chart correction

Preface

"As an officer and a Navigator I have ever looked with horror on neglect and indolence, and have never yet crossed the Seas without that foresight which is necessary to the well doing of the voyage.. . "Bligh" Gavin Kennedy, Duckworth 1978, p131. Captain Bligh, quoted above, has caught the essential nature of good seamanship in those few words. A difficult man, but whatever his faults, he is acknowledged to have been a superb navigator who contributed to the pioneering work of the expeditions led by the incomparable Captain Cook. The modern Admiralty chart is a direct link to these astonishingly competent men and innumerable others who have patiently measured the Earth for us over the last two hundred years. Proper care of charts is part of "that foresight which is necessary to the well doing of the voyage . and is, in some small way, an act of homage to those pioneers. Today, the ship's navigator is the final, and possibly the weakest, link in the chain of the production of the chart. The care and attention which is lavished on each chart continues until it leaves the Chart Agent after which all depends upon the competence of the end-user. Properly used and understood the Chart Correction System should ensure that each expensive chart on board is as good as those ashore ready for purchase. Experience has taught me this cannot be taken for granted and some years ago I was fortunate enough to obtain a copy of "H.86" - Notes on Chart Correction for Admiralty Chart Agents - the ancestor of this publication. -This proved to be an excellent tool for the education of my navigators, the only fault being that it was not in general circulation. Mr R G Templeman, Supply and Production Planning, Chart Correcting, has now revised the original "H.86" for a wider market and I welcome "How to Correct Your Charts the Admiralty AA ay" as a significant aid to safety in helping to ensure that our charts are as correct as they can be. For as long as paper charts are produced and used this valuable guide should accompany each chart outfit. Cook and Bligh may well have approved.

Yours sincerely

CAPTAIN IAN HALE

Contents

Preface Page List of contents Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Equipment: Tools 2 Equipment: Publications 3 Chapter 2 Notices to Mariners (1): Information available from the Weekly Edition of Admiralty Notices to Mariners 5 Section I Geographical Index 5 Index Pages 5 Section II New Admiralty Charts and Publications 5 New Editions of Admiralty Charts and Publications 5 Additions to the ARCS Series 6 Admiralty Charts to be published 6 Admiralty Publications to be published 6 Revised publication dates 6

Admiralty Charts and Publications permanently withdrawn 6 Revised UK Recommended Retail Prices (RRP(UK)) 6 Admiralty Chart Agent Information 6 Erratum 6 Corrections 6 Temporary and Preliminary ANMs 7 Section IIA Australian and New Zealand NMs 7 Section III Navigational Warnings 7 NAVAREA Warnings 8

Section IV Corrections to Admiralty Sailing Directions (ASDs) 9

Page

Section V Corrections to Admiralty List of Lights and Fog signals (ALLs) 9

Notes or Blocks 9 Hydrographic Note (H102) 9 Hydrographic Note for Port Information (H102a) 9 Section VI Corrections to Admiralty List of Radio Signals (ALRS) 9 Chapter 3 Notices to Mariners (2): Corrections 10 Chapter 4 How to correct your charts 11 Final Notes 12 Examples 13 Amex Bibliography Blank Page for Your Notes

Introduction

"There are no charts of any part of the world so accurate and no directions so perfect as not to furnish frequent occasion for revision and amendment"

The above quotation is taken from the title page of the 'Nautical Magazine' published in 1832. "The degree of reliance to be placed on a chart must depend upon the character and completeness of the original survey material and on the completeness of reports of subsequent changes. The chart must never be taken for (Admiralty Manual of Navigation 1987). This quotations are saying the same thing. These important statements are reminders that you can rely on Admiralty charts ONLY if they are corrected up to date. This documentoes not attempt to teach navigation. It is assumed that you are able to plot from the text of an Admiralty Notice to Mariners and that you know how to position a correction accurately. The purpose of this document is to set out simply and clearly the essential points of good chart correcting, practices. For the purpose of demonstrating chart correcting techniques, charts iised in the following are shown in black; only the correction is highlighted in violet.

Chapter 1

Equipment: Tools It is recommended that you must have the prope r tools before you begin to correct your charts. The following items are recommended and can be bought from any good stationer who sells brand names such as Staedtler, Standardgraph, Rotring and Linex. 1. Pens You need two pens with different sizes of nib, eg. 0.15mm and 0.25mm.Use a 0.15mm nib to insert information and a 0.25mm nib to delete. It is necessary to follow the instructions accompanying the pen of your choice so that you can keep it clean and in working order. 2. Ink The colour should be violet so that you can see your corrections clearly. Also, they can be seen by Port State, Flag State, Class and Insurance surveyor inspection teams. 3. Pencils HB. This is a good pencil for inserting Admiralty Notices to Mariners (ANMs) into your "Chart Correction Log and Folio Index" NP 133A (see sub paragraph 12). Also it can be used for chart work but mariners may prefer a softer pencil such as a 2B. 7H. This is a hard pencil with a shxrp poini for pin-pointing positions when using either a parallel rule and dividers or a Chart Correction Overlay (more commonly referred to as a Tracing). A Tracing is a useful tool for positioning a correction quickly. Tracings can be obtained through appointed Admiralty Chart Agents. 4. Eraser This should be soft and used only for rubbing out pencil marks/tracks on charts or ANMs recorded in the NP 133 A. 5. Adhesive This is to be used when sticking Block corrections and Notes/Cautions onto charts., There are many types of adhesive on' the market but the product known as "Positionable Mounting Adhesive Rolls", a 3M product under the brand name Scotch-, is strongly recommended. As there is no distortion to the chart or the block, you will find that you can obtain a perfect fit; and it is permanent. 6. Parallel rule There are two types: a. Roller b. Stepping

Both are perfectly suitable for the purpose of chart correction. 7. Dividers Bow dividers are more sensitive for accurate positioning. 8. Compasses… with a pen attachment, is an essential piece of equipment for corrections where you have to draw large circles or sectors, for example. Position the point gently to avoid piercing the chart.

