Chapter # 2

Ideologies of Individualism and Collectivism

Ideologies are sometimes based on the philosophy and thought of groups of thinkers

(schools of thought)Liberal Thought

Dead Liberal Philosophers Thomas Hobbes (1588 – 1679)John Locke (1632 – 1704)Jean – Jacques Rousseau (1712 -1778)Adam Smith (1723 -90)Socialism John Stuart Mill (1806 – 73)Karl Marx (1818-83)

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Bumper stickers

Bumper Stickers p.62

Read each bumper sticker and decide whether it is for individualism or collectivism

Individualism Collectivism Individual rights and

freedoms from government control

Self-interest, personal achievement and self reliance

Collectivist endorse the idea of working co-operatively to solve social issues

Collective enterprises, unions and teamwork

Government assistance and control in regards to the economy

Vocabulary Adherence to collective norms Collective interest Collective responsibility Collectivism Common good Competition Co-operation Economic equality Economic freedom Individualism Individual rights and freedoms Liberalism Private property Public property Rule of law Self-interest

Principles of Individualism and Collectivism

Individualism is one possible foundation of ideology and is a foundation for Liberalism.

Rule of Law: everyone is subject to the law, and no one is above the law, not the government, PM, Governor General, not Parliament itself.

Every individual is equal before the law. If anyone were above the law, none of our

liberties would be safe. Are there instances in our society where the

rule of law seems be ignored?

Individual Rights and Freedoms Key principles of individualism and an

important feature of liberal democracies. The right to vote: not all early liberal

democracies extended this right.

England

The charter had six points:1. a vote for all men;2. voting to be secret so that workers would not be afraid of offending their landlord or boss by the way they voted;3. any man could stand for parliament 4. members of parliament to be paid (necessary if workers were to get into parliament);5. electorates to have the same number of voters;6. parliament to be elected every year.Woman received the right to vote in 1919 after WW I ( had to be over 30 yrs.

Those that promoted the rights of woman were called Suffragettes

France

Tennis Court Oath in 1789 Declaration of the rights of man http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAYJNTZk4Hw

France

1789 all men receive the right to vote Woman were granted the right to vote in

1944 ( after France was liberated in WW II)

United States

Declaration of Independence http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yb7MI8NQLoo

In the early years some states in the USA voters had to be male and Protestant

By the time of the Civil War 1860 most white men were allowed to vote, whether or not they owned property,.

Literacy tests, poll taxes, and even religious tests were used in various places, and most white women, people of color, and Native Americans still could not vote.

Men in the USA were opposed to woman suffrage. Women received the right to vote in 1920

Women suffrage Canada The first women to be given the vote in federal elections were nurses serving in World War One.

Manitoba 1916 Alberta and Saskatchewan followed later in 1916, British Columbia in 1917, Ontario in 1917 (women could not hold office until 1919), Nova Scotia in 1918, Yukon in 1919 New Brunswick in 1918 (women could not hold office until 1934), Prince Edward Island in 1922, Newfoundland in 1925 and Quebec in 1940. NWT in 1951 Charter of rights and freedoms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5a1pv_XKCyk

CANADA 1960 Passage of a new Canada Elections

Act removed the disqualification from voting for registered Indians living on reserves. This was partly the result of recognition that many Aboriginal people had served with distinction in the Canadian Forces during the Second World War.

CANADA

2004 : all prisoners in Canadian prisons become eligible to vote in Federal elections

A balance between individual rights and the rights of groups and

society.

South Africa and Apartheid

A legally and physically enforced system of racial segregation and discrimination against blacks and others of coloured descent in South Africa which existed until 1994

Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Guarantees are subject to “ such reasonable limits prescribed by law”

Laws that prohibit the promotion of hatred or discrimination.

The Keegstra Case Keegstra was a high school teacher in the small Alberta town of

Eckville. In 1984, he was charged with unlawfully promoting hatred against an identifiable group under s. 319(2) of the Criminal Code. The charges stemmed from Keegstra's anti-Semitic (anti-Jewish) statements to his students.

He had described Jews as "revolutionists," "treacherous," "impostors," "communists," "secret," " sneaky," " manipulative," and " deceptive." He taught that Jewish people were "barbaric," "subversive," "sadistic," " materialistic," " money-loving," and " power hungry." He advised the students that they were to accept his views as true unless they were able to contradict them. Students who echoed his views generally received better grades than those who didn't. Under the Criminal Code, Keegstra could have made such statements legally if certain conditions applied , but none of them did. He made the statements in public, in his capacity as a teacher. He made them solely to attack Jewish peoples and not in any effort to generate discussion for public benefit.

The Keegstra Case

How did Keegstra defend his actions? He argued that s. 319(2) of the Criminal Code violated his right to freedom of

expression guaranteed under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

. The Court unanimously (4-3 margin) concluded that hate propaganda formed part of protected freedom of expression of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms because hate propaganda is a form of expression.

“If the guarantee of freedom of expression is to have meaning, it must protect expression which disputes even the basic idea of our society. A real commitment to respect for freedom of expression demands nothing less."

