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Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

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Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization. Birthplace of Civilization. 16. Chapter Introduction Section 1 Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt Section 2 Three World Religions Reading Review Chapter Assessment. Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides. Birthplace of Civilization. 16. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Chapter 16

Birthplace of Civilization

Chapter 16

Birthplace of Civilization

Page 2: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization1616

Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

Chapter Introduction

Section 1 Mesopotamia andAncient Egypt

Section 2 Three World Religions

Reading Review

Chapter Assessment

Page 3: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization1616

Chapter Objectives• Explain how farming, writing, and

government developed in Mesopotamia.

• Examine the artifacts of ancient Egypt. • Explain the basic beliefs of Judaism,

Christianity, and Islam.

• Discuss how past civilizations have contributed to our own culture.

Page 4: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Click the speaker button to play the audio.

Page 5: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization
Page 6: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

1616Guide to ReadingMain Idea

Terms to Know

Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

The peoples of Mesopotamia and Egypt were among the first to build civilizations.

• civilization

• city-state • polytheism • theocracy • cuneiform

• empire • delta • pharaoh

• pyramid • hieroglyphics

• papyrus

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Page 7: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Guide to Reading (cont.)

Reading Strategy

Create a chart like the one on page 466 of your textbook. Write facts about Mesopotamia in the M column and facts about ancient Egypt in the E column.

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Page 8: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Guide to Reading (cont.)

Section Objectives

• Explain the early advancements in Mesopotamia.

• Discuss the ancient Egyptians’ achievements.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Page 9: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Click the speaker button to play the audio.

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Page 10: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

(pages 466–469)Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Mesopotamia• Civilization is a term historians use to

describe a culture that has reached a certain level of development.

• This development includes cities, a system of writing, specialized workers, organized governments and religions, and the use of technology and metals.

• One of the first civilizations grew in the area of land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.

• The name of this area was Mesopotamia.

Page 11: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Mesopotamia (cont.)

• It was part of a larger region known as the Fertile Crescent, which curved from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf.

• Around 4500 B.C., wandering peoples settled in large numbers in Mesopotamia.

• They farmed fertile soil left behind by yearly floods.

• They also created a 12 month calendar based on the phases of the moon, and they invented the plow. (pages 466–469)

Page 12: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Mesopotamia (cont.)

• Some of the villages and towns became city-states, which were made up of the city and farmland around it.

• The earliest of the city-states rose in an area of Mesopotamia called Sumer.

• The Sumerians invented the wheel and the sailboat.

• They also created a form of writing known as cuneiform.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

(pages 466–469)

Page 13: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Mesopotamia (cont.)

• Religion was based on polytheism, or the worship of many gods and goddesses.

• Each city-state was at first a theocracy—it was ruled by religious leaders.

• Around 2300 B.C., the warlike kingdom of Akkad conquered Sumer and several other city-states to create the first empire, or group of states under one ruler.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

(pages 466–469)

Page 14: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Mesopotamia (cont.)

• The kingdom of Babylon defeated the Akkadian Empire around 1800 B.C.

• The greatest Babylonian king was Hammurabi.

• The Code of Hammurabi was an attempt to bring some justice and fairness to the idea of law.

• After Hammurabi’s death, the empire split into smaller territories.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

(pages 466–469)

Page 15: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Mesopotamia (cont.)

• During the 500s B.C., a new Babylonian empire led by Nebuchadnezzar rose and fell.

• Among the most important traders of the time were the Phoenicians, who were located mainly in what is now Lebanon.

• The Phoenicians developed an alphabet that gave rise to the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin alphabets still in use today.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

(pages 466–469)

Page 16: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

How did the Babylonians contribute to the field of mathematics?

The Babylonians contributed to the field of mathematics by developing a number system based on 60. From them, we borrowed the 60-minute hour, 60-second minute, and 360-degree circle.

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Page 17: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Click the speaker button to play the audio.

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Page 18: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

(pages 469–471)

Egypt—Gift of the Nile1616

Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

• Like Mesopotamia, Egypt grew out of a river valley—the Nile, the longest river in the world.