9. Hacksaw blade A useful tool which you can use to draw a cable. The blade must have 14 teeth to 1 inch (2.5cm). Be careful to use the blade so that your pen will flow over the teeth. 10. Straight edge A steel straight edge, preferably 1 metre in length, is a useful tool for finding a position on a chart. It is a slower process than using a parallel ruler and dividers but there is less room for error. 11. Template... with various sizes of holes, should be used for drawing radar stations, radio beacons, small circular limits, etc.. Equipment: Publications 12. NP 133A This publication may be purchased from any appointed Admiralty Chart Agent. It lists every chart numerically and is used to record corrections (by their ANM number) against any chart affected. When the ANMs are received (see Chapter 2: Notices to Mariners (1) below) you should identify those charts which are affected by an ANM and record the ANM number against the chart number in the NP 13 3 A. You can correct your charts later and cross the appropriate ANMs through in pencil as you complete them. By entering the ANMs in pencil, all ANM entries- can be erased when a New Edition of the chart is received which will supersede all previous corrections. Only the date of the-New Edition/New Chart should be entered in ink as a permanent record. The following is an extract from a correctly completed version of NP 133 A correct to week 30/97.

12. NP 133A (cont.) If you only have a few charts aboard, you may prefer to use a lined jotter or note book with

a list of the chart numbers in numerical order. Merchant Marine officers may prefer to use a card index system based on folio content. A sophisticated computer program can be adapted to accommodate this information. You can use Admiralty Digital Notices to Mariners (ADNM) (see Annex), or the outfit management services of an International Admiralty Chart Agent (IACA).

Whichever system is used, it is vital that an up-to-date record is maintained of all corrections affecting all charts held. Without such a record it is very easy to lose track of where you are up to in the correcting process. If this happens, the process will become chaotic and you are likely to miss several notices.

13. NP 234 This is the "Cumulative List of Admiralty Notices to Mariners" which is published with the Weekly ANM twice a year: The first is published in January and includes all ANM numbers published during the previous two years. The July edition includes all the ANM numbers published during the previous two and a half years. It also contains the latest edition dates for all charts in the British Admiralty series. It is a very useful tool for checking the accuracy of your record of corrections. It is the only source of information when you are setting up an ANM record system for the first time. 14. Chart 5011 This is a booklet entitled "Symbols and Abbreviations used on Admiralty Charts" but it is still known and recognised by its old chart number. It explains every symbol used on Admiralty charts and should be used as a guide during the correcting process. NB. 5011 is a correctable publication and should be updated from ANMs when necessary.

Chapter 2

Notices to Mariners (1): Information available from the Weekly Edition of Admiralty Notices to Mariners. On the front cover there is reference to Copyright, H102 (Hydrographic Notes), The Mariners Handbook (NP 100) and important Fax/Telex numbers.

Section I It is strongly recommended that you read thoroughly the "EXPLANATORY NOTES" and comments on "THE USE OF CHARTS AND ASSOCIATED PUBLICATIONS".

Geographical Index. This index gives you a quick reference to those pages dealing with corrections to charts in a particular geographical area. Index Pages. On receipt of the Weekly Edition you should look at the Index of Charts affected by the Admiralty Notices to Mariners (ANMs) and compare it with your stock record to identify those charts to be corrected. The appropriate ANM number(s) should be inserted against the affected chart in your NP 133A or other record as explained in Chapter 1. All ANMs are in numerical order but a glance at the Index of Notices on the previous page will identify the appropriate page number for a particular ANM. Some International/Admiralty Chart Agents (IACAs/ACAs) can supply lists of correction numbers tailored to your charts aboard.

Section II The beginning of this section contains information regarding the publication and availability of New Charts (NCs) and Publications and New Editions (NEs) of existing charts and publications. It is important to monitor this information in case you should be left with an out-of-date edition of a chart which has been superseded by a new version. When you receive a NC/NE, you must des-troy the old superseded copies immediately. It is dangerous to use an out-of-date edition of a chart.

New Admiralty Charts and Publications. This paragraph contains a list of New Charts and Publications published in the last week. They are available from Admiralty Chart Agents.

New Editions of Admiralty Charts and Publications. This is a list of New Editions of existing charts and publications which have been published during the previous week. They are available from Admiralty Chart Agents.

