chapter 3 drawing and composing an illustration. drawing straight lines when you are working with...

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Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration

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Page 1: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Chapter 3

Drawing and Composing an Illustration

Page 2: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Straight Lines

• When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical as anchor points are tiny, and you will often move them in 1 point increments.

• You can click and drag a marquee around the specific area you want to enlarge.

Page 3: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Straight Lines

• The marquee, which is a rectangular, dotted line surrounding the area, will disappear when you release the Zoom tool, and whatever was in the marquee will be magnified as much as possible, while still fitting in the window.

Page 4: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Straight Lines

• Use the Pen tool to make lines, called paths.• Corner points are where two endpoints of

two straight segments are united.

Page 5: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Straight Lines

• You can move, reposition, add, and delete anchor points and segments.

• Once you have completed an object, use the Direct Selection tool to fix points and segments.

Page 6: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Straight Lines

Segment

Starting anchor point Corner anchor points

Ending anchor point

Corner anchor point

Elements of a path composed of straight segments

Page 7: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Straight Lines

• The Average command is used for aligning points.

• With two or more points selected, you can use the Average command to align them on the:– Horizontal axis– Vertical axis– Both the horizontal and vertical axes

Page 8: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Straight Lines

• The name “Average” is appropriate because when the command moves two points to line them up on a given axis, that axis is positioned at the average distance between the two points. Thus, each point moves the same distance.

Page 9: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Straight Lines

• The Join command unites two anchor points.

• When two points are positioned in different locations on the artboard, the Join command creates a segment between them.

• When two points are aligned on both the horizontal and vertical axes and are joined, the two points become one.

Page 10: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Straight Lines

• Applying the Join command always results in a corner point.

• You will often use the Average and Join commands in tandem.

Page 11: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Straight Lines

Two paths created by the Join command

Points to be joined

Points to be joined

Join command unites open points

Page 12: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Curved Lines

• When you click to create anchor points with the Pen tool, the points are connected by straight segments.

• You can “draw” a curved path between two anchor points by clicking and dragging the Pen tool to create the points instead of just clicking.

• Anchor points created by clicking and dragging the Pen tool are known as smooth points.

Page 13: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Curved Lines

• When you use the Direct Selection tool to select a point connected to a curved segment, you will expose the point’s direction lines.

Page 14: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Curved Lines

Smooth anchor point

Direction line

Direction point

Direction lines define a curve

Page 15: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Curved Lines

• The angle and length of the direction lines determine the arc of the curved segment.

• Direction lines are editable.

• You can click and drag the direction points, or handles, at the end of the direction lines to reshape the curve.

Page 16: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Curved Lines

• A smooth point always has two direction lines that move together as a unit.

• The two curved segments attached to the smooth point are both defined by the direction lines.

• When you manipulate the direction lines on a smooth point, you change the curve of both segments attached to the point, always maintaining a smooth transition through the anchor point.

Page 17: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Curved Lines

• When two paths are joined at a corner point, the two paths can be manipulated independently.

• A corner point can join two straight segments, one straight segment and one curved segment, or two curved segments.

• That corner point would have zero, one, or two direction lines, respectively.

Page 18: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Curved Lines

A corner point joining two curved paths (note the direction lines)

A smooth point

Corner point joining one

straight and one curved

segment

Corner point joining two

straight segments

Smooth points and corner points

Page 19: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Curved Lines

• When a corner point joins one or two curved segments, the direction lines are unrelated and are often referred to as “broken.”

• When you manipulate one, the other doesn’t move.

Page 20: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Curved Lines

• Convert Anchor Point tool changes corner points to smooth points, and smooth points to corner points.

• To convert a corner point to smooth, click and drag the Convert Anchor Point tool on an anchor point to pull out direction lines.

Page 21: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Curved Lines

Corner point converted to a smooth point

Corner point

Converting a corner point to a smooth point

Page 22: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Curved Lines

• When you click directly on a smooth point with the Convert Anchor Point tool, direction lines disappear.

• A smooth point is converted to a corner point that joins two straight segments.

Page 23: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Curved Lines

• You can also use the Anchor Point tool on one of the two direction lines of a smooth point.

• The tool “breaks” the direction lines and allows you to move one independently of the other.

Page 24: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Curved Lines

• Toggle between the Pen tool and the selection tools using keyboard shortcuts for efficiency.

• When the Pen tool is selected press [Ctrl] (Win) or [Command] (Mac) to access the Selection tool or Direct Selection tool, depending on which tool you used last.

Page 25: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Elements of an Illustration

• Drawing from scratch means you start with a new Illustrator document and create the illustration using only Illustrator tools.

Page 26: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Drawing Elements of an Illustration

• Using the Place command, it is easy to import a scanned image into Illustrator.

