Chapter 17 Pacific South America

6th Grade Social Studies

Section 1: Physical Geography

Strait of Magellan Tierra del Fuego Cape Horn Amazon River Altiplano Lake Titicaca Lake Poopo Atacama Desert Andes

Vocabulary

Strait- A narrow passageway that connects two large bodies of water

Selvas- The thick tropical rain forests of eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, and northern Bolivia

Vocabulary (cont.)

El NiñoAn ocean and weather pattern in the Pacific Ocean in which ocean waters become warmer

Peru Current- A cold ocean current off the coast of western South America

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Main Ideas

The main landform region of Pacific South America is the Andes.

El Nino is a weather pattern that causes heavy rains along the coast.

SECTION 1

Physical Geography

Physical Geography of Pacific South AmericaPhysical Geography of Pacific South America

Andes and Altiplano(glaciers, ice cap, Lake Titicaca,

Lake Poopó, dry)

eastern plains(Amazon River rain forest, grass lands, oil, natural gas, silver, gold, other minerals)

Pacific coast(Atacama Desert, fog, minerals)

Pacific Ocean(Peru Current, fish)

Section 2: History and Culture

Main Ideas

The Inca were able to communicate across great distances by using swift runners, a good road system and quipus.

***The Inca were experts in: (NO MOSIACS) 1. road building

2. metalwork3. stonework

Gold and silver attracted Spanish conquerors to Pacific South America.

Section 2: History and Culture

VocabularyQuinoa- (KEEN-wah) A native plant of

South America’s Andean region that yields nutritious seeds

Quipus- (KEE-pooz) Complicated systems of knots tied on strings of various colors, used by the Inca of South America to record information

Viceroy- The governor of a colony

Vocabulary (cont.)

Creoles- American-born descendents of Europeans in Spanish South America

Coup- (KOO) A sudden overthrow of a government by a small group of people

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Terraced Hillsides

*** Early farmers grew crops in the Andes by cutting terraces into the mountains.

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SECTION 2

History and Culture

Achievements and Characteristics of Pre-Inca and Inca Civilizations

Achievements and Characteristics of Pre-Inca and Inca Civilizations

• conquered other Andean peoples by early 1500s

• controlled area from southern Colombia to central Chile

• skilled at stonework and metalwork

• built irrigation projects, road system, suspension bridges

• no wheeled vehicles, horses, or writing system

• used quipus

Pre-Inca Cultures Inca

• in area for thousands of years

• agriculture basis of economy

• cut terraces into hillsides

• domesticated quinoa, grew potatoes

• raised llamas and alpacas

• raised and ate guinea pigs

Machu Picchu

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Section 3: Pacific South America

Today

Guess the countries

Peru

Chile

Bolivia

Ecuador

12

3

4

Main Ideas

Rich oil deposits are drawing people to Ecuador’s eastern lowlands.

Many people move from the countryside to Lima to find jobs in industry and government.

Section 3: Pacific South America Today

VocabularyQuechua- (KE-chuh-wuh) The language of

South America’s Inca; still spoken in the region

Junta- (HOOHN-tuh) A small group of military officers who rule a country after seizing power

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Machu Picchu

Ancient Civilization

in Peru

Guinea Pigs: Peru

The Spanish Version of "The Last Supper" Painted Just For Peru! By Marcos Zapata Showing Christ And The Apostles Having Guinea-Pig, With A Glass Of Chicha!

Yummy!!! Guinea Pig anyone?

SECTION 3Pacific South America Today

Geographic and Economic Features of Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru

Geographic and Economic Features of Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru

Regions

Major Cities

Economy

Ecuador Bolivia Peru

coastal plain, Altiplano, eastern plains

coastal plain, Andes, eastern lowlands

Guyaquil, Quito La Paz, Sucre, Santa Cruz

Lima, Callao

natural gas, farming, fishing, oil

forests for lumber and fruit, minerals, hydroelectric power, tourism

coastal lowland, Andes, eastern lowlands

fertile soil, natural gas, metals

Ecuador

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Equador

***About 19 percent of people who live in Equador speak NATIVE LANGUAGES.

*** The three regions of Equador are:

1. coastal lowlands

2. mouantains

3. eastern lowlands

Bolivia

***Southeastern Bolivia contains wide grassland

Has two capitals, La Paz and SucreHas the highest percentage of Indians of

any South American country.

Important Reminders

***The Inca were experts in: ( notice, NO MOSIACS)

1. road building

2. metalwork

3. stonework

*** Early farmers grew crops in the Andes by cutting terraces into the mountains

continued

*** Early farmers grew crops in the Andes by cutting terraces into the mountains

***About 19 percent of people who live in Equador speak NATIVE LANGUAGES.

*** The three regions of Equador are: 1. coastal lowlands

2. mouantains 3. eastern lowlands

continued

***Southeastern Bolivia contains wide grassland