Additions to the ARCS Series. This list comprises those charts most recently adopted into the Admiralty Raster Chart Service (ARCS). Admiralty Charts to be published. A list of charts to be published as New Charts or New Editions of existing charts on a certain date in the future. They will be available from Admiralty Chart Agents on this date. Admiralty Publications to be published. This is a list of New Admiralty publications and New Editions of existing publications to be published on a certain date in the future, and which will be available from Admiralty Chart Agents on this date. Revised publication dates. This paragraph revises the publication date of a chart or publication which has been announced in previous weeks. A reason for any delay is given. Admiralty Charts and Publications permanently witbdrawn. As a result of the publication of a New Chart or New Publication, certain other charts or publications of the same geographical area may be cancelled and withdrawn. It is important that you destroy the cancelled copies as soon as you receive the new copy. From time to time there will be a paragraph entitled Revised UK Recommended Retail Prices (RRP(UK)). It will advise you of the latest revised price of Admiralty Charts and Publications and the date this will take effect. Finally, when it is necessary, there will be an announcement under the heading Admiralty Chart Agent Information to show the appointment of new Admiralty Chart Agents, the termination of appointments and any changes in the address or contact details. In addition to information provided on Hydrographic Publications, every quarter e.g. the end of March, June, September, December, an ANM is published which lists the current editions of:

(1) Admiralty Sailing Directions and their latest Supplements; (2) Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals; (3) Admiralty List of Radio Signals; (4) Admiralty Tidal Publications.

This information is also contained in the Cumulative List of Admiralty Notices to Mariners (NP 234), which is published every six months. Erratum. Occasionally, at the end of section 11, corrections to textual errors which have occurred in earlier Weekly editions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners will appear. Corrections. The first correction of the Weekly edition refers to miscellaneous chart corrections which normally arise because of the publication of a New Chart or New Edition.

For example, the legend 'See Chart...' may have to be inserted on a chart covering the same area as a new chart now covers or deleted because the chart referred to has been withdrawn. Alternatively, chart limits may need to be inserted or altered on Metric charts. See Chapter 3: "Notices to Mariners (2)" for a more detailed description of ANMs. The remaining ANMs appear in numerical order and geographical order as listed in Section 1 of your ANM. They will include an edited version of selected Australian (AUS) and New Zealand (NZ) Notices to Mariners. A full listing of all AUS/NZ NMs can be found in Section IIA. Temporary and Preliminary ANMs. These are shown by (T) or (P) after the ANM number but see the explanatory notes inside the cover of the Weekly edition. Temporary Notices may be issued to warn of temporary changes in aids to navigation or to warn you of hazards of a temporary nature eg. a naval exercise, exploratory drilling, dredging, etc.. Preliminary Notices may contain the latest information about a new development eg. harbour works, or a bridge under construction. These may provide you with 1) advanced notice of changes about to take place, 2) an outline of changes found in an examination of a new survey or 3) a foreign chart which will later be promul.~ated by block correction or urgent New Edition. These notices are placed at the end of this section and printed only on one side of the page so that you can cut them out and paste them in your notebook for ready reference. The information contained in Ts and Ps is important navigational information which should be inserted onto your charts in pencil and the number of the ANM inserted against the affected chart number in your records. Once a month a list is published which contains all Ts and Ps in force.

Section IIA Since the publication of Weekly Edition 9 dated 6th March 1993, it has been the practice to edit the texts of Australian and New Zealand NMs and publish them as British Admiralty NMs. However, for those who require to know the full details for all Australian and New Zealand NMs, there is an unabridged version of these produced in this Section. Section III Navigational Warnings. See the note at the start of this section of the Weekly Edition. More details regarding this information can be found in the Annual Notices number 13 and the Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 3. Annual Notice number 13 reads as follows. World-Wide Navigational Warning Service World Meteorological Organization. Section 1, World-Wide Navigational Warning Service. The World-Wide Navigational Warning Service MWNWS), established through the joint efforts of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), is a co-ordinated global

service for the promulgation of navigational hazard warnings by radio. A document giving guidance and information on the Service is available free from the International Hydrographic Bureau (IHB), B.P 345 Monte Carlo, Monaco. Navigational warnings are designed to give the mariner early information of important incidents which may constitute a danger to navigation. Many navigational warnings are of a temporary nature, but others remain in force for several weeks and may be succeeded by Notices to Mariners (NM). Navigational warnings are of three types: NAVAREA warnings, Coastal warnings and Local warnings. The language used in both NAVAREA and Coastal warnings is invariably English, although warnings may be transmitted in one or more of the official languages of the United Nations. NAVAREA Warnings For the purpose of the WWNWS the world is divided into 16 geographical sea areas termed NAVAREAS and identified by Roman numerals. The authority charged with collating and issuing long-range navigational warnings to cover the, whole: of an area is called the Navarea Co-ordinator. The limits, Navarea Co-ordinator and transmitting stations of each NAVAREA are given in the Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 3 (ALRS 3), where times, frequencies and other relevant information will be found. The type of information which might-be contained in NAVAREA warnings includes failure of and changes to major navigational aids, newly discovered wrecks or natural hazards in or near main shipping lanes and areas where Search And Rescue (SAR), anti-pollution operations, cable-laying or other underwater activities are taking place. NAVAREA warnings will normally be sufficient for a vessel passing through main shipping lanes clear of the coast. Transmissions are arranged such that there is at least one broadcast during each normal radio watch in any 24 hours (six broadcasts per day) over terrestrial radio (VHF, MF, and HF). However as shipping converts to the Global Maritime Distress and Safety Service (GMDSS), this information is shifting to VHF for Local warnings, NAVTEX for Coastal warnings and SafetyNET for NAVAREA warnings. The GMDSS is due to become fully operational on 1 February 1999. Details of these services are given in ALRS Volumes 3 and 5. The information in these transmissions is repeated with varying frequency as time passes until either the danger has ceased or the information has been adequately promulgated elsewhere.

