CHAPTER 10: AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE CHAPTER 10.1: IMPERIALISM &

AMERICA CHAPTER 10.2: THE SPANISH-

AMERICAN WAR CHAPTER 10.3: ACQUIRING NEW

LANDS CHAPTER 10.4: AMERICA AS A WORLD

POWER

CHAPTER 10.1: IMPERIALISM & AMERICA

THIS SECTION IS ABOUT HOW BEGINNING IN 1867 GLOBAL COMPETITION CAUSED THE U.S. TO EXPAND.

AMERICAN EXPANSIONISM AMERICA FOLLOWS EUROPEAN

POWERS’ POLICY OF IMPERIALISM STRONGER NATIONS EXTEND CONTROL

OVER WEAKER TERRITORIES EUROPEANS CONTROLLED AFRICA & WERE

MOVING ON ASIA

AMERICAN EXPANSIONISM CONT. 3 FACTORS FUELING IMPERIALISM

MILITARY STRENGTH ADMIRAL MAHAN-U.S. MUST BUILD-UP NAVY TO

COMPETE WITH WORLD POWERS, BECAME 3RD LARGEST

NEW MARKETS U.S. PRODUCED MORE FOOD & GOODS THAN NEEDED

HERE, BUT NEEDED MARKETS TO SELL GOODS & MORE RAW MATERIALS

BELIEF IN CULTURAL SUPERIORITY MANY IN U.S. BELIEVED IT WAS AMERICANS’ JOB TO

SPREAD CIVILIZATION & CHRISTIANITY

THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA 1867 SEC. OF STATE W. SEWARD BUYS

ALASKA FOR $7.2 MILLION FROM RUSSIANS DOUBTERS CALLED IT “SEWARD’S FOLLY”

OR “SEWARD’S ICE BOX” .02 CENTS AN ACRE NEW SOURCE OF TIMBER, MINERALS & OIL 1959 ALASKA BECOMES 49TH STATE

THE U.S. TAKES HAWAII 1867 U.S. TAKES MIDWAY ISLANDS IN PACIFIC OCEAN HAWAII HELD STRATEGIC PACIFIC CROSSING

LOCATION AMERICANS OWNED SUGAR PLANTATIONS ON

ISLANDS 1887 U.S. BUILT NAVAL BASE AT PEARL HARBOR G. CLEVELAND RECOGNIZED REPUBLIC OF HAWAII W. McKINLEY FAVORED ANNEXATION OF HAWAII U.S. SENDS MARINES TO OVERTHROW QUEEN ,

CONGRESS PROCLAIMS HAWAII A TERRITORY TO PROTECT WEALTHY AMERICAN SUGAR OWNERS BECAME 50TH STATE IN 1959

CHAPTER 10.2: THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR

THIS SECTION IS ABOUT HOW IN 1898 THE U.S. WENT TO WAR WITH SPAIN TO HELP CUBA GAIN INDEPENDENCE.

CUBANS REBEL AGAINST SPAIN CUBA ONLY 90 MILES FROM SOUTH

FLORIDA U.S. HAD HEAVY INVESTMENTS IN

CUBAN SUGAR CANE PLANTATIONS 1895 CUBA’S SECOND REVOLUTION

EXILES LED BY JOSE MARTI REVOLTED ATTACKED AMERICAN OWNED PROPERTY WANTED TO PROVOKE U.S. TO HELP

WAR FEVER ERUPTS AMERICANS DIVIDED

SUPPORT SPAIN FOR ECONOMIC GAIN SUPPORT CUBANS FOR FREEDOM &

INDEPENDENCE, “CUBA LIBRE!”

YELLOW JOURNALISM BEGINS HEARST & PULITZER PRINT EXAGGERATED

ACCOUNTS OF CUBAN REVOLT TO SELL PAPERS HEARST TELLS ARTIST F. REMINGTON “YOU

FURNISH THE PICTURES & I’LL FURNISH THE WAR.”

WAR FEVER ERUPTS DE LOME LETTER

SPANISH MINISTER’S LETTER STOLEN BY A CUBAN REBEL

CRITICIZED PRES. MCKINLEY, CALLED HIM WEAK

ATTACK ON U.S. PRESIDENT ANGERED AMERICANS

WAR FEVER ERUPTS THE U.S.S. MAINE

2/15/1898 EXPLODES IN HAVANA HARBOR 268 U.S. SAILORS KILLED SPAIN BLAMED FOR THE ATTACK “REMEMBER THE MAINE, TO HELL WITH

SPAIN”