• For complex illustrations, especially those of people or objects with delicate relationships, such as maps or blueprints, many designers find it easier to scan a sketch or a photo and import it into Illustrator as a guide or a point of reference.

Page 27: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Use a scanned sketch as a reference for tracing

Drawing Elements of an Illustration

Page 28: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Applying Attributes to Objects

• Attributes are formatting that you have applied to an object that affect its appearance.

• Typographic Attributes:– Font, leading, horizontal scale

• Artistic Attributes: – Fill color, stroke color, stroke weight

Page 29: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Applying Attributes to Objects

• The Eyedropper tool:– is handy for applying all of an object’s attributes

to another object.– can be used to copy type formatting and effects

between text elements.

Page 30: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Applying Attributes to Objects

Use the Eyedropper tool to apply the attributes of one object to another with one click

Page 31: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Applying Attributes to Objects

• You can think of the letter O as an example of a closed path and the letter U as an example of an open path.

• Although it seems a bit strange, you are able to add a fill to an open path just as you would to a closed path.

• The program draws an imaginary straight line between the endpoints of an open path to define where the fill ends.

Page 32: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Applying Attributes to Objects

• Avoid applying fills to open paths.

• An open path’s primary role is to feature a stroke.

• Any effect that you can create by filling an open path is more effective by filling a closed path.

Page 33: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Assembling an Illustration

• Assembling an illustration with multiple objects will test your fluency with the stacking order commands:– Bring to Front– Send to Back– Bring Forward– Send Backward– Paste in Front– Paste in Back

– Group– Lock– Unlock All– Hide– Show All

Page 34: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Assembling an Illustration

• The sequence in which you draw the elements determines the stacking order (newer elements are in front of older ones), so you’ll almost certainly need to adjust the stacking order when assembling the elements.

• Locking and hiding placed elements will help you to protect the elements when they are positioned correctly.

Page 35: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Assembling an Illustration

Nose pasted in front of the left eye

Page 36: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Stroking Objects for Artistic Effect

• Caps are applied to the ends of stroked paths. The Stroke panel offers three choices:– Butt Cap for square ends– Round Caps for rounded ends– Projecting Caps for square ends that extend

the anchor point one-half of the weight of the stroke

Page 37: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Stroking Objects for Artistic Effect

Two segments with butt caps

Two segments with projecting

caps

Projecting caps are useful when segments meet at right angles

Page 38: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Stroking Objects for Artistic Effect

• When two stroked paths form a corner point, joins define the appearance of the corner.

• The default is a miter join, which produces stroked lines with pointed corners.

• The round join produces stroked lines with rounded corners, and the bevel join produces stroked lines with squared corners.

• The greater the weight of the stroke, the more apparent the join will be.

Page 39: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Stroking Objects for Artistic Effect

Miter join

Round join

Bevel join

Three types of joins

Page 40: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Stroking Objects for Artistic Effect

• The miter limit determines when a miter join will be squared off to beveled edge.

• The miter is the length of the point, from inside to outside.

• The default miter limit is 4 times the stroke weight.

Page 41: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Stroking Objects for Artistic Effect

• A dashed stroke is like any other stroked path except the stroke has been broken into a sequence of dashes separated by gaps.

• You can create a maximum of three different sizes of dashes separated by three different sizes of gaps.

• The pattern you establish will be repeated across the length of the stroke.

Page 42: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Stroking Objects for Artistic Effect

• The “Exact Dashes” option distributes dashes around the edge of the rectangle with exact measurements regardless of appearance.

• The “Adjust Dashes” option automatically adjusts dashes and gaps around corners for a balanced effect.

Page 43: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Stroking Objects for Artistic Effect

The Exact Dashes and Adjust Dashes options applies to a stroked object

Page 44: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Stroking Objects for Artistic Effect

• Creating pseudo-stroke effects:– Sometimes the most effective stroke is no stroke

at all.– Place black-filled copy behind an illustration

element, then distort the black element with the Direct Selection tool so it peeks out from behind.

Page 45: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Stroking Objects for Artistic Effect

Black copy pasted in back and distorted

The “pseudo-stroke” effect

Original object

Page 46: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Using Image Trace

• When you place and select an image, the Image Trace button becomes available in the Control panel.

• Image Trace offers a number of new and traditional tracing presets that give you different results.

Page 47: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Using Image Trace

• These presets include:– Line Art– Sketched Art– Black and White Logo– 16 Color

• In addition to the options in the Image Trace menu, you can use the Image Trace panel.

Page 48: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Using Image Trace

Image Trace panel

Page 49: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Using Image Trace

• You use Image Trace to trace a bitmap photo the same way you trace a sketch.