You are reminded that these warnings are of urgent navigational importance when you are sailing in the geographical areas affected by them.

Section IV Corrections to Admiralty Sailing Directions (SDs). These publications help you to understand the information on the chart so it is important to record any changes to the text. If a Supplement for any SD has been published you should correct the Supplement using this information. It is printed on one side of the page so that you can cut it out and stick it in the appropriate place. At the end of each calendar month a list is published of all Corrections to Admiralty Sailing Directions which are in force. Section V Corrections to Admiralty List of Lights and Fog signals (LLs). Each week there are changes affecting the volumes of LLs. These changes are reflected in the chart corrections. It is important to have the complete details of a light or fog signal which may not be shown on the chart if that chart is not the largest scale of the area. This information is printed on one side of the page so that you can cut it out and stick it in the affected volume.

Between Sections V and VI you will find Notes or Blocks associated with the corrections listed in Section II. There is also a copy of a Hydrographic Note (H102) and a Hydrographic Note for Port Information (H 102 a) for your use if you find any information of navigational importance which is not already on your chart.

Section VI Corrections to Admiralty List-of Radio Signals (ALRS). Equally important is the information contained in these volumes. The weekly list of alterations will supply up to date information and you must correct your volumes of ALRS accordingly.

Chapter 3

Notices to Marines (2): Corrections The text of an ANM always follows the same format:

a. The ANM number in the current year which should be recorded at the bottom left hand comer of the

chart after you have corrected the chart. b. The title of the correction includes the geographical area or country, a more specific region or port,

and the nature of the correction. c. The text of the correction comes next. Be careful when noting positions. Latitude and longitude can

be shown in minutes ( ' ) and seconds ( " ) OR minutes and decimal minutes depending on the chart graduation. The above example shows both.

d. The charts affected include basic and latticed versions. You will note that not all charts are affected

by the entire ANM; the parts of the ANM which do apply to a particular chart are shown in rounded brackets []. The square brackets contain the previous correction number or New Edition/Publication date for that chart.

The following points should be noted:

(1) Charts are listed according to scale with the largest scale first. (2) If the information contained in the square brackets does not agree with the information on

your chart, you are missing one or more NMs or you are using an old edition. You should always insert the missing NMs onto the chart before correcting the chart for the latest ANM.

NB. Tracings should always be filed by chart number. That way all the relevant information for any particular chart is kept together and, if that chart is cancelled or replaced by a New Edition/New Chart, all the old tracings relating to that chart can be destroyed.

e. When the correction affects a light and/or radio signal, the relevant Admiralty List of Lights and/or Admiralty List of Radio Signals volume and the appropriate number will be shown.

f. The source of the information and the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) reference in

brackets.

Chapter 4

Now to correct your charts The principles, practices and conventions of chart correction are illustrated by the following examples. Though reference is made to the tracing in the examples given, always refer to the Admiralty Notice to Mariners which is the source document. By reading the ANM whilst looking at the chart in question you will avoid the risk of deleting information which otherwise could have been used to complement the new information being inserted. Always insert information before you delete any information. It should be noted that a tracing is only a guide to illustrate the correction and to pin-point a position. It should NOT be copied faithfully onto a chart as many of the symbols are printer's symbols used to instruct the printer or the chart plate maker. The following examples will point out mistakes which can be made if the information you are inserting on the chart is copied from a :racing. A tracing is a tool only to be used to position a correction accurately and quickly. There is not an example of a Block correction. You are expected to stick it as well as you can onto -he affected chart. It is important to remember to cut off the enclosing black line around the limits of the area of the block before sticking it onto the chart. On Admiralty charts there is at least 3mm i nside the line with no new information on it. See recommended method in Chapter 1 sub paragraph 5. When you are correcting your charts you may be distracted. This will interrupt your concentration. You must take steps to prevent such interruptions causing you to make mistakes on your charts. The following procedure will help you avoid making mistakes..

1. Using the information in the ANM (in conjunction with the tracing if you have it) apply the correction to the chart.

2. Check what you have done.

3. When you are satisfied that you have correctly followed the instructions of the ANM (and only then) write the ANM number in the bottom left hand corner of the chart as a record of the completed correction. It is dangerous to apply the correction number in the bottom left hand corner of the chart before you have corrected the chart. Now you can cross through the ANM number adjacent to the chart in your NP 133A or similar record.

For further advice you should ask your Admiralty Chart Agent.

Final Notes The examples shown in this booklet are by no means exhaustive but are thought to be sufficient to illustrate the principles involved. When you are correcting your charts you should try to achieve the very highest standards of draughtsmanship in keeping with those inherent in the Admiralty Chart so that you can read the information clearly. Above all: positions must be exact depths and symbols must be clear legends and descriptions must be readable Remember, you may have to read and understand corrections under a dim red light in the teeth of a force 10 storm. Your life and others could depend upon it. It is important that the task of chart correcting is taken seriously and that the highest standards are maintained.

