chapter 23 southern africa 7 th grade social studies
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 23 Southern Africa
7th Grade Social Studies
Vocabulary
Enclaves- Countries surrounded or almost surrounded by another country
The Veld- (VELT) Open grasslands areas of South Africa
Pans- Low, flat, desert areas of southern Africa into which ancient streams drained
CHAPTER 23
Section 1: Physical Geography
Section 2: Southern Africa’s History and Culture
Section 3: South Africa Today
Section 4: Other Southern African Countries
Southern Africa
Relative location The relative
location of Southern Africa is that it lies on the southern 1/3 of the African continent with the Atlantic to the west and the Indian Ocean to the east.
Section 1: Physical Geography Drakensberg Inyanga Mts. Cape of Good Hope Kalahari Desert Namib Desert Orange River Aughrabies Falls Limpopo River
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Why Study Africa?
The region is rich in minerals, many of which are imported to the U.S.
Many Americans have ancestors from this region.
Some of the countries of southern Africa are struggling to improve relationships among different racial and ethnic groups.
Many Americans travel to the region to see wildlife in their natural habitat.
Art of the region is unique and in demand throughout the world.
Why Study Africa (cont.)
Main Ideas
The major landforms of southern Africa are: the Large plateau, the Drakensberg, the Inyanga Mts., and the veld are the major landforms of southern Africa.
The location and resources of the region attracted people from all parts of the world.
Main Idea (cont.)
The main natural resources of the region are gold, diamonds, platinum, copper, uranium, and iron ore.
Petroleum is not itself a mineral resource but is refined from oil
Swaziland and Lesotho are enclaves: these are countries that are completely surrounded by another country
Main Idea (cont.)
The Drakensberg forces moisture from the Indian Ocean upward and causes the eastern slopes to be rainy, while climates are drier farther inland.
Namib Desert
Highest dune in the world
The crests of the dunes marked by the wind, can actually alter the direction of the wind.
Satellite photo
SECTION 1
Physical Geography
South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Madagascar, Swaziland, and Lesotho
large plateau, the veld, the Drakensberg, Inyanga Mountains, Kalahari Desert, and Namib Desert
desert, semi-arid, steppe, savanna, Mediterranean
Orange River, Aughrabies Falls,
Limpopo River
gold, diamonds, platinum, copper, uranium, coal, and iron ore
COUNTRIES CLIMATES BODIES OF WATER RESOURCESLANDFORMS
SOUTHERN AFRICA’S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHYSOUTHERN AFRICA’S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Section 2: Southern Africa’s History and Culture
Main Ideas – Section 2
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation which limited power to whites. Not a struggle between Colored and Asians
Nelson MandelaViolence in South Africa (Mandela and Apartheid Part 1) 15min.12sec.
DISCOVER VIDEO
Man of the Year
Vocabulary Boers- Afrikaner frontier farmers, white
descendents of South Africa’s original European colonists
Main Ideas – Section 2
The Bantu affected the history of Southern Africa by establishing Bantu languages there and they are thought to have introduced iron tools and cattle herding.
Main Idea (Section 2 cont.)
Archaeologist believe Chinese porcelain came to Great Zimbabwe through an Indian Ocean trade network.
SECTION 2Southern Africa’s History and Culture
GROUP HOW, WHEN, WHERE CULTURAL CHANGES
Khoisan
Bantu
Shona
Swahili
Asians
Portuguese
hunter-gatherers, 18,000 B.C., throughout mainland
spread from central Africa, 1,500–2,000 years ago, southern Africa
built an empire, A.D. 1000, Zimbabwe and Mozambique
sailors and traders, A.D. 1100, east coast
settled on island, A.D. 700, Madagascar
traders, early 1500s, Mozambique
Khoisan language family, rock paintings
Bantu language family, use of iron, cattle herding
farmed, raised cattle, traded gold
adopted Islam and Arab customs, traded with East Asia
Asian and African influences, language related to Indonesia
set up forts, slave use and trade
Section 3: South Africa Today
Vocabulary Apartheid- The South African government
policy of separation of races, which began to disappear in the 1980s NOT Coloreds vs. Asians
Townships- Special areas of crowded clusters of tiny homes for black South Africans living outside cities
Sanctions- An economic or political penalty, such as an embargo, used by one or more countries to force another country to cease an illegal or immoral act
Main Idea (Section 3 cont.)
People around the world protested by banning trade with South Africa, refusing to invest money in South Africa, refusing South Africa’s admission to meetings and competitions.
Afrikaners are the white descendants of Dutch colonists.
Main Idea – (Section 3 cont.)
Challenges that remain for South Africa include lack of equal education and economic opportunities for all races, increased crime rate, and an AIDS epidemic. The #1 Problem
SECTION 3
South Africa Today
SOUTH AFRICA’S ECONOMY
Resources
computers, cars, televisions, and other products needed for modern life
Industries Concerns
better working conditions for black workers and farmers, most mineral wealth and industries still owned by whites
coal, hydroelectric power, uranium, gold, diamonds, copper, platinum, iron ore, and chromium
Strike: A South African Boy 19:46
Section 4: Other Southern African Countries
Vocabulary Organization of African Unity (OAU)
An organization, founded in 1963, that tries to promote cooperation among African countries
Main Ideas
Diseases affect the people and economy in Zimbabwe because they threaten to kill thousands and leave many orphans, and make economic growth harder.
Civil war in Mozambique slowed economic development.
Main Idea – (Section 4 cont.)
Namibia has diamonds, copper, lead, zinc, uranium. They provide money through mining and the sale of minerals.
Google Earth
SECTION 4Other Southern African Countries
1800s early 1990s 1996
French colony rule of socialist dictator ends
former dictator voted back into power
period of democracy
MADAGASCAR’S HISTORY
Chapter Wrap-Up
1. What are southern Africa’s two deserts like? 2. What made it possible for early southern Africans
to trade with Asians?3. What did the original Bantu migrants bring to
southern Africa?4. How have mineral resources affected South
Africa?5. What three racial groups were defined and
separated by apartheid? Which group made up the majority of the population?
1. What are southern Africa’s two deserts like? 2. What made it possible for early southern Africans
to trade with Asians?3. What did the original Bantu migrants bring to
southern Africa?4. How have mineral resources affected South
Africa?5. What three racial groups were defined and
separated by apartheid? Which group made up the majority of the population?
CHAPTER 26
Review
Jeopardy