Name:_____________________________________________ Hayes

Chemistry department

Introduction booklet for A Level Chemistry 2016-18

Content Page

An open letter to A level students from the Head of Chemistry 2 Course overview 3 Reading list 5 Equipment 5 Career Information 5 Extra Support 6 Questions 7

Answers to some Questions 16 About yourself 17 Periodic Table 18

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An open letter to A Level students from the Head of Chemistry

We are very delighted that you have chosen Chemistry as one of your 6th Form subjects. Chemistry is an interesting and rewarding subject requiring and for developing a variety of skills. A qualification in Chemistry is highly valued and leads to a wide variety of careers. However, Chemistry can also be challenging and there the key to success is taking responsibility in your own learning and progress. So as to ensure that you are confident and comfortable with many of the skills and concepts that you covered at GCSE Chemistry we have asked you to complete the questions in the booklet. I have included some of the answers to these questions so that you can check your understanding. The A level course will take material studied at GCSE and develop them further and in more detail. Our experience have shown that students may have attained B grade or better in Additional Science or Chemistry but are unable to deal confidently with fundamental chemical concepts such as atomic structure, chemical formulae, balancing chemical equations, dot cross diagrams, bonding and quantitative analysis tend to struggle with the course from the start. Therefore so that you have a ‘head start’, we ask you to spend part of your summer holidays working through all the questions from the booklet. There will be an induction programme during September and an Induction Test during the first week of October which will include assessing materials from GCSE Chemistry between Grade A* and B. The purpose of the programme is to prepare you for the Induction Test and the Induction test is to consider your suitability for A level Chemistry. Performance in the Induction Test should also tell you and us about the extra support that may be needed.

I hope that you understand that our main purpose for this induction programme is for us to ensure that you have the required skills and understanding so as to progress through the A level course with confidence and success. We look forward to seeing you at the beginning of the term and don’t forget to bring with you the completed booklet or answers on a separate sheet and the information about yourself (Page 16). If you require any further information do not hesitate to contact me by my email address (mfp@hayes.bromley.sch.uk)

Dr Mohamed Patel

1st July 2016

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Course overview The Course: OCR A Level GCE in Chemistry A H432 Module 1 Development of practical skills in Chemistry

Planning experiments

Implementing a given method or a plan

Analysis of results collected

Evaluation of results and draw conclusions Module 2 Foundation in Chemistry The chemical ideas covered in this module are:

atoms and atomic structure

chemical equations and amount of substance;

acids, bases and salts

redox chemistry;

Periodic Table – electron configurations and periodicity of ionisation enthalpy;

bonding and the shapes of molecules.

intermolecular dipole bonds;

giant covalent structures; Module 3 Periodic Table and Energy

Periodicity

Group 2 chemistry;

Group 7 chemistry;

Testing ions

thermochemistry;

industrial chemistry.

rates of reaction;

chemical equilibrium; Module 4 Core organic chemistry

organic chemistry: basic concepts

alkanes, alkenes, alcohols and halogenoalkanes

the electromagnetic spectrum and the interaction of radiation with matter.

IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry

Greenhouse effect

Ozone layer

Controlling pollution

Green Chemistry and sustainability Module 5 Physical Chemistry and Transition element

rates of reaction, rate equation, orders of reaction and rate determining step.

equilibrium and equilibrium constant Kc and Kp;

an overview of the effects of factors on the rate and equilibrium yields of reactions, leading to a consideration of the best conditions for an industrial process;

acid–base equilibria including pH, Ka and buffer solutions

Lattice enthalpy and the Born Haber cycles

Entropy and free energ Module 6 Organic Chemistry and Analysis

aromatic compounds;

phenols, carboxylic acids, esters, carbonyl compounds;

amines and amides;

amino acid and protein chemistry;

optical isomerism;

addition and condensation polymers;

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synthesis of organic molecules;

Chromatography

NMR spectroscopy;

medicine manufacture and testing;

IR spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy.

using spectroscopic techniques to elucidate structure.

