Chapter 21 : Chapter 21 : Kingdom FungiKingdom FungiPage: 527Page: 527

What types of Fungi do What types of Fungi do you know?you know?

Bread MoldsBread Molds MushroomsMushrooms Molds on orangesMolds on oranges YeastsYeasts MildewsMildews Rusts & SmutsRusts & Smuts

What are Fungi?What are Fungi?

Have both plant and animal-like characteristicsHave both plant and animal-like characteristics Plant-like characteristics:Plant-like characteristics:

StationaryStationary Grow upwardGrow upward Have cell walls, but contain Have cell walls, but contain CHITINCHITIN not Cellulose not Cellulose The big difference is they The big difference is they lack Chlorophylllack Chlorophyll

Animal-like Characteristics:Animal-like Characteristics: Heterotrophic (Parasitic or Saprohytes)Heterotrophic (Parasitic or Saprohytes)

How are Fungi Classified?How are Fungi Classified?

Fungi are classified Fungi are classified according to the way according to the way they produce spores they produce spores during during Sexual Sexual reproduction. reproduction.

Zygomycota- Zygomycota- ZygosporeZygospore

Basidiomycota- Basidiomycota- BasidiumBasidium

Ascomycota- AscusAscomycota- Ascus

Classification of FungiClassification of Fungi

Phylum: ZygomycotaPhylum: Zygomycota

Phylum: AscomycotaPhylum: Ascomycota

Phylum: BasidiomycotaPhylum: Basidiomycota

Phylum: DeuteromycotaPhylum: Deuteromycota

Phylum ZygomycotaPhylum Zygomycota Common Name: “The Common Molds” Common Name: “The Common Molds” Structures :Structures : ZygosporeZygospore-> -> resting spore that contains zygotesresting spore that contains zygotes RhizoidsRhizoids.-> .-> (roots)Anchor fungus to bread(roots)Anchor fungus to bread StolonsStolons-> -> Stems that run along the surfaceStems that run along the surface Life Cycle: Sexual (2N zygote)Life Cycle: Sexual (2N zygote)

Asexual (N spore)Asexual (N spore) Ex. Bread Mold (Ex. Bread Mold (Rhizopus stoloniferRhizopus stolonifer ) )

Bread Mold Life CycleBread Mold Life Cycle

Phylum AscomycotaPhylum Ascomycota

““The sac Fungi” pg. 532The sac Fungi” pg. 532 Largest phylum in the kingdom Largest phylum in the kingdom

Fungi. Fungi. (write under the phylum (write under the phylum name)name)

StructuresStructures: : FunctionFunction--Ascus (Asci) Ascus (Asci) ->->The Ascus is a The Ascus is a

cup like structure where sexual cup like structure where sexual spores are produced. spores are produced.

--ConidiaConidia-> -> Asexual sporesAsexual sporesLife Cycle: Sexual (2N zygote)Life Cycle: Sexual (2N zygote)

Asexual (N Conidia)Asexual (N Conidia)Ex. Yeast, Mildew, Cup Fungi.Ex. Yeast, Mildew, Cup Fungi.

Phylum Phylum BasidiomycotaBasidiomycota

““The club fungi”pg. 534.The club fungi”pg. 534.

Very diverse group of fungus.Very diverse group of fungus.

StructureStructure: Basidium-> : Basidium-> the club the club shaped reproductive structure shaped reproductive structure that contains the sporesthat contains the spores

Life Cycle: Sexual (2N zygote, Life Cycle: Sexual (2N zygote, and N basidiospores)and N basidiospores)

Ex. Mushrooms and Shelf Fungi. Ex. Mushrooms and Shelf Fungi. Rusts and smuts that damage Rusts and smuts that damage crops.crops.

Phylum DeuteromycotaPhylum Deuteromycota ““The Imperfect Fungi” pg. 536The Imperfect Fungi” pg. 536

Scientist have never been able to Scientist have never been able to observe a sexual phase in their observe a sexual phase in their life cyle.life cyle.

Structure:Structure: No sexual No sexual reproductive structures foundreproductive structures found

Nothing in the Function BoxNothing in the Function Box

Life cycleLife cycle: Only asexual: Only asexual

Ex. Ex. Penicillium notatum Penicillium notatum (penicillin)(penicillin)

Fungi RelationshipsFungi Relationships Some fungi are Some fungi are decomposersdecomposers.. Fungi are a key component in Fungi are a key component in LichensLichens Lichens Lichens are a symbiotic relationship between a are a symbiotic relationship between a

fungusfungus and a and a photosyntheticphotosynthetic algaealgae.. Helps plants by absorbing Helps plants by absorbing waterwater and and mineralsminerals.. Helps fungus by providing Helps fungus by providing energy.energy. Lichens are often a pioneer organism in barren Lichens are often a pioneer organism in barren

environments, and a good indicator of air quality. environments, and a good indicator of air quality. MycorrhizaeMycorrhizae are mutualistic relationships are mutualistic relationships

between a between a fungusfungus and and plantplant rootsroots..

Fungus as a parasiteFungus as a parasite

Athletes FootAthletes Foot RingwormRingworm