chemistry review. name the three subatomic particles proton, neutron, electron

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Chemistry Review

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Page 1: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Chemistry Review

Page 2: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Name the three subatomic particles

Proton, neutron, electron

Page 3: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

What is the charge on each subatomic particle?

Proton -- +1Neutron – 0Electron -- -1

Page 4: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Complete this sentence: An atom is made of_____________, while a compound is made of ____________

one particle of one elementmore than one atom

Page 5: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Atomic number is ______________ and mass number is ______________The number of protons

The number of protons + neutrons

Page 6: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Isotopes differ in

The number of neutrons

Page 7: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Ions differ in

The number of electrons

Page 8: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Use your periodic table to write the symbol, atomic number, number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for iodine

I53537453

Page 9: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

What are valence electrons?

Electrons in the outer shell

Page 10: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Draw a Bohr atom for nitrogen

Page 11: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

What makes atoms “happy”? What group are they like when they are happy?

Having a full outer shellNoble gases (group 18)

Page 12: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

How many valence electrons in Group 15?

5

Page 13: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

How many valence electrons do transition metals have?

number variesA Roman numeral is used to show how

many when writing the names of compounds with transition metals

Page 14: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

What is a row of the Periodic Table called? What is a column called?

Row = periodColumn = Group or family

Page 15: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

What is an anion? What is a cation?

Anion = negatively charged ionCation = positively charged ion

Page 16: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

What is the charge on a nitrogen atom? How do you figure it out?

-3How many electrons it needs to get to a

full outer shell of 8

Page 17: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Which groups form cations?

Group 1, 2, 13All the transition metals

Page 18: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Which groups form anions?

Groups 15, 16, 17

Page 19: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Which group does not form ions at all? Why not?

Group 18, the noble gasesBecause they are already happy

Page 20: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

How do you know how many electrons an atom will gain or lose to form its ion?

It will gain or lose the lowest number possible to form a complete outer shell

(which is usually 8 but for a few of the smaller elements it is 2, like helium)

Page 21: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

What kind of ions form an ionic compound? What keeps the ions together?

a metal and a nonmetalThey stay together because opposite

charges attract

Page 22: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

How do electrons move to form an ionic compound? How is that different from a covalent compound?

ionic compound: electrons are transferred

covalent compound: electrons are shared.

Page 23: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

What kind of atoms form a covalent compound?

Nonmetals with nonmetals (and hydrogen counts as a nonmetal)

Page 24: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

What are the properties of ionic compounds?

High melting pointDissolve in waterConduct electricity

Page 25: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Name this compound: BaO

Barium oxide If the first element is Group 1, 2, or 13

(or silver, cadmium, or zinc) just name it with no Roman numeral

The second element changes its name to end in -ide

Page 26: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Is this compound ionic or covalent? How do you know? P2O5

Covalent because it is two nonmetals

Page 27: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

How do you name this compound?CuOcopper (II) oxide

Oxygen has a -2 charge so it has to be balanced by +2

Copper is a transition metal so its charge varies—so it gets a Roman numeral

Page 28: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

How do you write the formula for Tin (IV) Fluoride?

SnF4

Fluorine has a -1 charge.The Roman numeral IV tells you that tin

has a +4 charge in this compoundSo to balance +4 there must be 4

fluorines of -1 each (4 x -1 = -4)

Page 29: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

How do you name this covalent compound? C2P6

Dicarbon hexaphosphide Use a prefix chart Prefix one = subscript one (if no subscript, no

prefix) Name element one Prefix two = subscript two Name second element but change ending to -

ide

Page 30: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Write the formula for this compound: hexasulfur monoxide

S6O

Don’t write the subscript 1!

Page 31: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

How many elements are in this compound? How many atoms?

Ca2(NO3)2

3 elements: Ca, N, OYou can tell because there are 3 capital

letters2 Ca, 2N (why?), 6 O (why?) = 10 atoms

Page 32: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

How do you prove a chemical reaction has taken place?

Do a chemical analysis to show that a new product has been formed

Page 33: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

What is an aqueous solution? What kind of compounds form an aqueous solution?

Aqueous = dissolved in water Ionic compounds dissolve in water to

form aqueous solutions

Page 34: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

What are the substances to the left of the arrow called in a chemical reaction? The substances to the right of the arrow?Left = reactants

Right = products

Page 35: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

How do you know if there is more than one reactant or product?

There will be a plus sign

Page 36: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Which two types of chemical reactions are opposites of each other?

Synthesis and decomposition

Page 37: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Which type of reaction always has CO2 and H2O as products?

Combustion

Page 38: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

What type of chemical reaction exchanges ions in two compounds to form two new compounds?

Double replacement

Page 39: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

Which type of reaction is this?Al + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2 Single replacementBecause an element and a compound

switch ions instead of two compounds

Page 40: Chemistry Review. Name the three subatomic particles  Proton, neutron, electron

What type of reaction is this?Ba(OH)2 BaO + H2O

DecompositionOnly one compound left of the arrow