chapter 5 – reconstruction (1865-1877) section 4 – the end of reconstruction

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Chapter 5 – Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865- Reconstruction (1865- 1877) 1877) Section 4 – Section 4 – The End of Reconstruction The End of Reconstruction

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Page 1: Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865-1877) Section 4 – The End of Reconstruction

Chapter 5 – Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865-Reconstruction (1865-

1877)1877)

Section 4 – Section 4 –

The End of ReconstructionThe End of Reconstruction

Page 2: Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865-1877) Section 4 – The End of Reconstruction

Beginning of the End

Northern Republican control of South weakened 1869

by 1877, there were no more Reconstruction governments

Southern Democrats began to regain control of governments in South

Page 3: Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865-1877) Section 4 – The End of Reconstruction

Southern Democratic Domination of GovernmentsChange in Public Opinion

- many grew tired of Reconstruction issue- wanted to forget war, withdraw troops, and move

on

Amnesty Act (1872)- gave voting rights back to about 160,000 former

Confederates- passed end of President Ulysses S. Grant’s 1st term

Page 4: Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865-1877) Section 4 – The End of Reconstruction

Spreading Terror

- secret societies grew in strength and power- KKK → Ku Klux Klan (Greek – “Kuklos” - circle)

- Created by former Confederate soldiers- General Nathan Bedford Forrest - targeted blacks and white Republicans

Page 5: Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865-1877) Section 4 – The End of Reconstruction

- Government tried to stop violence- Enforcement Act of 1870

- banned the use of terror, force, or bribery to prevent someone from voting

- tried to ban the KKK- increased military protection during elections - most of the KKK dissolved, but reappeared during

1900s

Page 6: Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865-1877) Section 4 – The End of Reconstruction

Reconstruction Ends Corruption occurred frequentlyPrograms cost a lot of money & taxes

increased – some areas fell into more debtViolence increased as federal troops left

Southern areas Democrats returned to Southern politics

“Solid South” Supreme Court limited government’s ability to

protect civil rights of African Americans – most left to the States

Page 7: Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865-1877) Section 4 – The End of Reconstruction

Presidential Election 1876Republican Rutherford B. Hayes vs.

Democrat Samuel Tilden Tilden won the popular vote, but the

electoral vote was disputed federal troops only occupied 3

states by 1876: South Carolina, Florida, Louisiana → all voted for Hayes (Rep)

states without troops voted for Tilden (Dem)

controversy over votes

Rutherford B. Hayes

Samuel J. Tilden

Page 8: Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865-1877) Section 4 – The End of Reconstruction

Presidential Election 1876 (continued) created special commission to investigate:

declared Hayes (Rep) winner by 1 electoral vote made Compromise of 1877

Compromise of 1877settled Election 1876 controversyRepublican Hayes won presidency, but had to

remove federal troops from South (for Dem)end of military occupation in the South allowed

whites to regain control of Southern governments (1870s-1880s)

post Civil War very different from antebellum (pre-war) South

Page 9: Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865-1877) Section 4 – The End of Reconstruction
Page 10: Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865-1877) Section 4 – The End of Reconstruction

The Solid SouthSouthern whites blamed RepublicansSouth made sure Democratic Party stayed

strongbecame one-party region –

“Solid South” 1880-1924created laws to make it difficult or impossible

for blacks to vote

Page 11: Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865-1877) Section 4 – The End of Reconstruction

Disenfranchisement of African Americans

Disenfranchise → take away voting rights from person or group

South wanted to disenfranchise blacks to keep Democratic Party strong

used 3 methods to put blacks at a disadvantage to vote:

Page 12: Chapter 5 – Reconstruction (1865-1877) Section 4 – The End of Reconstruction

Literacy Test- had to pass test on reading and writing to vote- Problem: slaves were not taught to read or write

Poll Tax- had to pay tax before voting- Problem: most blacks could not afford it

“Grandfather Clause”- could only vote if grandfather had voted before

1867- Problem: only whites had grandfathers who

voted before 1867; 15th Amendment passed 1870