Examples

EXAMPLE 1 916 SOUTH AMERICA, East Coast - Argentina - Rio de La Plata - Puerto de la Plata - Buoy Delete green conical light-buoy, FI.G.5s 34' 47'.9S., 57 5 Y.7W Chart [Last correction]- 1751 (plan, Puerto de La Plata) [ 625197 ] Argentinian Notice 1/8/97 (HH. 65114 2 0105). This is one of the most simple of all corrections: a small deletion. Using a 0.2/0.25 nib, draw a line through the light description and two lines (at an angle) through the buoy. It is important to delete the "G" below the buoy (denoting the colour of the buoy) separately. For those who have access to chart correction overlays /tracings, you will note that in every example the tracing is only a guide to position the correction. The correction should never be copied onto the chart as it is shown on the tracing.

EXAMPLE 2

1193 SOUTH AMERICA, East Coast - Rio de La Plata - Punta del Este Southwestwards – Wreck

Substitute for 35o 14'.0S ; 55o 18'.3 W Chart [Last correction].- 3064 [ 997/97 ] Uruguayan Notice 11/160/96 (HH. 6521420102). Another easy correction. Draw a small circle in the centre of the dangerous wreck. Then draw a symbol for a stranded wreck close by.Draw an arrow from the small circle at the bottom of the stranded wreck symbol to the circle denoting its position within the dangerous wreck symbol. Do not forget to write the number of the Notice to Mariners in the bottom left hand corner of your chart.

EXAMPLE 3

972 MEDITERRANEAN SEA - France, South Coast - Golfe de Fréjus - Port Férréol - Rock; Beacon

Substitute for starboard-hand beacon with topmark 43o 21'.66 N ; 006o 43o'.20 E. Chart [Last correction].- 2166 [ 3710/96 ] French Chart 7408 (HH.3541710102). Here, a dangerous rock with a drying height is replacing a beacon. Draw the rock first and arrow it to the small circle at the bottom of the beacon before you delete the beacon. Remember, an arrow should not exceed 2.5 crns.

EXAMPLE 4

1051 MEDITERRANEAN SEA - Aegean Sea - Greece, East Coast - Nisos tvvoia - 6rmos Kimis – Wreck

Insert (a) 38o 34’.3 N; 024o 11’.6 E. Delete close W. of (a) above Chart [Last correction]- 1085 [ New Chart 2712197] 1087 [ 797/97 ] Greek Notice 12/303/96 (HH.3821470101). Reading the text of this Notice to Mariners you will see that a dangerous wreck has been deleted and another one inserted close east of it. The best way to make this correction is to draw a small circle in the position of the wreck to be inserted and arrow the symbol to be deleted into that position. This way you make use of the existing dangerous wreck symbol.

EXAMPLE 5 1071 CHINA SEA - Hong Kong - Urmston Road - Wreck; Buoy

Insert Wk, least depth 9m (a)22o 23’.11 N; 113o 54’.13 E. (b)22o 23’.10 N; 113o 54’.10 E.

W. cardinal pillar light-buoy, Q(9)15s (c) close W. of (a)/(b) above ..........

Chart [Last correction].- 1919 (INT 5 5 10) (a, c) [ 513/97 ] - 343 (plan, Chiwan and Shekou) (b,c) [ 1070/97 ] Marine Department, Hong Kong (HH. 5501406103). It is always important to cons~lt the Notices to Mariners even when you have a tracing to help you find the position. This is a good example. The important position is the wreck. The buoy marking its position should be drawn as close west of the wreck as possible. As you will see from the text of the notice, the buoy does not have a precise position.

EXAMPLE 6

1292* NORTH SEA - U.K. Sector - Moira Oil Field Southeastwards - Platform; Template; Restricted area Substitute (lighted) 22/5B for: Template, least depth 79m (charts

2182B & 2182C. (lighted) for Template)(a)57o 57’.45 N; 001o 50’.75 E. Insert circular restricted area, radius 500m (0.27M), pecked line, centred on: (b) (a) above

legend, ARMADA GAS FIELD (B. G. Exploration & Production) (charts 2182B & 2182C, legend, Armada Gas Field) (c)close N. of (a)/(b) above

Note: The above correction will be included in New Editions of Charts 2 and 4140 to be published shortly. Chart [Last correction]- 274 [ 490/97 ]-278&L(D2-D6)278[ 1132/97]-291&L(D6)291[ 489/97]- 2182B(INT 1042) & L(D-MC) 2182B (INT 1042) (a,c) [ 1248/97]-2182C (INT 1041) (a,c)[ 1222/97] BG Exploration & Production (HH.254/582/01). The largest proportion of this correction requires you to write (free-hand) a long legend. It is important to write clearly and to distinguish between capital letters and lower case. Try to conform to the style and size of the lettering, and do not write over existing information. Equally important is the legend identifying the platform inside the prohibited area. Make sure ” /5B” does not look like “/58”! When a correction requires you to write legends such as this, it is always prudent to look at other existing examples on the chart and to copy the style which has been adopted. In this example, the left hand portion of the tracing refer to ANM 1293/97 and is not shown.

