Chapter 18: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy

Early Presidents: 1789-1849George Washington (Fed) 1789-1797John Adams (Fed) 1797-1801Thomas Jefferson (D-R) 1801-1809James Madison (D-R) 1809-1817James Monroe (D-R) 1817-1825John Q. Adams (D-R) 1825-1829Andrew Jackson (D) 1829-1837Martin Van Buren (D) 1837-1841William H. Harrison/ John Tyler (W) 1841-1845James K. Polk 1845-1849 (D)

".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth."- John L. O'Sullivan (1845)

John Winthrop, “City Upon A Hill”, 1630

William Henry Harrison (1841)•1st Whig President•“Old Tippecanoe”•Shortest Term in US History

John Tyler, Whig (in name only)•Harrison’s VP, (1841-1845)•Vetoed Bank Plan•Vetoed Tariff •Cabinet resigned (except Webster)•Whigs attempt to impeach•Aroostook War settled with Webster-Ashburton Treaty (1842)•Attempts to Annex Texas (finished under Polk)

Aroostook War led Aroostook War, 1839•Van Buren admin•Preceded by Caroline Incident•Bloodless•Lumberjack War•Settled by Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Forts of the Hudson’s Bay Company, 1845

Fort Vancouver, 1813- Hudson’s Bay Company

Robert Gray, American discovers the Columbia River in 1792

Jason Lee, early missionaryPioneer to Willamette ValleyEstablished in 1831

By 1845, 5000 Americans lived inOregon Territory

Early Catholic Priests

Fathers Blanchet (L), DeSmet (R), DeMers (C)

Waiilatpu Mission, founded by Marcus Whitman in 1836

Tiloukaikt and Tomahas, Cayuse chiefs

Whitman Massacre (artist depiction), 1847

State of Washington’s two Statues in the US Capitol:Marcus Whitman and Mother Joseph

Loser(again)

James K Polk, Democrat•1845-1849 (one term)•Underestimated•Visionary of “Manifest Destiny”•Texas annexed•Oregon Border established (1846) “54-40 Or Fight”•Walker Tariff (reduced rates)•Independent Treasury Bill•Wilmot Proviso Introduced (not passed)•Mexican-American War (46-48)•Treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo (Cali, Nev, Ariz, NM to USA)•California Gold Rush begins

Western Acquisitions During Polk’s Presidency

John Slidell, US Minister to Mexico, 1845

Causes of the MexAm War•Unpaid Debts by Mexicans•Rejection of Slidell’s Offer •Attack of US Troops on the Border (see GW Bush WMD)

US House of Representatives, 1845

MexAm War Heroes:Winfield Scott “Old Fuss and Feathers”/ Zachary Taylor “Old Rough ‘n Ready”

“Spotty” Lincoln

Whig Congressman from Illinois

Lost bid for re-election because of his opposition to the Mex-Am War

Henry David Thoreau

Walden

“Essay on Civil Disobedience”

Nicholas TristNegotiated the Treaty ofGuadaloupe Hidalgo(1848)

Guadaloupe Hidalgo1848

Gadsden Purchase, 1853

Effects of the MexAm War

•13,000 American lives lost (Blood for Land)•Treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo increased US by 1/3•Manifest Destiny reinforced•Gave experience for Civil War soldiers•Tarnished Latin American Relations•Increased Slavery Tension

(ie- Wilmot Proviso)

Bear Flag was first raised in 1846 by John C. Fremont in Sonoma, CAIn 1847, Stephen Kearney’s US troops replace it Stars & Stripes