Chicago Sanitary and Ship Chicago Sanitary and Ship CanalCanal

Aquatic Nuisance Species Aquatic Nuisance Species Dispersal BarrierDispersal Barrier

Phil MoyPhil Moy

University of Wisconsin Sea University of Wisconsin Sea Grant InstituteGrant Institute

Dispersal Barrier ProjectDispersal Barrier Project

• Authorized by NISA (1996)Authorized by NISA (1996)• Create a barrier to prevent dispersal Create a barrier to prevent dispersal

of invasive species via theof invasive species via the Chicago Chicago Sanitary and Ship CanalSanitary and Ship Canal

• The Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal The Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal is a cross-drainage link between the is a cross-drainage link between the Great Lakes and Mississippi basinsGreat Lakes and Mississippi basins

• A two-way avenue for AIS dispersalA two-way avenue for AIS dispersal

Lake MichiganLake Michigan

Little Calumet Little Calumet RiverRiver

Grand Grand Calumet RiverCalumet River

Calumet Calumet RiverRiver

Chicago Waterways Chicago Waterways

Pla

ines

Pla

ines

Riv

erR

iver

DesDes

RiverRiverChicago Chicago

Illinois - Michigan Illinois - Michigan CanalCanal

No

rth

Sh

ore

N

ort

h S

ho

re

Ch

ann

elC

han

nel

IndianaIndianaIllinoisIllinois

Saganashkee Saganashkee SloughSlough

C o

n t

i n

e n

t a

l D

i v

i d e

C o

n t

i n

e n

t a

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Cal-Sag Cal-Sag ChannelChannel

Sanitary and Ship Sanitary and Ship CanalCanal

Stony Stony CreekCreek

LocksLocks

IAIA

ILIL

ININ

MOMO

Miss. R.Miss. R.

Illino

is

Illino

is

R.R.

Missouri

Missouri R.R.

L. L. MichiganMichigan

SPREAD OF INVASIVE SPECIES VIA SPREAD OF INVASIVE SPECIES VIA THE ILLINOIS WATERWAYTHE ILLINOIS WATERWAY

Ohio R.Ohio R.

WIWI

Chicago CanalsChicago Canals

• First identified as a potential escape First identified as a potential escape route from the Great Lakes for the route from the Great Lakes for the Eurasian ruffeEurasian ruffe

• Targeted round goby until 1999 Targeted round goby until 1999

• Now bighead & silver carpNow bighead & silver carp

CARP SUCK

Bighead & Silver CarpBighead & Silver Carp

• Large bodied (>100 lbs)Large bodied (>100 lbs)

• Planktivores – zooplankton, Planktivores – zooplankton, phytoplanktonphytoplankton

• Fecund, rapid development (10” in yr 1)Fecund, rapid development (10” in yr 1)

• Adapted to northern temperate zonesAdapted to northern temperate zones

• Can travel >50mi/yr (125 mi/month)Can travel >50mi/yr (125 mi/month)

• Tend to jump when startledTend to jump when startled

Barrier Constraints and ObstaclesBarrier Constraints and Obstacles

Constraints:Constraints:

• Commercial Commercial navigationnavigation

• Recreational Recreational navigationnavigation

• Storm water Storm water discharge discharge

• Sanitary Discharge: Sanitary Discharge: 1.3 Billion gal/day1.3 Billion gal/day

Obstacles:Obstacles:

• PermitsPermits

• SafetySafety

Lake MichiganLake Michigan

Little Calumet Little Calumet RiverRiver

Grand Grand Calumet RiverCalumet River

Calumet Calumet RiverRiver

Chicago Waterways Chicago Waterways

Pla

ines

Pla

ines

Riv

erR

iver

DesDes

RiverRiverChicago Chicago

Illinois - Michigan Illinois - Michigan CanalCanal

No

rth

Sh

ore

N

ort

h S

ho

re

Ch

ann

elC

han

nel

IndianaIndianaIllinoisIllinois

Cal-Sag Cal-Sag ChannelChannel

Sanitary and Ship Sanitary and Ship CanalCanal

Stony Stony CreekCreekBarrier

Reach

Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal near Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal near Romeoville, ILRomeoville, IL

P. Moy

Potential Barrier ApproachesPotential Barrier Approaches

PhysicalPhysical ChemicalChemical

WeirsWeirsScreensScreens

Low/No DOLow/No DONitrogenNitrogenOzoneOzoneToxicantsToxicants RotenoneRotenone AntimycinAntimycin TFMTFM ChloramineChloramine