EXAMPLE 7 1078 JAPAN - Seto Naikai - 1yo Nada - Gunchii - Light Amend light to, F1(2)R. 7s11M 33o 45’.3 N; 132o 41’.8 E. Chart [Last correction].- 3603 [ 3563/96 ] - 2874 [ 806/97 ] Light List Vol. F/96, 5431 Japanese Notice 7/287/97 (HH. 568/424/03). Perhaps the most common correction is to alter the description of a light. In the example, the whole description has been deleted and reinserted; it looks better. It would have been equally correct to have altered only that element of the description to be changed.

EXAMPLE 8 1206 NORTH AMERICA, East Coast - Florida - Port Canaveral - East and Middle Basins - Dredged depths Amend legend to, Middle Basin 32 1/2ft(1996) (see Note) 28o 24’.7 N; 080o 36’.5 W. legend to, East Basin 38ft(1996) (see Note) 28o 24’.9 N., 080o 35’.7 W. Chart [Last correction].- 3692 (plan, Port Canaveral) [ 376/17 ] U.S. Notice 11/11478/97 (HH. 614/640/03). This is a similar correction to example number 7. Rather than change individual numbers, the correction looks better and clearer when the description is deleted and rewritten. Use a 0.25mm nib to delete.

EXAMPLE 9 899 JAPAN - Kyushu, North Coast - Yobuko Ko - Light Insert Fl. G. 3s4M 33o 32’.61 N; 129o 52’.22 E. (end of breakwater) Chart [Last correctionl] – 3514 [ 518/96 ] Light List Vol. F/96, 5266.5 Japanese Notice 5/193/97 (HH.564/401/03). Lights must always be placed in position. They should never be arrowed into position. Be careful when you are writing the light description that you do not cover important information. Light descriptions should always be as close to the light they are describing as possible.

EXAMPLE 10' 1259 BLACK SEA - Romania - Portul Sulina - Radar beacon Insert 45' 08'.92N., 29' 45'.64E. radar beacon, Racon, at light Chart [Last correction].- 2282 (plan, Portul Sulina) [ 1258197 2213 581197 2232 1150197 Light List Vol. E/96, 5034 Admiralty List of Radio Signals Vol. 2, 1997: 7082 (11/97) Romanian Notice 1/14/97 (HH.3981400102). Another simple correction using a circle template. But, do not forget to write the word "Racon"!

EXAMPLE 11 935 NORTH AMERICA, East Coast - Maine - Boon Island Southeastward - Southeasts Shoal - Restricted area Insert circular limit of restricted area, anchoring and fishing prohibited, radius 0-5M, pecked line, centred on: 43' 06'.32N., 70' 27'.15W. Chart [Last correction].- 3676 [ 181197 U.S. Notice 6/13286/97 & U.S. Coast Pilot Corrections (HH. 61414 3 0102). This correction seems to be another like number 10 where you can use a template. If you have a template with a circle precisely this size you are in luck. It may be necessary to use compasses with a pen attachment in order to achieve the exact radius of 0-5M. Make sure that the symbol for a prohibited area does not obliterate other important information. Place the symbols for prohibited fishing and prohibited anchorage in open spaces within the circle. Do not arrow them into position.

EXAMPLE 12 1302 MEDITERRANEAN SEA - Aegean Sea - Samos Strait - Nisos SAmos - KokkArion Northwards - Depths Insert depth 158 m enclosed by 20m contour, with seabed character, R, and extend 50m contour E. to enclose (chart 2682, depth 84 fm enclosed by I Offn contour, with seabed character, R) (a) 37' 47.63N., 26' 52'.85E. Delete depth 38fm close NW. of (a) above Chart [Last correction].- 1526 (plan, Samos Strait) (a) 155197 1057 (a) 3716196 2682 1015197 Greek Notice 1/26/97 (HH. 3831450102). Where it is possible, you should always draw neNVinformation in position. On this occasion, we have drawn the new contour line then added the depth (plus contour) by arrowing it into position. This is done before deleting that part of the contour line which has been replaced. In other examples below, you will see that you can insert the depths in position and then draw the new contours around them.

EXAMPLE 13 1005 NORTH AMERICA, East Coast Florida - Port Everglades - Depths; Wreck Insert depth 12 frn and insert 3fm contour from shore to enclose (a) 26' 04'-453N., 80' 06'-830W. Substitute :- : ED for -v~- Wks PA 26' 04'.37N., 80' 06'.90W. Delete depth 52 fm close E., of (a) above Chart [Last correction].- 3684 (pla n'', Port Everglades) 4087196 U.S. Chart 11470 (HH. 6141645102). Though this is a fairly simple correction, it serves to remind you to draw the new information onto the chart before you delete anything. - For those of you with access to tracings and with reference to the previous correction, you will notice that the new depth does not have a second contour! Graphics on tracings should never be copied faithfully onto the chart. They contain "proof copying" symbols which have to be interpreted. Close examination of these examples will demonstrate this.

EXAMPLE 14 930 NORTH AMERICA, East Coast - South Carolina - Georgetown Southeastwards - Fish havens Tnsert (53) 33' 05'.97N., 79' 00'.82W. (82) (a) 32' 56.77N., 78' 54'.80W. ........... Chart [Last correction].- 2864 [ 466197 2865 (a) 644197 U.S. Notice 8/11531/97 (HH. 61416 70102). Do not be tempted to insert the information 'around' the given position. The position refers ONLY to the fish havens. Draw the fish in the given positions and then add the dotted lines around them. The depths are added close east or west of the position according to the space you have available. The dangerous wreck shown on the right hand side of the tracing is featured in ANM 93 1/97 which is not used in this example.

