Chemistry is a branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of

matter.[1][2] Chemistry deals with such topics as the properties of individual atoms, how atoms form chemical

bonds to create chemical compounds, the interactions of substances through intermolecular forces that give

matter its general properties, and the interactions between substances through chemical reactions to form

different substances.

Chemistry is sometimes called the central science because it bridges other natural sciences, including physics,

geology and biology.[3][4] For the differences between chemistry and physics see Comparison of chemistry and

physics.[5]

A funnel is a pipe with a wide, often conical mouth and a narrow stem. It is used to channel liquid or fine-grained

substances into containers with a small opening. Without a funnel, spillage would occur.

Funnels are usually made of stainless steel, aluminium, glass, or plastic. The material used in its construction

should be sturdy enough to withstand the weight of the substance being transferred, and it should not react with

the substance. To channel liquid or fine-grained substances into containers with a small opening used for pouring

liquids or powders through a small opening and hold the filter paper in filtration.

A test tube, also known as a culture tube or sample tube, is a common piece of laboratory glassware consisting of a

finger-like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top, usually with a rounded U-shaped bottom.

A large test tube specifically for boiling liquids is called a boiling. a thin glass tube closed at one end, used to hold

small amounts of material for laboratory testing or experiments. .

est tubes are widely used by chemists to hold, mix, or heat small quantities of solid or liquid chemicals, especially

for qualitative experiments and assays. Their round bottom and straight sides minimize mass loss when pouring,

make them easier to clean, and allow convenient monitoring of the contents. The long, narrow neck slows down

the spreading of vapours and gases to the environment.

A Test Tube Holder is a device that as the name suggests is used to hold the test tubes in place and based on the

uses and the type of test tubes there are many modifications that can be sought.

Uses:

Test tube holders, are used to hold the most commonly used, yet highly diversified range of scientific laboratory

glassware ‘test tube’ ranging from basic school level chemistry or biology laboratory experiments to highly specific

patented serum detection kits used in tertiary care pathological, microbiological or biochemical laboratory tests or

top end path breaking biological, chemical or physical experiments, also including space labs that involves

potential radiation, high pressure zones, chemical or bio hazards: the holders of these test tubes used are required

to be held in a required position, for variable time periods for various purposes: during manufacture, storage,

transport, experiments, non-experimental storage and also non-scientific purposes i.e. decoration. A test tube

holder’s main purpose is to hold the test tube in place, but they can also be used to hold the pipettes and stirring

rods in place. Depending upon the nature or property of the substance held in the test tube, the test tube holders

have many accessories that have evolved over last few centuries. Specialized diversifications of fields

amalgamating radiation, biology and chemistry have inspired the test tube holder designs to change in last few

decades.

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Using glass has many advantages in a scientific environment, as glass can be sterilized, is easily cleaned, allows for

easy viewing of the tube's contents, is non-reactive to many common chemical reagents and conducts heat evenly.

However, glass is also very prone to breaking under sudden shocks, such as a drop off the lab table. In addition,

test tubes are completely round and lack handles. Test tubes often do not even have flat bottoms, so it is

impossible to rest them upon a table top as you would a cup. The roundness is to prevent mass loss when

transferring materials from one container to another, but it means that a test tube laid down on a table is prone to

rolling. These features make test tube racks a vital part of any decently outfitted lab's equipment.

.A test tube rack keeps tubes in place when they are not being actively used. It also allow for easy organization

during experiments. All of the samples from one particular place or containing one particular substance can be

placed on the same rack. Finally, test tube racks allow for good maintenance of the equipment. A test tube that is

always returned to its rack is less likely to develop chips or cracks.

A beaker is a simple container for stirring, mixing and heating liquids commonly used in many laboratories. Beakers

are generally cylindrical in shape, with a flat bottom.[1] Most also have a small spout (or "beak") to aid pouring as

shown in the picture. Beakers are available in a wide range of sizes, from one millilitre up to several QUICK

ANSWER

Beakers are a type of cylindrical container used to mix chemicals, liquids and other substances together for

scientific testing. They are also used routinely in laboratory experiments to calculate the volumes of various

liquids. However, beakers are not the primary choice for measuring in labs, as they are only capable of providing

figures within a 10 percent accuracy range.

Round-bottom flasks (also called round-bottomed flasks, Flasks, round bottom, or R B Flasks) are types of flasks

having spherical bottoms used as laboratory glassware, mostly for chemical or biochemical work.[1] They are

typically made of glass for chemical inertness; and in modern days, they are usually made of heat-resistant

borosilicate glass. There is at least one tubular section known as the neck with an opening at the tip. Two or three-

necked flasks are common as well. Round bottom flasks come in many sizes, from 5 mL to 20 L, with the sizes

usually inscribed on the glass. In pilot plants even larger flasks are encountered.

The round bottoms on these types of flasks allow more uniform heating and/or boiling of liquid. Thus, round-

bottom flasks are used in a variety of applications where the contents are heated or boiled. Round-bottom flasks

are used in distillation by chemists as distilling flasks and receiving flasks for the distillate (see distillation diagram).

One-neck round-bottom flasks are used as the distilling flasks in rotary evaporators.

A glass laboratory flask of a conical profile with a narrow tubular neck and a flat bottom, used to manipulate

solutions or to carry out titrations. A conical flask is used to hold chemicals and to make your chemical

Use : use to heat substances, can be stirred and swirled without the risk of spilling and reduces the loss of the

evaporation (because of the narrow neck).