ElectricalElectricalAcousticAcousticHydraulic Hydraulic BiologicalBiologicalThermalThermal

OtherOther

Bubble ScreensBubble ScreensLightsLights

VisualVisual **

**

Electric BarrierElectric Barrier

• Micro-Pulsed DC; Graded fieldMicro-Pulsed DC; Graded field

• Few permitting issuesFew permitting issues

• Available technology - used in irrigation Available technology - used in irrigation canals and for lamprey controlcanals and for lamprey control

• High chance of successHigh chance of success

• Electrodes on the bottom and recessed in Electrodes on the bottom and recessed in the walls to avoid damage by bargesthe walls to avoid damage by barges

• Electrodes railroad rails – 20yr life Electrodes railroad rails – 20yr life

• Back-up generatorBack-up generator

• Suction trough to capture stunned Suction trough to capture stunned gobiesgobies

• Emergency egress laddersEmergency egress ladders

• Boat launching crane Boat launching crane

• Estimated annual operating cost ~ Estimated annual operating cost ~ $40,000$40,000

Recommended Barrier Recommended Barrier FeaturesFeatures

Barrier Barrier SiteSite

Barrier IBarrier I

• Electrodes steel cables – 3yr life Electrodes steel cables – 3yr life

• Construction cost ~ $1.25 MillionConstruction cost ~ $1.25 Million

• Annual operating cost ~ $24,000 Annual operating cost ~ $24,000

• Began operation April 11Began operation April 11thth 2002 2002

1-1/2” cables pass 1-1/2” cables pass through holes drilled in through holes drilled in

bedrock bedrock

Control buildingControl building

Canal cross section viewCanal cross section view

P. Moy

165 Feet165 Feet

25 Ft25 Ft

Barrier IBarrier I

Barrier OperationBarrier Operation

• Fall 2002: GLFC, IJC & USEPA fund purchase Fall 2002: GLFC, IJC & USEPA fund purchase of back-up generatorof back-up generator

• March 2003: IJC helped secure USEPA funds March 2003: IJC helped secure USEPA funds for:for:– Egress/Access laddersEgress/Access ladders– Boat hoistBoat hoist– Submerged antennas for improved fish Submerged antennas for improved fish

monitoringmonitoring

Barrier Monitoring Barrier Monitoring • Univ. of Illinois & Illinois Natural History Univ. of Illinois & Illinois Natural History

SurveySurvey

• To date, radio-tagged & released 118 To date, radio-tagged & released 118 common carp below the barriercommon carp below the barrier

• March 2003 found a radio-tagged carp March 2003 found a radio-tagged carp upstream of the barrierupstream of the barrier

• Data from fixed antennas indicated the Data from fixed antennas indicated the fish passed through the array between fish passed through the array between 2:30 and 2:35 PM on April 3rd2:30 and 2:35 PM on April 3rd

Barrier OperationBarrier Operation• Barrier site sensors indicated a barge Barrier site sensors indicated a barge

passed though at that same timepassed though at that same time

• The power output (voltage, pulse rate) of The power output (voltage, pulse rate) of the barrier was doubled on April 16the barrier was doubled on April 16thth, , 20032003

• On April 17On April 17thth circuit boards on all four circuit boards on all four pulsators shorted out. pulsators shorted out.

Barrier OperationBarrier Operation• Power restored 25 hrs laterPower restored 25 hrs later

• System failure was due to line voltage System failure was due to line voltage problemsproblems

• No other tagged fish passed through the No other tagged fish passed through the array during the outagearray during the outage

• No problems with tagged fish sinceNo problems with tagged fish since

• Prompted a study on barge hull impacts on Prompted a study on barge hull impacts on the barrier = Field Effects Studythe barrier = Field Effects Study

Field Effects StudyField Effects Study

• Barges create a weak area in the Barges create a weak area in the barrier field under the barge hullbarrier field under the barge hull

• Could allow (or drag) a fish through Could allow (or drag) a fish through the barrier fieldthe barrier field

• Barrier II double-array design Barrier II double-array design addresses this problemaddresses this problem

Barrier Safety TestsBarrier Safety Tests• Barge crew observed arcing at barrier siteBarge crew observed arcing at barrier site• Completed January - March 2005Completed January - March 2005• Confirmed arcing could occur between Confirmed arcing could occur between

bargesbarges• USCG established a restricted activity zone:USCG established a restricted activity zone:

– No passing, mooring, single barge-wide towsNo passing, mooring, single barge-wide tows– Special safety requirements – steel cables Special safety requirements – steel cables – All vessel occupants to wear PFDsAll vessel occupants to wear PFDs

• Test Barrier II when operationalTest Barrier II when operational

Asian Carp On The Way?Asian Carp On The Way?