Assessment Overview A level in Chemistry A H432 (Award 2018) There are 3 written papers and marks from the AS unit in Year 12 are not carried forward towards the A level assessment. All components include synoptic assessment Component 01(37%) H432/01 2¼ hour written paper covering Modules 1,2,3, 5 Component 02 (37%) H432/02 2¼ hour written paper covering Modules 1,2,4, 6 Component 03 (26%) H432/03 1½ hour written paper covering Modules 1-6 Practical Skills in Chemistry Chemistry is a practical subject and the development of practical skills is fundamental to understanding the concepts in chemistry. There is no separate assessment for practical skills at A level as the skills are assessed in the two written papers. Students will be expected to complete each practical assignment and write them up in full. Each practical assignment will address and assess techniques and skills which will be recorded The practical assignments will be submitted as part of the A Level Practical Endorsement. Assessment of Practical Skills and Practical Endorsement Practical skills are assessed in the written examination and in the Practical Endorsement. The award for a Practical Endorsement requires the student to submit a minimum of 12 practical assignments which cover all the required categories and demonstrate all the required practical skills through their practical work. Students who have demonstrated the above fully will receive a pass grade and will appear on the student’s certificate as a separately reported result alongside the overall grade for the qualification.

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Reading list You are strongly advised to undertake some background reading before and during the course. You will also be required to buy the Induction book, and Course book at the start of Year 12 and this will cover the Year 12 and Year 13 content.

Course Book. A Level Chemistry A for OCR Student Book: Authors : David Gent and Rob Ritchie

(ISBN 13 978 0 198351979)

Head Start to A level Chemistry published by CGP (ISBN 9781782942801)

You may wish to purchase an additional textbook(s) and a revision guide to help consolidate your learning, and for background reading. You are also advised to subscribe to a scientific journal. Chemistry Review subscriptions are available through the school: details will be published next term. Equipment All chemistry students are expected to have their own clean labcoat and the lab coat will be left in the department. If you don’t have your labcoat the you will be unable to do the practical work for that lesson You will also need to bring to lessons:

Pencil, pen and ruler

Paper

Calculator

Folder with your current work

Rough note book for practical work

Careers You should be starting to think about your next steps in education, in particular what courses to apply for at University. An A level in chemistry is not a soft option. Apart from extending your knowledge of the subject, you will develop many of the scientific skills and ‘employability’ skills, which can provide a stepping stone for a wide variety of careers, both scientific and non-scientific. The Confederation of British Industry (CBI) defined employability (sometimes referred to as ‘transferable’ skills) as: “The possession of an individual of the qualities and competence

required to meet the changing needs of employers and thereby help to realise his or her aspirations and potential in work”

Careers information available to chemistry students includes:

Opportunity to apply for Work Experience placements in the Summer break

Numerous careers resources for scientists in the careers library When choosing a university course, remember that many courses can lead to careers in a whole array of different disciplines, taking a biochemistry degree does not mean you have to become a biochemist! If you are unsure about your career aspirations the best thing to do is apply for a pure science or engineering degree with a respected university in an area that interests you. Chemistry teachers are available to offer individual advice and guidance, so please don’t be afraid to come and ask for help with your careers choices.

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Extra support There is a weekly Chemistry Clinic provided which you should attend if you need extra help with any part of the course. It is your responsibility to make sure you are keeping up with the work! Some students need a bit more individual help to understand some of the material, so don’t be afraid to come along. Peer tutors from Year 13 will be available to offer help, as well as chemistry teachers. The time and place for the clinic will be announced.