• The two kingdoms of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt were united about 3100 B.C. under a great ruler called a pharaoh.

• The pharaoh was viewed not only as a ruler and priest, but also as a god.

• Most ancient Egyptians lived near the Nile or its delta.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Page 19: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Egypt—Gift of the Nile (cont.)

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

• Egyptians had a polytheistic religion.

• Egyptians believed in life after death. • To preserve the body for the next life, it

was embalmed, or preserved immediately after death, as a mummy.

• The biggest tombs belonged to the pharaohs and were called pyramids.

• Important gods were the sun god Re, the river god Hapi, and the sky god Horus.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

(pages 469–471)

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Egypt—Gift of the Nile (cont.)

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

• The Egyptians conquered many lands, and also suffered defeats.

• Hieroglyphics is a form of picture writing.

• The Egyptians carved or painted hieroglyphics on monuments or papyrus, a plant that grows along the Nile which can be used to make a form of paper.

• They traded across the eastern Mediterranean and spread their ideas and accomplishments.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

(pages 469–471)

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Egypt—Gift of the Nile (cont.)

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

• Egyptians used a number system based on ten and developed geometry.

• Egypt eventually grew weak and was conquered by the even greater empires of Greece and Rome.

• They were able to sew up cuts and set broken bones.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

(pages 469–471)

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

In ancient times, how were people and nations able to dominate one another?

Even then, people and nations that could use technology were able to dominate, or control, other cultures. The Egyptians used bronze and iron weapons and horse-drawn chariots.

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Page 23: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Defining Terms1616

Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

__ 1. Sumerian writing system

__ 2. a culture that has reached a high level of development

__ 3. the worship of many gods and goddesses

__ 4. villages and towns which were made up of the city and farmland around it

__ 5. form of government in which one individual ruled as both religious leader and king

A. civilization

B. city-state

C. polytheism

D. theocracy

E. cuneiform

F. empire

G. delta

H. pharaoh

I. pyramid

J. hieroglyphics

K. papyrus

A

C

B

Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

D

E

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Defining Terms1616

Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

__ 6. Egyptian ruler

__ 7. a form of picture writing

__ 8. area formed from a soil deposit located at the mouth of a river

__ 9. Egyptian paper

__10. Egyptian tomb

__11. group of states under one ruler

A. civilization

B. city-state

C. polytheism

D. theocracy

E. cuneiform

F. empire

G. delta

H. pharaoh

I. pyramid

J. hieroglyphics

K. papyrus

JG

K

Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

I

H

F

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Recalling Facts

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

History What were the two early forms of writing, and where did they develop?

The two early forms of writing were the Sumerian cuneiform and the Phoenician alphabet.

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Recalling Facts (cont.)

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Geography Where did most ancient Egyptians live? Why?

Most ancient Egyptians lived near the Nile River and its delta because the soil there was fertile.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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Recalling Facts (cont.)

1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Math What mathematical contributions did Egyptians make to civilization?

The Egyptians developed a number system based on 10, fractions, whole numbers, and geometry.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Drawing Conclusions Why were the inventions of the wheel and the sailboat important to Sumer?

The wheel helped transportation and the sailboat replaced muscle power with wind power.

Critical Thinking

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Understanding Cause and Effect Why was Hammurabi’s code of laws an important development?

The code of Hammurabi served as a basis for future laws.

Critical Thinking (cont.)

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Analyzing Maps Look at the map on page 467 of your textbook. What do the locations of the towns have in common?

They are located along bodies of water.

Applying Social Studies Skills

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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1616Mesopotamia and Ancient EgyptMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Close

Create a bulletin board display about ancient Egypt with images and captions that highlight important features of the country and its people.

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Page 33: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Guide to Reading

Main Idea

Terms to Know

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Three of the world’s monotheistic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—developed in Southwest Asia.

• monotheism

• covenant

• prophet

• messiah

• disciple • five pillars of faith

• hajj

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Guide to Reading (cont.)

Reading Strategy

Create a chart like the one on page 473 of your textbook. List important beliefs of each religion.

Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Page 35: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Guide to Reading (cont.)

Section Objectives

• Describe the world’s three largest monotheistic religions.

• Explain similarities and differences among Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Page 36: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Click the speaker button to play the audio.

Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Page 37: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

(pages 473–474)

Judaism • Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are

major faiths that are examples of monotheism, or belief in one supreme god.

Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

• Judaism was first practiced by a small group of people in Southwest Asia called the Israelites.

• The followers of Judaism today are known as Jews.

• Their holy book is the Torah.

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Judaism (cont.) • The Jews believe that they are God’s

chosen people and will remain so for as long as they follow God’s laws.

Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

• They believe God made a covenant, or agreement, with Abraham.

• The most well-known of these laws are the Ten Commandments, which were revealed to a prophet, or messenger of God, named Moses.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

(pages 473–474)

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Judaism (cont.) • About 1000 B.C., King David created a

kingdom in the area of present-day Israel.

Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

• The capital of this kingdom was Jerusalem.

• Eventually, the Jewish people spread to many countries throughout the world.

• Jewish scholars, writers, artists, and scientists have greatly increased the world’s knowledge.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

(pages 473–474)

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Judaism (cont.)

Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

• In other areas they have been treated cruelly.

• Jews celebrate several important holy days, including Passover, Rosh Hashanah, and Yom Kippur.

• In some areas Jews have been treated with tolerance.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

(pages 473–474)

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From whom do the Jewish people believe they are descended?

According to Jewish belief, the Jews are descended from Abraham and Sarah, who first worshipped the one God, or Yahweh.

Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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(pages 475–476)

Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Christianity• Christianity arose from Judaism in

Southwest Asia.

• Some Jews greeted him as the Messiah, or savior, who would deliver them from the Romans.

• Later, it spread to non-Jews.

• A Jew named Jesus began preaching in what is today Israel, the West Bank, and Jordan.

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Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Christianity (cont.)

• Jesus was convicted of treason under Roman law and crucified outside Jerusalem.

• The disciples spread Jesus’ teachings across the Roman world and beyond.

• His disciples, or followers, proclaimed he then rose from the dead.

• They began preaching that Jesus was the Son of God.

• The holy book of the Christians is the Bible.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

(pages 475–476)

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Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Christianity (cont.)

• Christians were often persecuted until the Roman emperor Constantine became a Christian and proclaimed Christianity a lawful religion of the Roman Empire.

• Christianity later became divided into Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox Christians.

• A third group—Protestants—formed much later.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

(pages 475–476)

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Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Christianity (cont.)

• Christianity has more followers than any other religion.

• Christian holidays include Christmas, Good Friday, and Easter.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

(pages 475–476)

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

What is Easter?

Easter, believed to be the day that Jesus rose from the dead, is the most important day of the Christian calendar.

Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

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Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Islam

(pages 476–477)

• The followers of Islam are called Muslims.

• Muslims believe that Muhammad is the last and greatest prophet of Allah, or God.

• Muhammad was born A.D. 570 in Makkah.

• He told people there was one God, Allah, before whom all believers are equal.

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Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Islam (cont.)

• Muhammad’s message angered the rich merchants of Makkah.

• In A.D. 622, Muhammad was forced to flee for safety from Makkah to Madinah.

• Muhammad’s forces eventually defeated armies who came to Madinah.

• Muhammad made Makkah the center of Islam.

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(pages 476–477)

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Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Islam (cont.)

• Over time, Muslim armies, merchants, and scholars spread the faith in Asia, North Africa, and parts of Europe.

• There are two main branches of Islam: Sunnis and Shiites.

• They differ on which leaders should rule in the Islamic community.

• The Muslim holy book is the Quran.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

(pages 476–477)

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Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Islam (cont.)

• The Quran describes the five pillars of faith, or the five obligations all Muslims must fulfill.

• Once in each Muslim’s life, he or she must, if able, make the hajj, or journey to Makkah to pray.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

(pages 476–477)

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Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

What is Ramadan?

Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Ramadan is the month, according to Muslim beliefs, in which God began to reveal the Quran to Muhammad. Muslims observe Ramadan by fasting during daylight hours.

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Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Click the speaker button to play the audio.

Page 53: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Defining Terms

__ 1. followers of a specific teacher

__ 2. messenger of God

__ 3. belief in one supreme God

__ 4. an agreement

__ 5. savior sent by God

__ 6. journey to Makkah

__ 7. five obligations all Muslims must fulfill

A. monotheism

B. covenant

C. prophet

D. messiah

E. disciple

F. five pillars of faith

G. hajj

C

AB

Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

D

E

G

F

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Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Recalling Facts

Religion What are the world’s three largest monotheistic religions?

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are the world’s three largest monotheistic religions.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Recalling Facts (cont.)

History What was the Diaspora?

the scattering of Jews to different parts of the world

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Making Comparisons How did the Ten Commandments differ from the religious laws of neighboring regions?

Unlike the laws of neighboring regions, they were based on the worship of one God.

Critical Thinking

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Summarizing Information What are the main holy days for each of the religions discussed in this section?

Judaism’s holy days are Passover, Rosh Hashanah, and Yom Kippur. Christianity’s holy days are Christmas, Good Friday, and Easter. Islam’s holy time is Ramadan.

Critical Thinking (cont.)

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Analyzing Primary Sources Read the quotes in the Primary Source feature on page 475 of your textbook. Summarize each quote in your own words.

Summaries for each religion should reflect the belief in good deeds.

Applying Social Studies Skills

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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Three World ReligionsThree World Religions1616

Close

Create a bulletin board display about the major religious holidays and observances for the different world religions. Use images and captions to explain the significance of these celebrations in selected contemporary societies. At a minimum, you should mention the major holidays of the three monotheistic religions discussed in this section.

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Page 61: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Section 1: Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Main IdeaThe peoples of Mesopotamia and Egypt were among the first to build civilizations.

1616Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

• History The first civilizations developed in Mesopotamia, which was located in the Fertile Crescent.

• History Early advancements in Mesopotamia, Sumer, and Babylon were in farming, writing, and government.

• Geography The Egyptians depended on the Nile River for their livelihood.

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Section 1: Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Main IdeaThe peoples of Mesopotamia and Egypt were among the first to build civilizations.

1616Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

• History Ancient Egypt is known for pharaohs, pyramids, hieroglyphics, and mummies.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

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Section 2: Three World Religions Main IdeaThree of the world’s monotheistic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam—developed in Southwest Asia.

1616Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

• History Judaism is the world’s oldest monotheistic religion. The Jew’s belief in one God was later shared by Christianity and Islam.

• Religion Christians believe Jesus is the Messiah and the Son of God.

• Religion Muslims are followers of Islam. Muslims believe Allah is the one God and Muhammad is the messenger.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

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Page 65: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

1616Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

__ 1. holy journey in Islam

__ 2. early believer in Jesus Christ

__ 3. culture that has reached the level of development where people can specialize their skills

__ 4. god-king of ancient Egypt

__ 5. believing in many gods and goddesses

A. civilization

B. theocracy

C. cuneiform

D. pharaoh

E. polytheism

F. covenant

G. monotheism

H. hajj

I. disciple

J. city-state

I

A

D

E

Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

H

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__ 6. belief in one God

__ 7. ruled by religious leader who is also a king

__ 8. ancient form of writing in Sumer

__ 9. city and its surrounding countryside

__ 10. an agreement

B

C

J

F

G

1616

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

A. civilization

B. theocracy

C. cuneiform

D. pharaoh

E. polytheism

F. covenant

G. monotheism

H. hajj

I. disciple

J. city-state

Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.

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History What was a ziggurat?

a large, steplike Sumerian tower with a temple on the top

Section 1 Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

1616

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

Page 68: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

History Where did the earliest city-states arise?