WAR WITH SPAIN ERUPTS 4/20/1898 U.S. DECLARES WAR ON SPAIN “REMEMBER THE MAINE” BECOMES WAR

SLOGAN U.S. LAUNCHES SURPRISE ATTACK ON

SPANISH CONTROLLED PHILIPPINES COMMODORE DEWEY DESTROYS SPANISH FLEET IN

HOURS BY AUGUST U.S. & FILIPINO REBELS DEFEAT SPAIN

WAR WITH SPAIN ERUPTS JUNE 1898 U.S. TROOPS LAND IN CUBA

17,000 AMERICANS TR & ROUGH RIDERS U.S. WINS BATTLES OF SAN JUAN HILL &

KETTLE HILL, TR DECLARED A NATIONAL HERO

JULY 25, 1898 U.S. INVADES PUERTO RICO

WAR WITH SPAIN ERUPTS TREATY OF PARIS 8/12/1898

ENDS WAR WITH SPAIN SEC. OF STATE JOHN HAY SAYS “A

SPLENDID LITTLE WAR” SPAIN FREES CUBA U.S. GOT GUAM, PUERTO RICO & BOUGHT

PHILIPPINES FOR $20 MILLION

WAR WITH SPAIN ERUPTS DEBATE OVER U.S. IMPERIALISM

PRES. MCKINLEY FOR IMPERIALISM B.T. WASHINGTON, ANDREW CARNEGIE &

SAM GOMPERS AGAINST IMPERIALISM POLITICAL, ECONOMIC & MORAL REASONS

AGAINST THE TAKING OF COUNTRIES

CHAPTER 10.3: ACQUIRING NEW LANDS

THIS SECTION IS ABOUT HOW, IN THE EARLY 1900s, THE U.S. ENGAGED IN CONFLICTS IN PUERTO RICO, CUBA & THE PHILIPPINES.

RULING PUERTO RICO U.S. OCCUPIES PR DURING WAR WITH SPAIN

PR UNDER U.S. MILITARY CONTROL STRATEGICALLY IMPORTANT FOR U.S. PRESENCE

IN CARIBBEAN 1900 FORAKER ACT

ENDED MILITARY RULE, SET-UP CIVILIAN GOV’T U.S. PRES. APPOINTS PR GOVERNOR

1917 PRs GRANTED U.S. CITIZENSHIP PR IS A U.S. TERRITORY AND HAS REFUSED

STATEHOOD SEVERAL TIMES

CUBA & THE U.S. U.S. TROOPS OCCUPY CUBA AT END OF SPANISH-

AMERICAN WAR U.S. MILITARY PROVIDES AID TO CUBA 1900 CUBA WRITES ITS’ OWN CONSTITUTION

1901 U.S. FORCES CUBA TO ADD PLATT AMENDMENT, MADE CUBA A U.S. PROTECTORATE

U.S. WOULD CONTROL SOME ASPECTS OF CUBAN GOV’T U.S. COULD BUY/LEASE LAND FOR NAVAL BASE

(GUANTANOMO BAY) U.S. WANTED TO PROTECT BUSINESS INTERESTS IN

CUBA, CARNEGIE WAS AGAINST COLONIZING NATIONS

FILIPINOS REBEL FILIPINOS OUTRAGED OVER U.S.

ANNEXATION (TAKE OVER) THE PHILIPPINES WERE A STRATEGIC

GATEWAY TO ASIAN COUNTRIES INCLUDING CHINA

AGUINALDO (FILIPINO REBEL) VOWS TO FIGHT AMERICA FOR INDEPENDENCE

FILIPINOS REBEL 2/1899 PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR BEGINS

FILIPINOS USE GUERRILLA TACTICS U.S. CRACKS DOWN ON CIVILIANS 3 YEAR WAR-COST $400 MILLION

20,000 FILIPINOS KILLED 4,000 AMERICANS KILLED

U.S. WINS, SETS-UP NEW GOV’T PHILIPPINES BECOMES INDEPENDENT 7/4/1946

FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CHINA EUROPEAN POWERS ALREADY IN CHINA;

FRANCE, GERMANY & BRITAIN, JAPAN ALSO MOVING INTO CHINA

U.S. OPEN DOOR POLICY SEC. STATE JOHN HAY FEARED CHINA WAS BEING

CARVED INTO COLONIES WRITES LETTERS TO FOREIGN POWERS “OPEN

DOOR NOTES” ASKED IF OTHER POWERS WOULD SHARE TRADING

RIGHTS WITH U.S. NO NATION WOULD HAVE MONOPOLY IN CHINA

FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CHINA 3 BELIEFS OF OPEN DOOR POLICY &

AMERICA’S INDUSTRIAL CAPITALIST ECONOMY: U.S. ECONOMIC GROWTH DEPENDED ON

EXPORTS U.S. HAD THE RIGHT TO INTERVENE

OVERSEAS TO PROTECT MARKETS CLOSING ANY AREA OF THE WORLD TO

AMERICA THREATENED OUR SURVIVAL

FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CHINA THE BOXER REBELLION

BOXERS-(MARTIAL ARTS SOCIETY) VOWED TO RID CHINA OF “FOREIGN DEVILS”

1900 REBELLION BEGINS IN 2 MONTHS BOXERS KILL HUNDREDS OF

FOREIGNERS & MISSIONARIES TROOPS FROM BRITAIN, FRANCE,

GERMANY, JAPAN & U.S. PUT DOWN REBELLION

THE IMPACT OF U.S. TERRITORIAL GAINS 1900 MCKINLEY WINS REELECTION

SUPPORTING IMPERIALISM MOST AMERICANS SUPPORTED U.S.