• July 2002, 2 Live Asian carp found 22 miles July 2002, 2 Live Asian carp found 22 miles below barrier in Des Plaines Riverbelow barrier in Des Plaines River

• 50+ miles from Lake Michigan50+ miles from Lake Michigan

• Two locks between capture site and barrierTwo locks between capture site and barrier

• Developed a proposed rapid response planDeveloped a proposed rapid response plan

• Considered several control options: Considered several control options: – netting, herding, heat, explosives, sonic netting, herding, heat, explosives, sonic

disruption, flow rates, oxygen depletion, disruption, flow rates, oxygen depletion, attractants & repellents, killing w/ barrierattractants & repellents, killing w/ barrier

The Asian Carp ResponseThe Asian Carp Response

• Management Management andand Eradication Eradication

• ManagementManagement– Monitoring of distribution boundaryMonitoring of distribution boundary– Monitoring is an integral part of response planMonitoring is an integral part of response plan– Capture and depletion of downstream Capture and depletion of downstream

populationpopulation

• Dispersal barrier as backstopDispersal barrier as backstop

• Eradication – poison out a section of the Eradication – poison out a section of the canal if neededcanal if needed

Lake Michigan

Little Calumet River

Grand Calumet River

Calumet River

Pla

ine

sR

iver

Des

RiverChicago

Sanitary andShip Canal

Cal-Sag Channel

Nort

h

Sh

ore

C

han

nel

IndianaIllinois

LocksBarrier Site

4 sites4 sitesMonthly samplesMonthly samplesFyke, trammel netsFyke, trammel netsElectrofishingElectrofishing

Asian Carp Asian Carp Monitoring AreaMonitoring Area

Asian Carp Monitoring Asian Carp Monitoring

• No Bighead or Silver carp seen or caught No Bighead or Silver carp seen or caught in 2003 through October 2004in 2003 through October 2004

• Dead silver carp found in November 2004Dead silver carp found in November 2004• 32 inches long; 5-7 years old32 inches long; 5-7 years old

Silver CarpSilver Carp

• Found 1.5 mi below barrier in a barge Found 1.5 mi below barrier in a barge slipslip

• Dead for several days Dead for several days

• May have been on the deck of a bargeMay have been on the deck of a barge

• Subsequent sampling found no other Subsequent sampling found no other individualsindividuals

• Have expanded the monitoring areaHave expanded the monitoring area

Barrier IIBarrier II

• Cost $9.1 million; 75% FederalCost $9.1 million; 75% Federal

• IL DNR provided $1.8 millionIL DNR provided $1.8 million

• Other 7 Great Lakes States provided ~ Other 7 Great Lakes States provided ~ $70,000 each$70,000 each

• Located 850 feet downstream from Barrier ILocated 850 feet downstream from Barrier I

• Two arrays with independent power & back-Two arrays with independent power & back-upup

• 500 feet long (10X Barrier I)500 feet long (10X Barrier I)

• 6x6” Steel electrodes = 20-year service life6x6” Steel electrodes = 20-year service life

Barrier IIBarrier II• More effective on small fishMore effective on small fish• Construction started late October Construction started late October

20042004• Expect completion June 2005Expect completion June 2005• Illinois will become owner without Illinois will become owner without

new legislationnew legislation• Expect operation to cost $20,000 / Expect operation to cost $20,000 /

monthmonth

Ultimate BarrierUltimate Barrier

• A combination of barrier A combination of barrier methodologies will likely be required methodologies will likely be required for best successfor best success

• Acoustic-bubble barrier w/ electricityAcoustic-bubble barrier w/ electricity

• Educated public Educated public

• Prevent new introductions Prevent new introductions

• Funds requested for hydrologic Funds requested for hydrologic separation reconnaissance studyseparation reconnaissance study

Dispersal Barrier Website: Dispersal Barrier Website:

• www.seagrant.wisc.eduwww.seagrant.wisc.edu– Aquatic Invasive SpeciesAquatic Invasive Species– Dispersal barrierDispersal barrier

•PhotosPhotos

•VideoVideo

•BackgroundBackground

•What’s newWhat’s new