Sumer

Section 1 Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

1616

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

Page 69: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

History What was the world’s first known story?

the Epic of Gilgamesh

Section 1 Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

1616

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

Page 70: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

History What concepts did we borrow from the Babylonians?

the 60-minute hour, the 60-second minute, and the 360-degree circle

Section 1 Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

1616

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

Page 71: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Culture For what two things are the Phoenicians known?

widespread trading and the alphabet

Section 1 Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

1616

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

Page 72: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

History Who were the Asians that invaded ancient Egypt? What technology did they share?

The Hykos invaded ancient Egypt. They shared the technology of bronze and iron weapons and horse-drawn chariots.

Section 1 Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

1616

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

Page 73: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

History Why did the Egyptians embalm their dead?

to preserve the body for the afterlife

Section 1 Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

1616

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

Page 74: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Religion What is the similarity between Yahweh and Allah?

They are different names for God.

Section 2 Three World Religions

1616

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

Page 75: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Religion What was the role of the messiah in early Jewish and Christian religious belief?

Some Jews believed the messiah would deliver them from the rule of the Romans. Christians believed the messiah would lead them to eternal life after death.

Section 2 Three World Religions

1616

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

Page 76: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

Religion Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are similar in their belief of one supreme god. List some of the differences among the three religions.

different holy books, different holy days, and different prophets

Section 2 Three World Religions

1616

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

Page 77: Chapter 16 Birthplace of Civilization

1616Place Location ActivityMatch the letters on the map with the numbered places listed below.

___ 1. Persian Gulf

___ 2. Lower Egypt

___ 3. Euphrates River

___ 4. Mediterranean Sea

___ 5. Nile River

___ 6. Israel

___ 7. Upper Egypt

___ 8. Saudi Arabia

___ 9. Makkah (Mecca)

___ 10. Jerusalem

B

F

I

D

J

G

C

H

E

AClick the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

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Standardized Test Practice1616

Directions: Study the map below and answer the question on the following slide.

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

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Standardized Test Practice1616

1. What characteristic did the first Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations share?

A They were established in the same year.

B Both civilizations began in North Africa.

C They both developed on the banks of rivers.

D People in both civilizations relied on hunting to obtain food.

Test-Taking Tip: When you answer a map question, do not rely on your memory of the map. Instead, check each answer choice against the information on the map and get rid of answer choices that are incorrect. Eliminating even one wrong choice will help you locate the correct answer.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

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What provided the key that unlocked the meaning of hieroglyphics?

the Rosetta Stone

1616

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Birthplace of CivilizationBirthplace of Civilization

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Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter.

Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to The World and Its People Web site. Click on Chapter 16-Chapter Overviews to preview information about this chapter. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://www.glencoe.com/sec/socialstudies

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Maps

Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

Jerusalem

Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

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Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt

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Jerusalem

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One of the most important technological achievements of the Sumerians was the invention of the wheel. Before wheeled carts were invented, goods were carried by boats or donkeys. The first wheels were made from solid wood, but eventually spokes were designed to reduce the weight.

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The Quran, the holy book of Islam, is believed to be the exact and precise word of God, revealed to Muhammad by the angel Gabriel over a period of approximately 23 years. Although the Quran has been translated into many languages, only the original Arabic is considered the literal word of Allah.

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Language experts only learned to read hieroglyphics in the early 1800s. During the French ruler Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt, a French soldier found what seemed to be a very old stone tablet near the town of Rosetta. This stone tablet provided the key that cracked the code fro hieroglyphics. The Rosetta Stone had the same message written three times—in a form of Egyptian writing called Demotic, in Greek, and in hieroglyphics. Because both the Demotic and Greek could be read, scientists in 1821 were finally able to put meanings to the symbols used in hieroglyphics.

The Rosetta Stone

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Using Library Resources

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Learning the Skill Libraries contain many resources. Here are brief descriptions of important ones:

Your teacher has assigned a major research report, so you go to the library. As you wander the aisles surrounded by books, you wonder: Where do I start my research? Which reference tools should I use?

