Psychological Testing

Chapter 13

Characteristics Of Psychological Tests

Section 1

Test Reliability Reliability- the ability of a test to give the same

results under similar conditions

There are three ways of determining reliability. 1. Test-Retest 2. Scorer/Interscorer 3. Split-Half Reliability

Test Validity Validity- the ability of a test to measure what it is

intended to measure How well does it predict performance?

Standardization Tests must be administered and scored the same

way every time.

They must have established norms. Percentile System- ranking of test scores that indicates

the ratio of scores lower and higher than a given score

Norms- standard of comparison for test results developed by giving the test to large, well-defined groups of people

Personality TestingSection 2

Personality Testing Assesses an individual’s characteristics and identifies

problems

They can be objective or projective. Objective tests- a limited or forced choice test in which

a person must select one of several answers Projective tests- an unstructured test in which a

person is asked to respond freely, giving his or her own interpretation of various ambiguous stimuli

Myers-Briggs Indicator Type Test Results

ESTJ(The Supervisor)

Use logic and organization of the facts to get tasks done

Management, Administration, Law Enforcement

Similar Celebrities George W. Bush Nolan Ryan Judge Judy Princess Leia Dr. Laura Schlesinger Lucy (Peanuts Character)

ESFP(The Entertainer/Performer)

Use outgoing nature and enthusiasm to help people with practical needs

Health Care, Teaching, Child Care, Skilled Trades

Similar Celebrities Bob Hope Goldie Hawn Kyle Petty Magic Johnson Charles Barkley Bill Clinton Penny (The Big Bang Theory)

INFP(The Idealist/Healer)

Use creativity to honor or support their values

Counseling, Writing, Arts

Similar Celebrities Helen Keller Fred Rogers (Mister Rogers) James Taylor Amy Tan Frodo Baggins Calvin (Calvin and Hobbes)

ISTJ(The Investigator/Inspector)

Use attention to detail to get the job done

Management, Administration, Accounting, Law Enforcement

Similar Celebrities Queen Elizabeth II Harry Truman Evander Holyfield Jack Nicklaus Cliff Clavin (Cheers) Captain Spock

ISFP(The Artisan/Composer)

Use gentle nature and attention to detail, in service-related positions

Health Care, Business, Law Enforcement

Similar Celebrities Mozart Neil Simon Paul McCartney Paul Pierce Brooke Shields Harry Potter

ENTJ(The CEO)

Use analysis, strategic planning, and organization to get tasks completed

Management, Leadership

Similar Celebrities Napoleon Bonaparte Richard M. Nixon Sigourney Weaver Margaret Thatcher Alan Greenspan Mr. Miyagi

ESTP(The Opportunist/Promoter)

Take action, work hands-on and attend to details

Marketing, Skilled Trades, Business, Law Enforcement

Similar Celebrities Ernest Hemingway Lucille Ball Pedro Martinez Eddie Murphy Madonna James Bond Donald Trump

ENFJ(The Educator/Teacher)

Help others with their emotional, intellectual, and spiritual growth

Religion, Arts, Teaching

Similar Celebrities Diane Sawyer Oprah Winfrey Martin Luther King, Jr. Lauren Graham (Gilmore Girls) Ben Affleck Yoda

INTJ(The

Inventor/Mastermind) Use intellectual creativity and technical knowledge to

conceptualize, analyze, and get tasks done

Scientific/Technical Field, Computers, Law

Similar Celebrities Ulysses S. Grant Arnold Schwarzenegger Rudy Giuliani Donald Rumsfeld General Colin Powell Batman

ISTP(The Athlete/Crafter)

Work hands-on with data or things and analyze

Skilled Trades, Agriculture, Law Enforcement, Military, Technical Fields

Similar Celebrities Ted Williams Bruce Lee Roger Clemens Larry Bird Michael Jordan Allen Iverson Han Solo

INFJ(The Wordsmith/Counselor)

Facilitate others’ emotional, intellectual or spiritual development

Religion, Counseling, Teaching, Arts

Similar Celebrities Aristophanes Mohandas Gandhi Eleanor Roosevelt Michael Landon Queen Noor Professor Dumbledore

ENTP(The Strategizer)

Continuously take on new challenges and solve problems

Science, Management, Technology, Arts

Similar Celebrities Benjamin Franklin Walt Disney Red Auerbach Vin Baker Bugs Bunny Willy Wonka

ESFJ(The Facilitator/Provider) Use their personal concern to provide service to others

Education, Health Care, Religion

Similar Celebrities George Washington Barbara Walters Terry Bradshaw Mary Tyler Moore Sally Field Monica (Friends) Truman

ENFP(The

Motivator/Champion) Use creativity and communication to foster growth in

others

Counseling, Teaching, Religion, Arts

Similar Celebrities Dave Thomas (Wendy's) Meg Ryan Regis Philbin Dr. Doug Ross (ER) Ariel (The Little Mermaid) Marty McFly

INTP(The Logician/Architect)

Apply objective analysis of problems and technical expertise in solitary environment

Scientific or Technical Fields

Similar Celebrities Socrates Charles Darwin Albert Einstein Mikhail Baryshnikov Nelson Mandela Steven Spielberg Gandalf

ISFJ(The Assistant/Protector) Personally help people behind the scenes

Education, Health Care, Religious Settings

Similar Celebrities Louisa May Alcott David Copperfield Ophelia (Hamlet) Johnny Carson Jerry Seinfeld Jiminy Cricket

Rorschach Ink Blot Tests

Measuring Achievement,

Abilities, & InterestsSection 3

Aptitude Tests Aptitude Tests- estimates the probability that a

person will be successful in learning a specific new skill I.e. ACT, SAT

Achievement Tests Achievement Tests- measures how much a person

has learned in a given subject or area, not just their innate abilities

Interest Inventory Interest Inventory- measures a person’s preferences

and attitudes in a wide variety of activities to identify areas of likely success

Intelligence TestingSection 4

Intelligence The ability to acquire new ideas and new behavior,

and to adapt to new situations

Views Of Intelligence1. Two-Factor Theory Of Intelligence- proposes that a person’s intelligence is composed of a general ability level and specific mental abilities

2. L.L. Thurston believed that intelligence is composed of seven abilities and should not be a measurement of one factor.

3. Howard Gardner believed that testing pure logic omits other skills. He believed in eight intelligences (Verbal, Logical, Musical, Body, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalist).

Views Of Intelligence Cont.

4. Triarchic Theory- proposes that a person’s intelligence involves analytical, creative, and practical thinking skills

5. Emotional Intelligence- interpersonal and intrapersonal abilities needed to understand and use knowledge of emotions effectively

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

Intelligence-Quotient (IQ)- standardized measure of intelligence based on a scale in which 100 is average

IQ= (Mental Age/Chronological Age) X 100

The Wechsler Tests Yield percentile scores in several areas (vocabulary,

information, arithmetic, picture arrangement, etc.)

Separate IQ scores for different abilities

Gives a more detailed picture

Uses & Meanings OfIQ Scores

Measure the ability to solve certain problem types

Do not directly measure the ability to pose problems or question the validity of problems

Controversy Over IQ Testing

Nature Vs. Nurture

Cultural Bias- an aspect of intelligence test in which the wording used in questions may be more familiar to people of one social group than to another group