 17 3 57 4 Gas ‘wall of flame’ 4 1 8 5 10 13 3 44 12 Stairs 4 7 2 5 4 7 2 31 17 Crawl-ways 2 13 18 16 17 15 3 47 11 Wood fires 9 7 14 10 10 1 3 54 5 ‘Flash-over’demonstration 12 5 8 5 8 8 3 49 8 Hose rolling 4 13 1 13 10 1 2 44 12 Portable pump operating 2 13 4 1 4 1 3 28 18 Main pump operating 3 17 14 3 10 17 3 67 2 Drill yard traffic 6 7 7 12 17 8 2 59 3 Cylinder refilling 3 17 17 13 10 15 3 78 1

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Societal Risk Analysis

e.g.CBRN - terroristNATURAL - extreme weatherTECHNOLOGICAL - power failureMAN-MADE - transportINDUSTRIAL - hazardous materials

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Societal Choices

• ACCEPT & RETAIN– fire-deaths in the home

• CONTROL & MANAGE – road safety

• TRANSFER– waste disposal, Y2K

• ABORT – nuclear power

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Emergency Planning - a Dynamic Process

Assess Vulnerability

Plan for Emergencies

Train & Educate

Prevent & Mitigate

Consult widely,involve stakeholders,seek best practice,Local/Regional/National

Monitor & Evaluate

Develop POLICY

Build capacity,reduce unknowns,

eliminate duplicationTeach & Test,

develop skills/expertiseAdvise Public

29

Definitions

RISK = Hazard x Vulnerability Capacity

• Emergency services largely restricted to improving CAPACITY to deal with RISK

30

Objective = Improve CAPACITY

• Gather & store information and data• Develop public warning systems• Arrange media management• Plan for evacuation and welfare• Plan for community resilience• Plan for community recovery

(physical/sociological/ psychological)

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Objective = Improve CAPACITY

• Business / organisational recovery• Identify needs & shortcomings• Assess resources, evaluate adequacy• Optimise resources, eliminate duplication• Be cost effective• Maximise / acquire technology• Develop personal skills and expertise

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Objective = Improve CAPACITY

• Optimise use of skills and expertise• Develop training, commitment• Build partnerships • Develop Management capability• Appreciate historical lessons• Gain political support

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Ultimate Objective

A viable system that can maintain its integrity

in a variable environment

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Arrangements in other countries

• England & Wales• Norway• Portugal• Belgium• Sweden• FEU (Federation of European Fire Officers’ Associations)

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Cabinet Office Briefing Room A (COBRA)

Civil ContingenciesSecretariat Lead Depts Home Office D of Health

National

Regional

Local

Regional Resilience Teams

Gov. Office of the Regions

Regional EPUs

Utilities

H.S.E.

Env. Agency StrategicHealth A.s

PrimaryCare

Acute H.TrustsFire Police Amb.

Local Resilience Fora

Local Councils

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Disaster relief in NorwayMinistry of Justice/PoliceOther Ministries

Dir. for CD and EPOther Dir.s Rescue Co-ord. Ctrs(2)Police, air force, air control, Navy,

Communications, Health As, NGOs

Central

Reg.

Local

County Governor CD Training

Municipalities

On Scene Command

Rescue Sub-centrepolice, fire, Army, Health, NGOs, etc.

Mobile aid columns

policy planning Comms, cooperation request assistance

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Disaster Relief in Portugal

Prime Minister

Ministry of Interior

Nat. EmergencyOps centre

Min. of Defence Other Ministries

National Civil Protection Service

Governor &Reg. Ops Ctrs

Mayor &Local Ops Ctr

Armed Forces

Security

MedicalFire

NGOs

Other Pub. Services

Emergency Plans

RequestAssistance

Planning

Op. Co-ord.

GrantAssistance

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Belgium – information flow

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Disaster Management - Sweden

Swedish Emergency Management Agency3 Basic Principles:1. Those that normally carry a responsibility will keep it during emergencies, crises and in war times. 2. Preparedness must be based on the power and responsibilities of Local Government and Authorities.3. Coordination of all resources ; public services & organisations; important private enterprises & utilities.