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Name:_____________________________________________

Questions 1) Explain the following in words. a) The difference between an element and a compound? _______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

(2)

b) An atom. ________________________________________________________________________(1) c) A molecule. ______________________________________________________________________(1) d) Ions are. ________________________________________________________________________(1) e) Mole (the chemical quantity not the burrowing mammal kind) ________________________________________________________________________(1)

2) 2 Identify each of the following particles as an atom, molecule or ion and name them. (i) NH3 (ii) O2-

(iii) SO42- (iv) F2

(v) O (vi) O2

(vii) NO3- (viii) H2O

(ix) Cl- (xi) H+

(10)

3) (a) Write the formula of the following substances

i) lithium oxide ii) ammonia

iii) calcium nitrate iv) nitrogen

v) methane vi) argon

vii) ammonium sulphate viii) iron (III) hydroxide

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ix)calcium oxide x) magnesium hydroxide

xi) barium nitrate xii) magnesium carbonate

xiii) calcium sulphate xiv) barium chloride

xv) sodium bromide xvi) iron (III) chloride

xvii) iodine monochloride xviii) strontium iodide

(18)

(b) Give the name of the following substances from their formula

(i) Ca(OH)2 ii) MgCO3

iii) SrSO4 iv) MgI2

v) NH4Cl vi) Ca(NO3)2

vii) CaCO3 viii) Mg(OH)2

ix) FeBr3 x) Br2

xi) CaSO4 xii) BaCl2

xiii) AgCl xiv) AgNO3

(14)

4) (a) Give the name and formulae mass of each of the following substances. You will need to use the Periodic Table

(i) Fe2O3 ii) C5H10

(iii) (NH4)2CO3 iv) Fe2(SO4)3 (4)

(b) Give the charge on the following ions (i) iron in (a) (i) (ii) ammonium ion in (a) (iii) iron in (a)

(iv) (3)

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5) Balance the following equations. For (c) and (d) you will need to find the chemical formulae for the reactant and products first.

a) Fe + H2O Fe3O4 + H2 (1)

b) PCl3 + H2O P(OH)3 + HCl (1)

c) ammonia + oxygen nitrogen + water ______________________________________________________________________ (2)

d) ethane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water ______________________________________________________________________ (2)

6) Mohr salt is a compound with the chemical formulae (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O

a) Calculate the total number of atoms in a molecule of Mohr salt

________________________________________________________________________ (1)

b) Mohr salt has a formulae mass 392. Calculate the % by mass of nitrogen in Mohr salt

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ (2)

7) The volume of the ocean is 1.37 x 1024 cm3. Calculate its volume in dm3 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ (2)

8 a) Define the term empirical formulae

b) Write the empirical formula for the following compounds. i) C

6H

6 ii) C

8H

18 iii) WO

2 iv) C2H6O2 v) X

39Y

13

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c) An unknown compound was found to have a percent composition as follows: a) 47.0 % potassium, 14.5 % carbon, and 38.5 % oxygen. What is its empirical

formula?

d) Rubbing alcohol was found to contain 60.0 % carbon, 13.4 % hydrogen, and the remaining mass was due to oxygen. What is the empirical formula of rubbing alcohol?

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Large number, Significant Figures and Rounding up and down When quoting a result, it should contain the same number of significant figures (sig figs) as the measurement with the smallest number of significant figures. If the last figure is between 5 and 9 inclusive, round up If the last figure is between 0 and 4 inclusive, round down Significant figures and rounding up and down should only be done at the end of a calculation, otherwise it causes rounding errors Use standard form for large numbers and very small numbers 9 a) Give the following numbers to 3 sig figs a) 50.67 ______________ b) 506789 __________________ c) 0.5067 ______________ d) 0.0005067 __________________

(4) 9 b) Give the following numbers to standard form and 2 sig figs a) 5067 ______________ b) 0.0005067 __________________

(2) 10) The following results are accurately measured values from experiments. Complete

the sum and give the answer to the most number of significant figures that you think gives an answer that is trustworthy.

a) 1.4567 + 2.3 _____________________________________________________________________ b) 10.5 - 0.145 _____________________________________________________________________ (2) 11) Rearrange the following equations to give the letter shown as the subject. a) What does c equal if E = m × c × θ

