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Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1

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Page 1: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization

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Page 2: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Journal – page 255

1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19th century and early 20th century?

2. What part of Europe did they come from? 3. Where else? 4. Where did immigrants have to pass

through to be admitted to the U.S.? 5. Why did Nativists clash with new

immigrants? 6. How were Asian immigrants treated by the

U.S. government?

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Page 3: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s2d3kkP1rg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ns-qtoxnAS8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RVggUxEgv5k

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADmX9eMEV9U

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubT-Bm36L2U

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Page 4: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Assignment

Write a letter Imagine what it would

be like to be an immigrant in America in the late 1800s

Pick a country and create an appropriate name

Answer all of the questions in your letter

3-4 sentences for each paragraph

Paragraph 1 1. Why did you come to America? 2. How did you enter the U.S.? Paragraph 2 3. What challenges are you

facing? 4. Are there other immigrant

groups facing greater challenges? Who?

Paragraph 3 5. Where do you live? What is it

like? 6. Describe your encounter with

nativists and others with anti-immigrant feelings?

* Reference the movie clips, notes, and textbook

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Page 5: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Section 1: The New Immigrants

Why do immigrants leave their homeland?

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Page 6: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Through the “Golden Door”

Famine + land shortagesreligious persecution -> pogroms in RussiaPop. in Europe doubledRevolts in Europe“birds of passage” Are there more jobs in America?Europeans

1870-1920 -> 20 million Before 1890 -> western + northern 1907 -> 1 million from Italy, Austria-Hungary, Russia

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Page 7: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Through the “Golden Door”

Chinese 1851 – 1883 ->

300,000 Gold in California Transcontinental

railroad

Japanese Hawaii planters (sugar

cane + pineapples) U.S. annexes Hawaii in

1898 1920 -> 200,000 lived

in West Coast

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Page 8: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

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Page 9: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

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Page 10: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Through the “Golden Door”

1880 – 1920260,000 immigrants arrived in eastern and

southeastern U.S West Indies: Jamaica, Cuba, P. Rico, Mexicans -> work, political turmoil

1902 National Reclamation Act -> new farmland in U.S.

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Page 11: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Life in the New Land

Steamship -> 1 week from Europe, 3 from AsiaSteerage -> in the ship’s cargo -> crowded ->

diseasesEllis Island

Immigration station in NYC Harbor 2 % denied entrance Physical examination (tuberculosis) -> govt. inspector ->

no felony convictions, able to work, some money + language skills, draw a diamond

17 millionAngel Island

San Francisco 50,000 Chinese Harsh questioning, long detention,

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Page 12: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

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Page 13: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

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Page 14: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

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Page 15: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

What now?

Where to live? Job? New language + cultureImmigrants stuck togetherBuild churches, synagogues, newspapers“Hyphenated” AmericansGeneration Gap -> Children were eager to fit

in

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Page 16: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Assignment

Write a letter Imagine what it would be like to be an

immigrant in America in the late 1800sDescribe your feelings, observations,

challenges Pick a country, make up an appropriate name1 paragraph – feelings1 paragraph – observations1 paragraphs – challengesExtra Credit: Image on the back Be creative

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Page 17: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Immigration Restrictions17

Page 18: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Immigration Restrictions

Nativism – favoritism towards native-born Americans Anglo-Saxons were superior Right immigrants = British, German, Scandinavian Wrong = Slav, Latin, Asiatic, Catholics, Jews 1897 – Congress passes literacy test for immigrants Anti-Asian sentiment

Depression of 1873 Labor groups pressured govt. Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) – no Chinese immigrants for ten

years San Francisco – segregated Japanese in school

Gentlemen’s Agreement (1907-1908) -> T. Roosevelt + Japan -> limit unskilled emigrants -> desegregate schools

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Page 19: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

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Page 20: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

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Page 21: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Section 2: The Challenges of Urbanization

urbanization = growth of citiesCities = cheap + available industrial jobsNatural and economic disasters in EuropeFarming technology improves-> fewer farm

jobs -> 200,000 African Americans (from the South) migrate to cities

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Page 22: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Americanization Movement

Assimilate immigrants into the dominant culture

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Page 23: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

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Page 24: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

New York City24

Page 25: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

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Page 26: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

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Page 27: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

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Page 28: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

The main goal of the ____________ Movement was to help immigrants _____________ into the dominant culture by teaching them _______________.

