Chapter 4

Medical Terminology I

Pregnancy

Diseases and Conditions of Pregnancy• pre-eclampsia once called toxemia

– a pregnancy disease in which symptoms are

– hypertension– protein in the urine – Swelling of the hands and face occurring after the

20th week of pregnancy

– Confirmed through protein in urine .

Eclampsia

• Hypertension during pregnancy causing– protein in the urine– swelling (Edema) becomes life-threatening.– The symptoms are followed by loss of

consciousness, convulsions and possibly coma.

Eclampsia

• Treatment is delivery of the baby if pre-eclampsia occurs too early the pregnancy is monitored

Gestational Diabetes

• A diabetic condition that occurs at approximately 20 to 24 weeks

• Women’s pancreas does not produce enough insulin to regulate their blood sugar.

• a complication that occurs in approximately 4%

• can result in various complications with delivery

• untreated may compromise the health of both mother and baby.

Gestational Diabetes

• Previously non-diabetic woman may experience diabetes during pregnancy is due to the insulin blocking hormones produced by the placenta.

• After delivery of the placenta, the condition essentially goes away.

• Most women’s blood sugar returns to normal almost immediately after giving birth.

Gestational Diabetes

• Research has indicated that gestational diabetes may be a precursor for developing the condition later in life. Approximately one half of women who develop gestational diabetes develop the condition permanently within about 15 years.

Testing

• The Glucose Screening Test• Around 22 weeks of pregnancy glucose-

screening test is preformed • The test itself is performed by drawing blood

and testing the blood sugar level. • Blood sugar level of 120 or higher, a similar,

but more in depth, glucose fasting test will be done to confirm the diagnosis.

What About Baby?

larger than normal babies

jaundice

fetal distress

risk of cesarean does increase

In some cases, it may be necessary

to induce labor

Placenta Abruptio

• Also referred to as abruptio placenta or placental abruption– The placenta detaches from the uterine

wall– Can cause severe bleeding– Can jeopardize the life of the fetus and

mother

Placenta Abruptio

Risk Factors• Have a history of placenta abruptio. A woman who

has had one placenta abruptio has a 4% chance of having another in a later pregnancy.2 If she has had two or more pregnancies complicated by placenta abruptio, she has a 25% chance of having another.3

• Have hypertension, whether it is chronic or has been caused by the pregnancy (pregnancy-induced hypertension).

• Preeclampsia and High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy.

Risk Factors

• Smoke cigarettes.

• Use cocaine.• Experience physical injury to the uterus, such

as from a motor vehicle accident or from a direct blow to the abdomen.

• Have had a premature rupture of membranes (PROM) for more than 24 hours.

• Have a history of uterine problems, such as a tumor in the uterus (uterine leiomyoma).

Risk Factors

• Have been pregnant before• The incidence of placenta abruptio increases

slightly with age2 • Are pregnant with multiple fetuses. Placenta

abruptio affects about 12 in 1,000 multiple pregnancies.

• Have had a cesarean delivery (C-section). This slightly increases your risk of placental abruption.6

Placenta Previa

• placenta covers part or all of the cervix. About one in 250 pregnant women develop this condition

• cause severe, often painless bleeding usually toward the end of the second trimester or later.

• Uncontrolled hemorrhage can jeopardize a woman's life and the life of her baby,

• causes preterm labor, the baby will be delivered by c-section even if a woman's due date is weeks away.

Placenta Previa

Placenta Previa

• If an early ultrasound (between 12 and 14 weeks) shows the placenta near, or covering the cervix, don't be alarmed — it is most likely not placenta previa. As the uterus grows, it naturally pulls the placenta away from the cervix; in these cases, medical intervention generally isn't necessary.

Risk Factors• Previously delivered a baby by cesarean section • Previously been diagnosed with placenta previa

face a higher risk with later pregnancies • pregnant with twins, you're also more likely to

develop placenta previa, • Smoking • Most women who develop the condition have no

apparent risk factors.

Treatment

• Treatment depends on whether or not bleeding has occurred and how weeks gestation.

• diagnosed after the 20th week, but not bleeding, cut way back activity level and increase the amount of time in bed.

• Bleeding heavily, hospitalized until woman and the fetus are stabilized. If the bleeding stops or is light continued bed rest until ready to deliver

Activities

• Vocabulary Flashcards

Assessment 04.01 Preview

• A, an• Blast• Glyc/o• Morph• Flex/o• Mort/o• Ana• Plasia• Partum• Top/o• Ante• Hyper• In• Intra• Contra• De• Drome• Meter• Phoria

• Stasis• Furc• Trophy• Morph• Nat/I• Tox/o• Gloss/o• Or• Cata• Infra• Brady• Poly• Syn, sym• Tachy• Thyr/o• Duct• Cost• Cib• Uni

Indicate the meaning of each word and whether it is a suffix, root, combining form, or prefix.

Assessment 04.02 Preview

• Away from• Without• Slow• Bad, painful• Within, in• Under, deficient• Between• Large• After, behind• Under• Beneath• Toward

• With• Fast• Outside, out• Above, upon• Within• Small• Before, forward• Above, upper• Against• Together, with• Down

Indicate the meaning of each prefix and give an example of a medical term that uses it.

Assessment 04.03 Preview

• Under the skin• Loss of water• Both sides• Large head• Exaggerated feeling of

well being• Within the trachea• Abnormal development• Fast breathing

• Newborn• Loss of movement• Symptoms that go

together• After death• Toes or fingers together• Signs of pregnancy

without being pregnant

Write the medical term that matches the definitions provided, then break the word down into its parts: prefix, combining form and suffix.

Assessment 04.04 – Case StudyThe patient was a 32 year old white female who had no significant past medical history. For

the past week, she had fever and arthralgias. Two days prior to admission to the University of Iowa, she developed a rash, some swelling of her joints in her hands and wrists, and shortness of breath. On the day of admission, she became very short of breath and light headed. She noted only a mild cough and no sputum production. She complained that it sometimes hurt to take a deep breath. Her family history was unremarkable, except for a sister who had "some type of arthritis".

On physical examination, the patient appeared apprehensive, cyanotic, and very short of breath. Her temperature was 39oC, her pulse was 120/min, her respirations were 35/min and her blood pressure was 100/65 in the supine position. She had a petechial rash over most of her body which appeared to be confluent over her face. HEENT exam was within normal limits, with the exception of what appeared to be "cold sores" in her mouth. There was some cervical adenopathy. Examination of her chest revealed diffuse bronchi. In some areas of the bases of her lungs, there was a decrease in normal breath sounds and an increase in "E to A" changes. A friction rub was sometimes heard on inspiration. Auscultation of the heart revealed a rapid rate with a II/VI systolic murmur. There was no S3 or S4. Occasionally, a friction rub, that was different that the pleural friction rub was heard. Her abdominal exam was normal, except that the tip of her spleen was felt. She had some swelling and redness of her fingers, wrists and ankles. Breast and pelvic exams were within normal limits. Neurological exam was also within normal limits.