IMPERIALISM ANTI-IMPERIALISTS BELIEVED U.S. SHOULD

NOT RULE OTHER PEOPLE WITHOUT THEIR CONSENT W.J. BRYAN, GROVER CLEVELAND, ANDREW

CARNEGIE, JANE ADDAMS & MARK TWAIN

CHAPTER 10.4: AMERICA AS A WORLD POWER

THIS SECTION IS ABOUT HOW AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT IN THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, THE BUILDING OF THE PANAMA CANAL & INTERVENTION INTO CENTRAL & LATIN AMERICA ADDED TO AMERICA’S POWER.

T. ROOSEVELT & THE WORLD TR BECOMES PRES. IN 1901

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR 1904 JAPAN & RUSSIA FIGHTING OVER KOREA JAPAN SECRETLY ASKS TR TO MEDIATE

PEACE TALKS TR WINS NOBEL PEACE PRIZE FOR ENDING

WAR

T. ROOSEVELT & THE WORLD TR BELIEVED U.S. NEEDED A CANAL

ACROSS CENTRAL AMERICA 1903 U.S. BUYS CANAL RIGHTS FROM

FRENCH CO. U.S. HELPS PANAMA GAIN INDEPENDENCE

FROM COLOMBIA U.S. & PANAMA SIGN TREATY TO SELL/RENT

LAND AS PART OF “CANAL ZONE”

T. ROOSEVELT & THE WORLD THE PANAMA CANAL

1904 CONSTRUCTION BEGINS 1914 CANAL OPENS OVER 43,000 WORKERS 5,600 DIED DURING CONSTRUCTION $380 MILLION TO BUILD FASTER TRAVEL BETWEEN ATLANTIC & PACIFIC

OCEANS 51 MILES LONG, USES LOCKS FOR DIFFERING

OCEAN LEVELS

T. ROOSEVELT & THE WORLD TR WANTS U.S. TO BE DOMINANT FOREIGN

INFLUENCE IN CARIBBEAN & CENTRAL AMERICA 1823 MONROE DOCTRINE, PRES. MONROE WARNS

EUROPEAN POWERS TO STAY OUT OF LATIN AMERICA

TR’S POLICY “SPEAK SOFTLY & CARRY A BIG STICK” 1904 ROOSEVELT COROLLARY-U.S. WOULD USE

FORCE TO PROTECT INTERESTS IN LATIN AMERICA & WESTERN HEMISPHERE

TAFT CONTINUED WITH “DOLLAR DIPLOMACY” USE GOV’T LOANS & BANKS TO SUPPORT STRUGGLING NATIONS

WOODROW WILSON’S MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY WILSON’S MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY

ADDED MORAL TONE TO MONROE DOCTRINE U.S. HAD MORAL RESPONSIBILITY TO NOT

RECOGNIZE OPPRESSIVE, UNDEMOCRATIC OR HOSTILE LATIN AMERICAN GOVERNMENTS

WILSON PRESSURED WESTERN GOV’Ts TO BECOME DEMOCRACIES OR LOSE U.S. SUPPORT

WOODROW WILSON’S MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY MEXICAN REVOLUTION 1911

U.S. BACKED MILITARY LEADER WHO WAS OVERTHROWN BY PEASANTS & WORKERS

1913 GENERAL HUERTA SEIZES GOV’T, WILSON REFUSES TO RECOGNIZE “A GOV’T OF BUTCHERS”

1914 U.S. INTERVENES IN MEXICO AFTER ARREST OF U.S. SAILORS

MARINES ORDERED TO VERACRUZ 18 AMERICANS KILLED IN INVASION U.S. & MEXICO NEARLY GO TO WAR

WOODROW WILSON’S MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY

REBELLION IN MEXICO REBEL LEADERS PANCHO VILLA (ROBIN

HOOD FIGURE)& EMILIANO ZAPATA OPPOSE NEW AMERICAN BACKED GOV’T

VILLA THREATENS TO ATTACK U.S. FOR SUPPORTING NEW GOV’T

VILLA’S MEN KILL OVER 20 AMERICANS WORKING IN MEXICO

WOODROW WILSON’S MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY THE HUNT FOR VILLA

WILSON ORDERS JOHN J. PERSHING & 15,000 TROOPS TO MEXICO TO CAPTURE VILLA “DEAD OR ALIVE”

1916 MEXICAN MILITARY ORDERED TO ATTACK U.S. ARMY IN MEXICO

1917 WILSON ORDERS PERSHING BACK TO U.S. AFTER 1 YEAR, U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN WWI SET TO BEGIN

VILLA LATER ASSASSINATED IN 1923