Chapter 23 Southern Africa

7th Grade Social Studies

Vocabulary

Enclaves- Countries surrounded or almost surrounded by another country

The Veld- (VELT) Open grasslands areas of South Africa

Pans- Low, flat, desert areas of southern Africa into which ancient streams drained

CHAPTER 23

Section 1: Physical Geography

Section 2: Southern Africa’s History and Culture

Section 3: South Africa Today

Section 4: Other Southern African Countries

Southern Africa

Relative location The relative

location of Southern Africa is that it lies on the southern 1/3 of the African continent with the Atlantic to the west and the Indian Ocean to the east.

Section 1: Physical Geography Drakensberg Inyanga Mts. Cape of Good Hope Kalahari Desert Namib Desert Orange River Aughrabies Falls Limpopo River

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Why Study Africa?

The region is rich in minerals, many of which are imported to the U.S.

Many Americans have ancestors from this region.

Some of the countries of southern Africa are struggling to improve relationships among different racial and ethnic groups.

Many Americans travel to the region to see wildlife in their natural habitat.

Art of the region is unique and in demand throughout the world.

Why Study Africa (cont.)

Main Ideas

The major landforms of southern Africa are: the Large plateau, the Drakensberg, the Inyanga Mts., and the veld are the major landforms of southern Africa.

The location and resources of the region attracted people from all parts of the world.

Main Idea (cont.)

The main natural resources of the region are gold, diamonds, platinum, copper, uranium, and iron ore.

Petroleum is not itself a mineral resource but is refined from oil

Swaziland and Lesotho are enclaves: these are countries that are completely surrounded by another country

Main Idea (cont.)

The Drakensberg forces moisture from the Indian Ocean upward and causes the eastern slopes to be rainy, while climates are drier farther inland.

Namib Desert

Highest dune in the world

The crests of the dunes marked by the wind, can actually alter the direction of the wind.

Satellite photo

SECTION 1

Physical Geography

South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Madagascar, Swaziland, and Lesotho

large plateau, the veld, the Drakensberg, Inyanga Mountains, Kalahari Desert, and Namib Desert

desert, semi-arid, steppe, savanna, Mediterranean

Orange River, Aughrabies Falls,

Limpopo River

gold, diamonds, platinum, copper, uranium, coal, and iron ore

COUNTRIES CLIMATES BODIES OF WATER RESOURCESLANDFORMS

SOUTHERN AFRICA’S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHYSOUTHERN AFRICA’S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

Section 2: Southern Africa’s History and Culture

Main Ideas – Section 2

Apartheid was a system of racial segregation which limited power to whites. Not a struggle between Colored and Asians

Nelson MandelaViolence in South Africa (Mandela and Apartheid Part 1) 15min.12sec.

DISCOVER VIDEO

Man of the Year

Vocabulary Boers- Afrikaner frontier farmers, white

descendents of South Africa’s original European colonists

Main Ideas – Section 2

The Bantu affected the history of Southern Africa by establishing Bantu languages there and they are thought to have introduced iron tools and cattle herding.

Main Idea (Section 2 cont.)

Archaeologist believe Chinese porcelain came to Great Zimbabwe through an Indian Ocean trade network.

SECTION 2Southern Africa’s History and Culture

GROUP HOW, WHEN, WHERE CULTURAL CHANGES

Khoisan

Bantu

Shona

Swahili

Asians

Portuguese

hunter-gatherers, 18,000 B.C., throughout mainland

spread from central Africa, 1,500–2,000 years ago, southern Africa

built an empire, A.D. 1000, Zimbabwe and Mozambique

sailors and traders, A.D. 1100, east coast

settled on island, A.D. 700, Madagascar

traders, early 1500s, Mozambique

Khoisan language family, rock paintings

Bantu language family, use of iron, cattle herding

farmed, raised cattle, traded gold

adopted Islam and Arab customs, traded with East Asia

Asian and African influences, language related to Indonesia

set up forts, slave use and trade

Section 3: South Africa Today

Vocabulary Apartheid- The South African government

policy of separation of races, which began to disappear in the 1980s NOT Coloreds vs. Asians

Townships- Special areas of crowded clusters of tiny homes for black South Africans living outside cities

Sanctions- An economic or political penalty, such as an embargo, used by one or more countries to force another country to cease an illegal or immoral act

Main Idea (Section 3 cont.)

People around the world protested by banning trade with South Africa, refusing to invest money in South Africa, refusing South Africa’s admission to meetings and competitions.

Afrikaners are the white descendants of Dutch colonists.

Main Idea – (Section 3 cont.)

Challenges that remain for South Africa include lack of equal education and economic opportunities for all races, increased crime rate, and an AIDS epidemic. The #1 Problem

SECTION 3

South Africa Today

SOUTH AFRICA’S ECONOMY

Resources

computers, cars, televisions, and other products needed for modern life

Industries Concerns

better working conditions for black workers and farmers, most mineral wealth and industries still owned by whites

coal, hydroelectric power, uranium, gold, diamonds, copper, platinum, iron ore, and chromium

Strike: A South African Boy 19:46

Section 4: Other Southern African Countries

Vocabulary Organization of African Unity (OAU)

An organization, founded in 1963, that tries to promote cooperation among African countries

Main Ideas

Diseases affect the people and economy in Zimbabwe because they threaten to kill thousands and leave many orphans, and make economic growth harder.

Civil war in Mozambique slowed economic development.

Main Idea – (Section 4 cont.)

Namibia has diamonds, copper, lead, zinc, uranium. They provide money through mining and the sale of minerals.

Google Earth

SECTION 4Other Southern African Countries

1800s early 1990s 1996

French colony rule of socialist dictator ends

former dictator voted back into power

period of democracy

MADAGASCAR’S HISTORY

Chapter Wrap-Up

1. What are southern Africa’s two deserts like? 2. What made it possible for early southern Africans

to trade with Asians?3. What did the original Bantu migrants bring to

southern Africa?4. How have mineral resources affected South

Africa?5. What three racial groups were defined and

separated by apartheid? Which group made up the majority of the population?

1. What are southern Africa’s two deserts like? 2. What made it possible for early southern Africans

to trade with Asians?3. What did the original Bantu migrants bring to

southern Africa?4. How have mineral resources affected South

Africa?5. What three racial groups were defined and

separated by apartheid? Which group made up the majority of the population?

CHAPTER 26

Review

Jeopardy