Encyclopedia: set of books containing short articles on many subjects arranged alphabetically

Biographical Dictionary: brief biographies listed alphabetically by last names

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Learning the Skill Libraries contain many resources. Here are brief descriptions of important ones:

Atlas: collection of maps and charts

Almanac: reference updated yearly that provides current statistics and historical information on a wide range of subjects

Using Library Resources

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Card Catalog: listing of every book in the library, either on cards or on a computer database; search for books by author, subject, or title

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Learning the Skill Libraries contain many resources. Here are brief descriptions of important ones:

Periodical Guide: set of books listing topics covered in magazines and newspaper articles

Computer Database: collections of information organized for rapid search and retrieval

World Wide Web: collection of information on the Internet accessed with a Web browser (Caution: Some information may not be reliable.)

Using Library Resources

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

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Practicing the Skill Suppose you are assigned a research report dealing with Islam. Read the questions below, and then decide which of the resources listed here you would use to answer each question and why.

encyclopedia, biographical dictionary

1. During which years did Muhammad lead Muslims?

2. What is the current number of Muslims in the world today? almanac or World Wide Web

Using Library Resources

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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Practicing the Skill Suppose you are assigned a research report dealing with Islam. Read the questions below, and then decide which of the resources listed here you would use to answer each question and why.

encyclopedia or biographical dictionary

3. What was Muhammad’s early life like? What happened to the Islamic religion after he died?

Using Library Resources

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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The Egyptian PyramidsThe ancient Egyptians viewed the pharaoh, or king, as the most important person on the earth. They believed he was a god who would continue to guide them after his death. A pyramid served as a tomb for the pharaoh and provided a place where the body would safely pass into the afterlife. Rooms inside the pyramid held food, clothing, weapons, furniture, jewels, and everything else the pharaoh might need in the afterlife.

Read the text on page 472 of your textbook and answer the questions on the following slides. Click the mouse button or press the

Space Bar to display the information.

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The Egyptian Pyramids

Egyptians built the pyramids to provide a tomb for the pharaoh and a safe place for the pharaoh to pass into the afterlife.

1. Why did the Egyptians build the pyramids?

2. How many workers did ancient historians and modern archaeologists each think it took to build the Great Pyramid? In the fifth century B.C., Greeks thought it took 100,000 people to build the Great Pyramid. Now experts think it took about 20,000. Click the mouse button or press the

Space Bar to display the answer.

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The Egyptian Pyramids

Workers cut stones from nearby quarries, carved them into shape, and pulled them up ramps to the pyramid site. Builders extended the ramps up the sides of the pyramid to carry rocks to the top. After they reached the top, the ramps were cleared away. Stone-masons smoothed andpolished the stones.

3. Sequencing Information Describe the process experts think Egyptians used to build the pyramids.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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Daily Focus Skills TransparenciesDaily Focus Skills Transparencies

Birthplace of Civilization – Section 1

Birthplace of Civilization – Section 2

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Birthplace of Civilization – Section 1Birthplace of Civilization – Section 1

Answer: B

Daily Focus Skills TransparenciesDaily Focus Skills Transparencies

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Jumada al-Aula

Birthplace of Civilization – Section 2Birthplace of Civilization – Section 2 Daily Focus Skills TransparenciesDaily Focus Skills Transparencies

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

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GeoQuiz Transparencies and ActivitiesGeoQuiz Transparencies and Activities

Southwest Asia – Physical

Southwest Asia – Political

Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

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Southwest Asia — PhysicalSouthwest Asia — Physical GeoQuizGeoQuiz

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Directions: Identify each location that is marked by a letter on the map. Write the correct letter next to the appropriate location below.

____ Red Sea____ Euphrates River____ Zagros Mountains____ Hindu Kush____ Rub́ al Khali____ Taurus Mountains____ Persian Gulf____ Tigris River____ Arabian Sea____ Mt. Ararat

JBFHCADEGI

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Southwest Asia — PoliticalSouthwest Asia — Political GeoQuizGeoQuiz

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Directions: Identify each location that is marked by a letter on the map. Write the correct letter next to the appropriate location below.

____ Turkey____ Afghanistan____ Makkah____ Syria____ Baghdad____ Jerusalem____ Saudi Arabia____ Iran____ Jordan____ Kuwait

CIJFDAGBEH

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