Page 50: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Traced graphics

Using Image Trace

Page 51: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Using Image Trace

• Especially when tracing photographs, the Image Trace utility creates illustrations with complex relationships between different paths.

• Working with expanded tracing results will often test your skills for working with paths.

Page 52: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Using Image Trace

• When you place a file, that file is not automatically part of the Illustrator file. Instead, a link is created from Illustrator to that file.

• If you were to move the Illustrator file to a different computer, the placed image would not be available when the file is opened on the other computer.

Page 53: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Using Image Trace

• For this reason, many designers choose to click the Embed button; doing so is like copying and pasting the placed file into the Illustrator document.*Note that when you click Embed, the file name of the placed image no longer appears in the Control panel. Instead, the panel lists the word Embedded.

Page 54: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Using the Live Paint Bucket Tool

• In Live Paint mode the concept of “objects” no longer applies.

• You can fill and stroke negative spaces.

• Live Paint Bucket tool uses two object types:– Regions– Edges

Page 55: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

• Edges and regions are like fills and strokes but “live.”

• Where regions overlap, a third region is created that can be painted a different color.

Using the Live Paint Bucket Tool

Page 56: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Edge

Region

Edge with new color applied

Region with new color applied

Using the Live Paint Bucket Tool

Identifying regions and edges in an illustration

Page 57: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

• The “live” part of Live Paint is that these regions are now part of a Live Paint group, and they maintain a dynamic relationship with each other.

• This means that when any of the objects are moved, the overlapping area changes shape and fill accordingly.

Using the Live Paint Bucket Tool

Page 58: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Filling multiple regions

Using the Live Paint Bucket Tool

Page 59: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

• With the Live Paint Bucket tool, the regions that are created by the intersection of the paths are able to be filled as though they were objects.

Using the Live Paint Bucket Tool

Page 60: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Using the Live Paint Bucket Tool

Four filled regions between paths

Page 61: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Using the Live Paint Bucket Tool

• New objects can be inserted into a Live Paint group.

• To do so, switch to the Selection tool, then double-click inside any of the regions of the group.

• Once in insertion mode you can then add an object or objects to the group.

Page 62: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Gray rectangle indicates intersection mode

Using the Live Paint Bucket Tool

Viewing the art in insertion mode

Page 63: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Using the Live Paint Bucket Tool

• In Live Paint mode, just as regions are akin to fills, edges are akin to strokes.

• With the Live Paint Bucket tool, you can paint edges as well as regions.

• To paint edges, you must first double-click the Live Paint Bucket tool, then activate the Paint Strokes check box in the Live Paint Bucket Options dialog box.

Page 64: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Paint Strokes check box

Using the Live Paint Bucket Tool

Specifying the Live Paint Bucket tool to paint edges

Page 65: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Exploring Alternative Drawing Techniques

• Along with its ability to convert anchor points from smooth to corner and vice versa, the Anchor Point tool can also convert path segments from straight to curved.

• In fact, the Anchor Point tool is so powerful that you can use it as an alternate to dragging directional handles to modify a curve.

• Instead you can just click and drag any segment to reshape it and position it as you like.

Page 66: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Exploring Alternative Drawing Techniques

A curved object reshaped from a simple rectangle

Page 67: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Exploring Alternative Drawing Techniques

• When you’re creating paths with the Pen tool, you can access the Anchor Point tool and the path segment reshape function simply by pressing [Alt] (Win) or [option] (Mac).

Page 68: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Exploring Alternative Drawing Techniques

• With the widespread use of tablets and pen styluses, advances in Illustrator’s Pencil tool is making it a great option for drawing in Illustrator by hand.

• The following figure shows a relatively uneven line being drawn with the Pencil tool.

Page 69: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Exploring Alternative Drawing Techniques

Rough line being drawn

Page 70: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Exploring Alternative Drawing Techniques

• The following figure shows the same path once the Pencil tool is lifted.

• The path is automatically smoothed out and anchor points are added at necessary locations.

Page 71: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Exploring Alternative Drawing Techniques

Rough line smoothed automatically

Page 72: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Exploring Alternative Drawing Techniques

• The following figure shows a simple, hand-drawn circle with a line across it done with the Pencil tool.

Page 73: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Exploring Alternative Drawing Techniques

Circle with line drawn across it

Page 74: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Exploring Alternative Drawing Techniques

• If you want to draw a circle with a line drawn across it, you must do so with the Edit selected paths option deactivated.

• If the Edit selected paths option is activated, drawing the line across the circle will actually edit the circle and redraw it with the new line, as seen in the following figure.

Page 75: Chapter 3 Drawing and Composing an Illustration. Drawing Straight Lines When you are working with the Pen tool, your view of the board becomes more critical

Exploring Alternative Drawing Techniques

Circle redrawn with new line