___________________________________________________________________

b) What does λ equal if E = f x λ ___________________________________________________________________

c) What does t equal if I = Q /t ___________________________________________________________________

d) What does T equal if Stotal = Ssystem – H/T

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

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e) What does C equal if m = CV /1000

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

f) What does [H+] equal if Kc = [H+]2 x [HA] ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(6)

12) What mass of hydrogen is produced when 192 g of magnesium is reacted with hydrochloric acid? ( A Periodic Table is printed on the back page)

Mg + 2 HCl MgCl2 + H2

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________(3)

13) What mass of oxygen is needed to react with 8.5 g of hydrogen sulphide (H2S)?

2 H2S + 3 O2 2 SO2 + 2 H2O ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________(3)

14) (a) Railway lines are welded together by the Thermite reaction, which produces molten iron. What mass of iron oxide is needed to form from 1 kg of iron ?

Fe2O3 + 2 Al 2 Fe + Al2O3 ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(3) (b) The company calculated that they would produce 1.2 kg of iron, but only 0.9 kg was produced. Calculate the percentage yield. ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

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15) Complete the following

Sub atomic particles

Electron Proton neutron

Charge

Relative mass

1

Where are they found in an atom

How to work out how many of them are there in an atom of an element

(3)

16) Complete the following table You will need the Periodic Table.

Number of

Atomic No

Mass No. electrons Protons neutrons

35Cl

37Cl

35Cl-

Ca

Ca2+

(5)

17) Draw an atom of following showing only the electrons and write its electron arrangement. Use ● or x to represent the electrons.. Put the symbol of the element in the centre (a) magnesium (b) oxygen (c) chlorine (d) potassium

(4)

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18) Draw dot cross diagrams to show the ions in ionic bonding of the following compounds. Only show outer electrons and put the element’s symbol in the centre.

(a) Magnesium oxide (b) calcium chloride (c) sodium oxide

(9)

19) Draw dot cross diagrams to show the covalent bonding in the following molecues. Only show outer electrons and put the element’s symbol in the centre.

(a) molecules ammonia (NH3). (b) methane (CH4).

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(c) water (d) nitrogen (e) carbon dioxide

(10)

20) Copy and compete the following table

(8)

Electrical

Compound Type of bonding

Type of structure

M’pt & b’pt

In solid molten In solution

Silver

Chlorine

Magnesium chloride

Diamond

Graphite

Silicon dioxide

Carbon dioxide

Aluminium oxide

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Remember to hand in this part of the booklet or sheets with your answers stapled with information about yourself (Page 16)

Answers to some of the Questions 1) a) elements – contains one type of atoms

compounds- contains molecules which have more than one type of atoms bonded together

b) A particle with protons, electrons and neutrons

c) Two or more atoms bonded together

e) Contains an Avogadro number of particles

2 NH3 compound- ammonia O2- ion oxide F2 fluorine molecule O atom oxygen

3) a) lithium oxide Li2O b)ammonia NH3 c)calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2 f) nitrogen N2

4) a) Fe2O3 iron(III) oxide 160 b) C5H10 pentene 70 c) (NH4)2CO3 ammonium carbonate 96

b) +3

5 a) 3Fe + 4H2O Fe3O4 + 4H2

b) PCl3 + 3H2O P(OH)3 + 3HCl

d) 2C2H6 + 7O2 4CO2 + 6H2O

6) a) 39 b) 7%

9 a) 50.7

9 a) 5100

10 a) 3.8 (2sf)

11 b) λ=E/f e) C=1000m/V

12) 16g 14 1.4kg of Fe2O3

17a) 18a)

19a)

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About Yourself

………………………………..............................................Name

List of GCSE Science and Mathematics awarded and their grade.

AS subjects to be studied

Considering which career and/or course at university

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