Private Property p74-75

What is a definition of Private Property? How have First Nations people viewed

the idea of Private Property? Give example where the protection of

private property can also be a source of conflict.

Economic Freedom

Adam Smith: philosopher who believed that government should leave the economy alone to fend for itself.

Define the following terms: economic freedom, free market, self interest, competition and the welfare state.

Read p.78-79 Do you support economic freedom? For what

reasons?

Supply and Demand

Demand: the quality of a good that consumers will buy at any one time depends on the price.

The higher the price, the less quantity people are willing to buy.

The lower the “market price” the more units will be demanded.

The relationship between price and quantity bought is called the demand schedule or demand curve.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5Gppi-O3a8 the power of a pencil

Demand Tends to increase when: consumers have more money the price of the goods fall a shortage is feared --- people stock up

SUPPLY

The supply curve is the relationship between “ market price” and the amount producers are willing to supply.

The lower the “ market price” the less the farmer will put on the market.

Supply Supply tends to increase when: demand is up prices rise more producers offer the goods for sale

Equilibrium The only price that can last----- the

amount which will be supplied and the amount demanded are equal.

Principles of Collectivism IMPT.CONEPTS What are the characteristics of a system that promotes Economic equality?

Summarize these into your notes IMPT. Define the term co-operation and explain

how groups achieve their common goals. How have Aboriginal peoples

approached decisions from a collective base? **

Public Property/Collective Interests 82-83

Karl Marx Liberal democracies

•Define the term Public Property and contrast the following case studies.

Collective Responsibility? Collective Norms P.84-86

Do you support collective responsibility that asserts that there is no individual action for which the group cannot in some way be held accountable?

Would you want to live in a society in which membership depended on adherence to particular standards? Why or why not?

Concept Review P rivate property R ule of law: I ndividual rights and

freedoms C ompetition E conomic freedom S elf-interest

Collectivism Economic equality Co-operation Public property Collective interests Collective responsibility Collective norms

Contemporary Individualism and Collectivism

Pause and Reflect p. 87 In what ways do you think Jeff Skoll is an

example of individualism? In what ways do his actions demonstrate collectivism?

What are some of the attitudes and examples about individualism and collectivism in North America and Europe? p.88-91 Read and make notes.

Social Programs and Public Service NOTES

Examples healthcare, employment insurance, welfare, public education

All have access Willingness to pay taxes demonstrates

the collective group. May limit our individual freedom i.e.

economic freedom / taxes

Child Care and Ideology

Something to think about: To what extent is child care the responsibility of the government? P.92-93

How do various forms of child-care provision and funding reflect specific principles of individualism or collectivism?

Where Collectivism and Individualism meet p.96

Principles of Individualism

Principles of Collectivism

DEFENDING YOUR IDEOLOGY

SEE HANDOUT

DONE stop here

Kibbutz and NGO’s

Collectivist and Individual values

Collectivist and Individual values

Up in Smoke: Exploring the Characteristics of Ideologies

RM2.3 analyzing Two Debate Positions Questions 1-10 as a group Prepare to write an in class short answer

on the topic: Should the government infringe on a smoker’s individual freedom in order to promote the well-being of society?

If we have time

CHAPTER 2Understanding Individualism and

Collectivism

Compare the three views of modern society expressed in the quotations on p.64-65

Do you think any of them is an accurate description of Canadian Society?

Define the terms : autonomy, self-reliance and common good.

Individualism/Collectivism

Read through pages 65-70

Ancient times

The Parthenon Athens, Greece. (built: 447-438BC, )

Mesopotamian

Cradle of civilization

Ancient Times Individualism:

Mesopotamian was the first to create property law

Aristotle: ”every one thinks chiefly of his own”

Individual rights and freedoms

Early society were collectivists because it was possible to survive only by working and hunting as a group.

New testament:” and they began sharing all things in common”

Early Understandings of Individualism and Collectivism

Medieval Period to the Renaissance

Medieval Period Individualism: common people

were worth very little Development in art , science,

commerce, were not emphasized and the individual life here on earth mattered little.

A king held power ( divine right of kings) and this allowed for very little individualism in political matters.

Collectivism: security and order were provided by earthly rulers.

The Catholic church was very important. People began to focus on the life after and not material things.

What mattered is how you fit into your group. ie. peasant or craftsman, not your individual identity

Renaissance 1450-1600

Renaissance 1450-1600

Florence Italy

The Renaissance ( rebirth) 1450-1600

The Renaissance brought a greater interest in individualism

Renewed interest in classical and Roman culture classical ideas about the central importance of life in this world.

Ancient Greek culture had been very humanistic and very individualistic.

Michelangelo: sculptures and paintings celebrated individual human form.

The Protestant Reformation

Martin Luther posted a proposal at the doors of a church in Wittenberg, Germany to debate the doctrine and practice of indulgences.

The Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation The growth of

Individualism by challenging the authority of the dominant Roman Catholic Church.

The development of the printing press by Gutenberg allowed people to read the Bible and interpret their faith on a more personal level.

The Church had interpreted religion for the people.

P.76-77 skCreate a web for each case, on which you note the individual rights involved for those enjoying the music and those creating and selling the music.