Chapter 8: The Spirit of Reform

Section 1: Jacksonian America 1829-1837

Essential Essential Question:Question:Essential Essential Question:Question:

Champion of Champion of the the

“Common Man”?“Common Man”?

““King”King”Andrew?Andrew?OROR

First Known First Known Painting Painting

of Jackson, 1815of Jackson, 1815

First Known First Known Painting Painting

of Jackson, 1815of Jackson, 1815

General Jackson General Jackson During the During the

Seminole WarsSeminole Wars

General Jackson General Jackson During the During the

Seminole WarsSeminole Wars

The Common Man’sThe Common Man’sPresidential CandidatePresidential Candidate

The Common Man’sThe Common Man’sPresidential CandidatePresidential Candidate

1828 Election 1828 Election ResultsResults

1828 Election 1828 Election ResultsResults

Voting Voting Requirements Requirements in the Early 19cin the Early 19c

Voting Voting Requirements Requirements in the Early 19cin the Early 19c

Increased Increased Democratization?Democratization?

Increased Increased Democratization?Democratization?

3 White male suffrage increased- no White male suffrage increased- no property restrictions property restrictions

3 Caucus vs. national nominating Caucus vs. national nominating conventionconvention

3 Spoils system? Party loyalty and Spoils system? Party loyalty and support support

3 Rise of Third Parties- Whigs Rise of Third Parties- Whigs (England-limit power of King)(England-limit power of King)

3 Popular campaigning (parades, Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)rallies, floats, etc.)

3 Two-party system returned in the Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:1832 election:

Dem-Reps Dem-Reps Natl. Reps.(1828) Natl. Reps.(1828) WhigsWhigs (1832) (1832) Republicans (1854)Republicans (1854)

Democrats (1828)Democrats (1828)

The Reign of “King The Reign of “King Mob”Mob”

The Reign of “King The Reign of “King Mob”Mob”

The Nullification Crisis

• • Thinks South pays for North’s prosperity; cotton prices low

• Calhoun devises nullification theory:

- states can reject laws they consider unconstitutional

- states have right to leave Union if nullification denied

British try to flood U.S. with cheap goods; tariff raised 1824, 1828

• Vice-president John C. Calhoun calls 1828 Tariff of Abominations

The The Webster-Webster-Hayne DebateHayne DebateThe The Webster-Webster-Hayne DebateHayne Debate

Sen. Daniel Sen. Daniel WebsterWebsterUnionUnion[MA][MA]

Sen. Robert Sen. Robert

HayneHayneStates’ States’ RightsRights[SC][SC]

South Carolina Rebels

• South Carolina declares 1828, 1832 tariffs null; threatens to secede

• Congress passes Force Bill: can use army, navy against S. Carolina

• Henry Clay proposes tariff that lowers duties over 10 years

Jacksonian Opposition

• Jackson Opposes the Bank• Jackson vetoes bill to re-charter Second Bank of the

United States• Presents bank as privileged institution that favors the

wealthy• Pet Banks• Jackson puts federal money in state banks loyal to

Democratic Party• Whig Party Forms• People unhappy with Jackson form Whig Party, back

American System

1832 1832 CartooCartoo

nn

1832 1832 CartooCartoo

nn

Essential Essential Question:Question:Essential Essential Question:Question:

Champion of Champion of the the

“Common Man”?“Common Man”?

““King”King”Andrew?Andrew?OROR

Results of the Results of the Specie CircularSpecie CircularResults of the Results of the Specie CircularSpecie Circular

$ Banknotes loose their Banknotes loose their value.value.

$ Land sales plummeted.Land sales plummeted.

$ Credit not available.Credit not available.

$ Businesses began to Businesses began to fail.fail.

$ Unemployment rose.Unemployment rose.The Panic of 1837!The Panic of 1837!

The 1836 Election The 1836 Election ResultsResultsThe 1836 Election The 1836 Election ResultsResults

Dem- Martin Van Dem- Martin Van BurenBuren

““Old Old Kinderhook”Kinderhook”[O. K.][O. K.]

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal3 Jackson’s GoalJackson’s Goal??

3 1830 1830 Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act

3 Cherokee Nation v. GACherokee Nation v. GA (1831)(1831) ** “domestic dependent “domestic dependent nation”nation”

3 Worcester v. GAWorcester v. GA (1832)(1832)

3 Jackson:Jackson: John Marshall has made John Marshall has made hishis decision, now let him decision, now let him enforce enforce it! it!

The Cherokee The Cherokee Nation After 1820Nation After 1820

The Cherokee The Cherokee Nation After 1820Nation After 1820

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal

Trail of Tears Trail of Tears (1838-1839)(1838-1839)Trail of Tears Trail of Tears (1838-1839)(1838-1839)