’CeSam-C’ = Regional Strategic Coordination Centre

Each Municipal Authority has a Crises Management Board

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FEU … European thinkingCommand & Control

1.Political Component

2.Strategic Component

5.Units

3.Command & Control

4.Co-ordination of units

Off-site

5.Units5.UnitsOn-site

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Political Component

1

Strategic Component

2

Operational Component

3

Co-Ordination Component

4

Command of Single Unit

5Fire Fighting County Council Chief Fire Officer Senior Fire Officer Station Officer Sub Officer

Forest Fire Fighting

County Council Chief Fire Officer Senior Fire Officer Station Officer Sub Officer

Technical Rescue County Council Chief Fire Officer Senior Fire Officer Station Officer Sub Officer

Hazardous Materials County Council Chief Fire Officer Senior Fire Officer Station Officer Sub Officer

Medical Rescue Health Board Gen. Manager Community Care

Chief Ambulance Officer

County Ambulance Officer

Not applicable

Inland Water Rescue

Director C.G. On-Scene-Commander Declared Resource Senior Officer of Declared Resource

Junior Officer of Declared resource

Mountain and Cave

Police Commissioner Chief Superintendent Superintendent Inspector Sergeant

Air Traffic Rescue

Director Av. Authority ? ? N/A N/A

Open Sea Rescue

Director C.G. On-Scene-Commander Declared Resource Senior Officer of Declared Resource

Junior Officer of Declared resource

Environmental Director On-Scene-Commander Declared Resource Senior Officer of Declared Resource

Junior Officer of Declared resource

Search for Missing

Police Commissioner Chief Superintendent Superintendent Inspector Sergeant

Radioactive County Council Chief Fire Officer Senior Fire Officer Station Officer Sub Officer

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Stakeholders - Govt. Level

• Dept. of Taoiseach• Dept. of Enterprise • Dept. Defence• Dept. Environment• Dept. Marine• Finance

• Dept. Health

• Dept. Justice

• Dept. Marine• Agriculture• Transport

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Stakeholders - Public Services

• Local Authority– Fire Service

• Gardai• Health Authority

– Ambulance Service– Hospitals

• Coast Guard

• Air Transport– Irish Aviation

Authority• Road Transport

– Bus Companies• Rail Transport• EPA, HSA, NRA

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Stakeholders - Voluntary Sector

• Civil Defence• Mountain Rescue• Cave Rescue• Life Boat• Red Cross• St. Johns Ambulance

• Water Rescue• Sub-aqua• Search & Rescue Dogs• Order of Malta• Other

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Stakeholders - Private Sector

• Seveso sites

• Pharma - Chem

• HazMat Industry

• Other Industry

• Transport

• Bus/Haulage

• IBEC, ISME

• Unions

• Insurance

• Financial Institutions

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IDC IDWG OEP Gov. Task Force

L. A.s

Garda

Ambulance

Regional groupsRegional groups

Others

Central

Regional

Local

Private Sector

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ISSUES

• Ultimate Responsibility• Local/Regional Responsibility & Powers• Development & USE of expertise• Facility to upscale (geographically)• Wide Area Emergency • Declaration of ‘A State of Emergency’• Resilience FA/FA, Other resources

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ISSUES

• Grading of Emergencies – Alert > blue > orange > red

• Use of technology– e.g. satellite phone

• Communications (CAMP)• Information Systems

– Use of websites• Media management

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ISSUES• Public Sector Business Continuity• Integrate Public and Private Sector• ‘Emergency Planning Society’

– Integrated Emergency PlanningSingle overall authority;Multi-dimensional;Awareness/Communication; Central Website;Public/Private/Partnership

• Identify STATIC and DYNAMIC elements

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Conclusions

• There are no simple solutions– but there are solutions

• Many possible appropriate models• What we have is not adequate

• “ We do not believe that the current regime would stand up favourably under the inevitable scrutiny and investigation which would follow a major fire or other major emergency …” FGS

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Conclusions

“…inevitable scrutiny and investigation”Who locally?

– Controller of Operations– Coordinating Group– ‘Management’

• Who else ?– Government

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Conclusions

A State of preparedness ?

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Recommendations

• Combine risksstakeholders issuesbest modern practicepolicy Safety Chain ……Farrell Grant Sparks