EXAMPLE 15 1300 MEDITERRANEAN SEA - Adriatic Sea - Italy, East Coast - Approaches to Rimini and Cesenatico - Marine farms;'Buoyage Insert limit of marine farm, pecked line, joining: 44' 14'.OON., 12' 29'.61E. 44' 14.40N., 12' 30'.30E. 44' 13'. 80N., 12' 30'.96E. 44' 13'.40N., 12' 30'.33E. special can light-buoy, Fl. Y3s 44' 13'.80N., 12' 30'.35E. symbol, marine farm (a) 44' 14'-OON., 12' 30'. 15E. limit of marine farm, pecked line, joining: 44'04.28N., 12' 40'.38E. 44' 04'.46N., 12' 40'.75E. 44' 03'.83N., 12' 41.45E. 44' 03'.65N., 12' 41.06E. special can light-bu(~y, Fl. Y I Os 44' 04'.01N., 12' 4 V. 16E. symbol, marine farm 44' 04'.ON., 12' 40'-9E. Chart [Last correction].- 1467 [ 500197 (a) 298, 6 220 (a) 3296196 Italian Notice 2/2.8/97 (HH. 3 701560102). When you draw a marine farm, always draw the fish first. Tt is easier to draw the rest of the symbol around the fi§h.

EXAMPLE 18 853 NORWAY, West Coast - Morsdaisfjorden - Sandhornoya to Stokkbruvika Southwestwards - Submarine cable Insert submarine cable joining: 67' 05'.46N., 14' 02'.70E.(shore) 67' 04'.71N., 14' 01'.38E. 67' 04'-35N., 14' 01'.47E. 67' 03'.94N., 14' 02.20E. 67' 03'.82N., 14' 02'.35E. 67' 03'.82N., 14' 02'.50E.(shore) Chart [Last correction].- 35343597191 Norwegian Notice 2/121/97 (HH. 3101545102). A small submarine cable. An excuse to use your hacksaw blade. Be careful not to draw over existing information. Make sure you break the cable symbol when necessary to avoid doing this.

EXAMPLE 19

1099 CARIBBEAN SEA - Venezuela - Gulf of Paria - Peninsula de Paria - Garza Rks to Macuro and Isla Patos - Rocks; Islets; Depths; Light Insert + (a) 10, 41".65N., 61' 52.85W (b) 10, 41'.53N., 61' 52.65W (c) 10, 4 1'. 19N., 6 1' 52'-76W islet enclosed by danger line with (a)-(c) above (d) 10 41'-05N., 61' 53'-04W. depth 16m. (e) 10, 39'.81N., 61' 53'.77W. depth 178 m 10, 39".ION., 61' 54'.54W 20m contour joining: (g) 10, 3T.95N., 61' 5Y.5OW. (existing contour)

(h) close SE. of (f) above (i) 10' W.70N., 61' 55'.11W. (W. border) 20m. contour joining: (j) 10' 40".OON., 61' 5345W (existing contour) (k) 10' W.15N., 61' 55'.85W. (1) 10' 37.60M, 61' 57.8OW. - (existing contour) islet (m) 10' W.51N., 61' 5V.99W (n) 10, M.46N., 61', 52'-12W. islet, Rocas Paticos (0) 10, 3T.22N., 61' 5Y.2OW. depth 46 m enclosed by 5m. contour (p) 10, 39".16N., 61' 56`42W depth 99 m enclosed by 10m contour (q) 10, 38`.83N., 61' 56".23W. depth 174 M 10, W.45N., 61' 5Y.8OW. Delete depth 82 M (S) close NW. of (c) above depth 165 m (t) close SW. of (c) above 10 m contour within danger line _ (U) (a)-(de) above former 20m contour joining: (v) (g) above (W) 10' 3T.03N., 61' 55'11W (W. border) (X) close N. of (f) above (chart 483, ' *: Rocas Paticos) (y) 0.5M W. of (f) above legend, Rocas Patic6s (Z) adjacent to (x)-(y) above

(aa) close W. of (o) above ~epth 177 M (bb) close SW. of (o) above depth 104M (cc) close SW. of (q) above former ~0m, contour joining: (dd) (j)-(1) above * F1.2s.9M (chart 493 F1) (ee) 10' 3T.25N., 61' 56`.6OW.

* F1 (ffl 10' 39' 15"N., 61' W4YW. + (gg) 10' 39'.IN., 61' 54`.7W depth 1 Of:m (hh) close NE. of (gg) above former damger line (ii) close N. of (d) above

Chart [Last correction]- 484 (a-im,n,s-z,ii) 9Z4/97 1 483 (a-dfj-ru,xyaa-ee) 775197 1 493 (ee,gg,hh)

[ 4070196 1 - 1480 (ffl [ 4070196 1 Venezuelan Chart DHN-604 (HH. 66814 2 0102).

Here is another example of showing the difference between a pecked line and a firm line. In this example the pecked line represents a line enclosing a dangerous area of rocks and small islands. It would be wrong to show this contour as a firm line. With reference to the other part of the correction shown in this example, . please remember to insert the depths of 16 metres and 17.8 metres before you draw the new 20 metre contour line. Do not forget to insert the figure "2V.

