chapter 10: judicial branch
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Chapter 10: Judicial Branch. Describe the organization, functions, and jurisdiction of courts within the American judicial system. Explain the kinds of law. . Federal Court System. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 10: Judicial Branch Describe the organization, functions,
and jurisdiction of courts within the American judicial system.
Explain the kinds of law.
Federal Court System Article III of the Constitution
established a national Supreme Court and gave Congress the power to established inferior courts.
Supreme court is at the top of the court system.
Criminal and Civil Cases U.S. has two separate systemsA. Federal courts B. State courts Criminal case- cases in which juries
decide whether people have committed crimes are tried the most in state courts.
Civil cases- also heard by state courts, are in which two sides disagree over some issue.
Civil Cases Is when one party, or person,
involved sues or takes legal action against another party.
The complaint the first person makes to the court is called a suit or lawsuit.
Federal court jurisdiction Jurisdiction- the authority to hear
and decide a case—only in certain specific areas.
List the 8 specific area in which the Supreme court will hear a case.
8 areas to hear a case 1. Constitution-freedom of speech. 2. Federal law- try people of federal crimes. 3. Admiralty and maritime laws. 4. Disputes in which the United States
government is involved.
5. Controversies between the states. 6. Controversies between citizens of different
states. 7. Disputes involving foreign governments. 8. United states Ambassadors, ministers, and
consuls serving in the foreign countries.
Original and Appellate Jurisdictions Original Jurisdiction – the authority to
hear a case first (determines the facts) Appellate Jurisdiction – authority to
hear an appeal (only reviews legal issues)
1. Appeal: to ask a higher court to review the decision and determine if justice was done.
D is tric t C ou rts
C ou rts o f A p p ea ls
S u p rem e C ou rt
Lower Federal Courts District courts- lowest level of the
courts. The federal courts where trials are
held and lawsuits are begun. It is the only federal court in which
jury trials are held.
District Court Judges Each district court has two judges. Judge decides on the punishment or
fines when the jury finds the defendant guilty.
Other District Court Officials Magistrate- are the ones who issue
court orders and hears the preliminary evidence in a case to determine whether the case should be brought to trial.
U.S. attorney- the governments lawyer. His job is to prove someone has committed a crime.
Serving Subpoenas Marshal- arrest suspects, delivers
defendants to court, and serves people with subpoenas
Subpoenas- is a court order requiring someone to appear in court.
United States Courts of Appeals Federal appeals court, circuit courts
of appeals, or appellate courts. Appellate Jurisdiction- hear only
cases that have come to them on appeal from the lower district courts or from federal regulatory agencies.