Chapter #11

Electricity & Light Therapy

Electricity•__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Why do we study electricity?

• All cosmetology professionals must have a basic working knowledge of their tools and how to maintain them & the effects they have

Electric Current

• __________________________________

Conductor

• ____________________________________________________________________

• _________________________________• _________________________________• Ionic compounds in ordinary water make

good conductors; hence it is not wise to swim during an electrical storm

Insulator

• Nonconductor• __________________________________

__________________________________• __________________________________

__________________________________

Complete Path

• The path of an electric current from the generating source through conductors and back to its original source

Types of Electric Current

• DC – ______________________: constant, even flowing current that travels in one direction only. Ex: ________________________

• AC – __________________________: rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction. Ex: ______________________________

• ____________ – an apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current. Ex: cell phone car charger

• ____________ – an apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current. Ex: cell phone wall charger

Electric Current

Electrical Measurements• ______: unit that measures _________ or

___________• ______: unit that measures _________ of

electric current flowing through a conductor• ________________: _________________;

current used for facial and scalp treatment• ________: unit that measures _________ of

an electrical current• ________: measurement of ____________

energy is being ____________________• ___________: is _____________; electricity

in your house is measured in kilowatts per hour

Electrical Equipment Safety

• All electrical equipment should be inspected regularly to determine whether it is in safe working condition

Safety Devices

• _________: device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit; it is ________________________________________________________ from overloading the circuit with too much current

• _________________: _________________________ interrupts or _______________ and electric circuit at the first indication of overload; they have all the safety features of fuses but do not require replacement and _______________________

______________________

• All electrical appliances must have at least two electrical connections

• The “live” connection supplies current to the circuit

• The ground connection completes the circuit and ____________________________________________________________________

Electrical plugs

• One being slightly larger than the other guarantees that the plug can only be inserted one way and __________________________________

• Some appliances have a third circular connection that provides ________________________

Guidelines for safe use of electrical equipment

• All appliances you use should be UL certified

• Read all instructions before using• Disconnect all appliances when not in

use• Inspect all electrical equipment

regularly• Keep all wire, plugs, and equipment in

good repair• Use only one plug to each outlet• Avoid contact with water and metal

surfaces when using electricity

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Guidelines for safe use of electrical equipment cont’d

• Do not leave client unattended while connected to an electrical devise

• Keep electrical cords off the floor and away from people’s feet

• Do not attempt to clean around electric outlets while equipment is plugged in

• Do not touch two metal objects at the same time if either is connected to an electric current

• Do not step on or place objects on electrical cords• Do not allow electrical cord to become twisted• Disconnect appliances by pulling on the plug, not the cord• Do not attempt to repair electrical appliances unless you

are qualified

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__________________________

Electrotherapy

• __________________________________

Electrotherapy

• Wall Plate: an instrument that plugs into an ordinary wall outlet and produces different types of currents that are used for __________ & ______________________

• Treatments are called ________________

Electrotherapy Vocabulary

• ____________: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• _____________: _________________________ pole of an electric current

• __________: __________ electrode; usually ______; marked with a “___” or a “____”

• __________: ___________ electrode; usually ______; marked with an “___” or a “___”

3 main modalities

• ___________________ • ___________________ • ___________________

Galvanic• ____________________________• _______________________________________• Produces chemical changes when it passes through the

tissues and fluids of the body• _____________________: process of

__________________________________________________________________________ with the use of electric current using galvanic current

• ___________________: __________________________________________________________________________ using galvanic current ______________________________________________

• __________________: ____________________________________________________________________________________________

• __________________: process used to ____________________________________________________________________________________________

Microcurrent• _____________________________________________

_____________________________________________• Improves blood and lymph circulation

• Produces acidic and alkaline reactions

• Opens and closes hair follicles and pores

• __________________________________________

• __________________________________________

• __________________________________________

• __________________________________________

• Improves natural protective barrier of skin

• Increases metabolism

Tesla High-Frequency

• _________________________current with a _______________________

• ______________________________• ______________________________• ______________________________

____________________________________________________________

• Used to Treat: __________________________________________________________________________________________

Other Electrical Equipment

• Conventional hood hair dryers & heat lamps are sources of dry heat generally used to shorten chemical processing time

• Since dry heat causes evaporation, the hair must be covered with a processing cap to avoid drying -______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Other Electrical Equipment• __________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

• Steamers warm and cleanse the skin by increasing the flow of both oil and sweat

• Estheticians often add essential oils to a facial steamer as part of skin therapy and to enhance general well-being

Other Electrical Equipment• Hair color processing machines or accelerating

machines shorten the time that it takes to process chemical hair services

• Looks similar to a hooded dryer• Dispenses a hot water vapor • _______________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Light Therapy• Electromagnetic radiation:

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• ____________________________________________• _____________________________________________• _____________________________________________• Electromagnetic spectrum: the entire range of

wavelengths

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Light Therapy cont...

• ____________________________________________________________

• Ultraviolet and infrared rays are also forms of electromagnetic radiation but they are invisible because their wavelengths are beyond the visible spectrum of light – invisible rays make of 65% of natural sunlight

• ______________________________• ______________________________

Ultraviolet

• _______________________________• _______________________________• Shorter wavelengths• Penetrate less• Produce less heat than visible light• _____________________________________________• _____________________________________________• _____________________________________________• Exposure time 2 to 3 minutes with gradual increase in

exposure time to 7 to 8 minutes• _____________________________________________

Types of UV Light

• ______: has the longest wavelength of the UV light spectrum and penetrates dermis; ____________________________________________________________

• ______: often called the burning light; frequently associated with sunburns; ______________________________

• UVC: blocked by the ozone layer31

Skin cancer

• ____________________________________________________________________

• Over 1 million new cases being diagnosed each year

• Estimated _____________________ will develop skin cancer and 90% of those will be the ____________________________________________________________________

Infrared

• __________________________________• Longer wavelengths• __________________________________• Produce more heat than visible light• __________________________________• _______________________• _______________________• _______________________

Light and Heat Energy

• Catalysts are used to make reaction happen more quickly; some use light and some use heat

• Sunlight and even artificial room lights can start polymerization in the container. The same can happen when heat curing monomers are place in a hot car trunk, a store window, or other warm are

• This is why it is important to properly store, close and cover your products

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Lasers

• __________________________________________________________________________________________

• Photothermolysis: turns light from laser into heat

• _____________________________________________

• _____________________________________________

• _____________________________________________• Most lasers are classified as a level II medical device

which means that estheticians must be working under the supervision of a qualified physician to operate the laser

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Laser hair removal

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LED

• _____________________________________________• A medical device used to reduce acne, increase skin

circulation, and improve collagen content in the skin• Seeks chromophore (color component within skin such

as blood or melanin)

• Red light LED __________________________________________________________________________________________

• Yellow light LED _______________________________

• Green light LED _______________________________

• Blue light LED _________________________________

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Light Therapy Contraindications

• Light sensitivities

• Phototoxic reactions

• Taking antibiotics

• Has cancer or epilepsy

• Pregnancy

• Under physician’s care

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Intense Pulse Light

• Device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths (broad spectrum) of _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• Treatments are provided under the supervision of a physician.

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