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Page 29: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Housing

Row houses – single-family living spaces that shared side walls with other similar houses

1879 NYC laws -> minimum standards for plumbing/ventilation

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Page 30: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Urban Problems

1879 NYC laws -> minimum standards for plumbing/ventilation

Mass transit – transportation systems designed to move large numbers of people along fixed routes

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Page 31: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

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Page 32: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

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Page 33: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

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Page 34: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Urban Problems

Water No access to safe water chlorination (1908)

Sanitation Horse manure, sewage, factory smoke, 1900 – sewer

lines + sanitation departments created

Crime 1844 – NYC first full-time police force -> little impact

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Page 35: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

1871 – 100,000 people left homeless, 17,500 buildings destroyed

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Page 36: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

__________ houses were living spaces that shared __________ with other houses.

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Page 37: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Journal 11/5

Chose one of the urban problems and write a one paragraph solution to the problem

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Page 38: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Reformers

Social Gospel movement -> salvation through service to the poor

Settlement houses -> community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance (usually to immigrants)

Jane Adams – Hull House

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Page 39: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Social reformers founded ___________ houses to help the ____________ poor.

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Page 40: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Section 3: Politics in the Gilded Age

The Political Machine An organized group that controlled the activities of a

political party in a city Offered services to voters and businesses in exchange

for political or financial support Local precinct workers/captains tried to gain voters’

support -> reported to ward boss -> ward boss secured the vote in the electoral district -> ward bosses gained votes by helping the poor

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Page 41: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

The Political Machine

Political boss Boss could be a mayor Controlled access to municipal (community) jobs, business

licenses, influenced the courts Solved urban problems (built schools, sewer systems) ->

gained voters loyalty -> extend their influence

Immigrants and the Machine Captains and bosses = first or second-generation

immigrants Helped with naturalization, housing, jobs Gained votes “Big Jim” Pedergast -> Irish-American -> Democratic city

boss in Kansas City

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Page 42: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Municipal Graft and Scandal

Fraud – fake names used to vote Graft – illegal use of political influence for personal gain

Help a person find work on construction project -> political machine asks the worker to charge the city more than the actual cost -> worker “kicks back” money to the political machine

Political machines grant favors (gambling) to businesses for money

Police force hired by political bosses William M. Tweed (Boss Tweed) -> head of Tammany Hall

1871-> NYC Democratic political machine NYC Court House -> $13 million for taxpayers -> actual

cost was $3 million

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Page 43: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Thomas Nast’s Political Cartoons

1. Under Tammany tiger’s victim is a torn paper that reads “LAW.” What is its significance?

2. Boss Tweed and his cronies (a close friend/powerful), portrayed as noblemen, watch from the stands on the left. The cartoon’s caption reads “What are you going to do about it?” What effect do you think Nast wanted to have on his audience?

“THE TAMMANY TIGER LOOSE”43

Page 44: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

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Page 45: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

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Page 46: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Assignment – Political Cartoon

An editorial cartoon that includes an illustration and commentary that relates to current events or personalities 1. Topic (immigrants, restrictions on immigrants, nativism,

urbanization, ethnic communities, migration of farmers + African Americans, conditions in cities, reformers, political machines, corruption)

2. illustration Hyperbole = exaggerate to prove a point or produce a certain

feeling Satire = use humor or exaggeration to criticize Question authority, draw attention to social problem, or

corruption 3. Add commentary or title

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Page 47: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Civil Service Replaces Patronage

Patronage = giving govt. jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected (since early 1800s)

Andrew Jackson – spoils systemUnqualified govt. employees + used positions

for personal gainReformers wanted a merit system in civil

service (govt. admin.) jobs

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Page 48: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Civil Service Reform Under Late 1800s Presidents

Rutherford B. Hayes (1876 - Republican) Congress did not support reform Named independents to his cabinet (Sec. of State/War/Treasury) Investigates NYC customhouse -> fires top officials -> jobs were

controlled by Republican political boss and his supporters (Stalwarts)

James A. Garfield (1880 - Independent) Angered Stalwarts by giving govt. jobs to reformers Assassinated in 1881 by a Stalwart

Chester A. Arthur (Republican) VP -> now President -> urges Congress to pass Pendleton Civil Service

Act -> appointments to federal jobs based on test scores

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Page 49: Chapter 7: Immigration and Urbanization 1. Journal – page 255 1. Why did immigrants come to the U.S. in the late 19 th century and early 20 th century?

Business Buys Influence

Govt. employees no longer a source for campaign contributions -> politicians looked to wealthy business owners

Grover Cleveland (Dem. Pres. 1884) Tried to lower tariffs Tariffs led to higher prices for domestic products

Benjamin Harrison (Rep. Pres. 1888) Companies that wanted higher tariffs supported his

campaign McKinley Tariff Act 1890 -> highest tariffs yet

Cleveland Pres. 1892 tried to lower tariffs

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