EXAMPLE 21 These Notices to Mariners have been included because they can be misunderstood. It is hoped the following explanation will help you to understand the situation.

1787* SCOTLAND, North Coast - Shetland Isles - Mainland - Firth's Voe - Light; Fairway sides Certain copies on y Amend sectors at light, Oc.WRG.8s9m15-10M, as follows: (a) 60' 27.25N., 1' W.50W. W 257o-261o (4o) R 261o - 339o - (78o) Remaining sectors unchanged sectors at light, Oc.WRG. 8s9m 15-1 OM, as follows: (b) (a) above ', W 257o-2610 (4o) R 261' - shore Remaining sectors unchanged Substitute fairway side, pecked line, for fairway side, firm line, joining: (c) 60' 27.37N., lo OW.36W. (existing fairway side) (d) direction 270'/distance 400m Insert fairway side (of Luna Holm light), single pecked line, joining: (e) 60' 27`.51N., 1' W-19W. (existing fairway side) direction 274'/distance 610m Delete former fairway side, Pecked and firm line (g) close S. of (c)-(d) above Chart [Last correction]- 3292 (a,c-g) [ 1353197 1-3298(INT1530)(a,c-g)[ 1353197 1-3282(b)l 1353197 1-1233 (INT 1500) (b) [ 1353197 Light List Vol. A/97, 3812 Hydrographic Office (HH.2701420102). "Certain Copies only" is alegend which appears from time to time. It means that some charts have already been corrected for information contained in the Notice to Mariners. Perhaps there was a reprint of the chart which had included the latest information in advance of the publication date of the Notice to Mariners. For whatever reason, it is important to know that you must always write the number of the Notice to Mariners in the bottom left hand corner of the chart even when your chart contains the information reported in the Notice to Mariners. 37 NORWAY Withdrawal of Decca Navig~ational System - Closure of Chain OE/MP (Vestlandet) Insert legend, 1997 - 37, at list of Small corrections (a) bottom left corner of chart the accompanying note, DECCA, centred on: (b) 60o 1Y.ON., Oo 12~.0E. (c) 59' 39`.ON., 0' 30`.OW. (d) 57' 05'.ON., 2o 37'.OW. (e) 57' 30`.ON., 0' 3W.OW. Chart [Last correction]- 1119 (INT 1501) (a) & L(DO-D6) 1119 (INT 1501) (b) [ 3845196 ] - 219 (INT 1060) (a) &

L(DO-D6) 219 (INT 1060) (c) [ 4179196 1- 2182B (INT 1042) (a) & L(D-MC) 2182B (INT 1042) (d) [ 4199196 ] - 245 - (a) & L(D-MC) 245 (e) [ New Edition 1111196 Admiralty List of Radio Signals Vol. 2, 1996: p273 (36196) NODECA (HH.3081065101).

DECCA The Norwegian Decca Chain OE/MP (Vestlandet) has ceased operation. All lanes, labels and references to the chain should be disregarded.

Likewise, there is a phrase known to chart correctors as "Date plate only". It means that no change to the content of the chart is necessary but there is a requirement to write the number of the Notice to Mariners in the bottom left hand corner of the chart. A good example of this is shown here where the correction only affects the latticed version of the chart. But, so that there can be no confusion in the future with the previous small correction number, the NM in both versions is maintained the same. The same base plate is used to print both versions of the chart.

1121* NOTICES TO MARINERS - Introduction of MOVE command and explanation of terms Following a review the command MOVE is re-introduced into Notices to Mariners. An explanation of the various commands used is summarised below: The main text of the correction starts with one of the following five commands, usually in the order shown:

(a) INSERT is to be used for the insertion of all new data or, together with the DELETE command (see (e) below), when a feature has moved position sufficiently that the MOVE command (see (d) below) is not appropriate. For example: Delete feature and Insert in a different position. Note: The exact text to be written on a chart by insertion will appear in Italics in the printed notice.

(b) AMEND is to be used when a feature remains in its existing charted position but has a change of characteristic, for example: Amend light to, F1.3s25m10W 32` W.90S., 60' 54.18E. When only the range of a light changes then it is sufficient to state: Amend range of light to, ]OM 32' 36`.90S., 60' 54'48E. *

(c) SUBSTITUTE is to be used when one feature replaces an existing feature and the position remains as charted. The new feature is always to be shown first, for example: Substitute:. for ~+ (where is the new feature)

(d) MOVE is to be used for features whose characteristics/descriptions remain unchanged, but they are to be moved small distances (the rule of thumb will be within a radius of 2.5cm from the previous charted position), for example: Move starboard-hand conicil buoy from: 56' OW.62N., 4' 46'47W. to: 56' OW.93N., 4' W.85W.

(e) DELETE is to be used when features are tJ be removed from the chart or, together with the INSERT command (see (a) above), when features are moved a significant distance such that the MOVE command is inappropriate.

Nofe: This notice will be incorporated in an Annual Notice to MarineTs. in due course. Hydrographic Office (HA.90310011001101). This Notice to Mariners has been included because of its topical interest. You should note that at (c) it would be perfectly correct to add a dotted line around the symbol for a non-dangerous wreck, thus using the existing information.

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