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Ch.2, Sec.1 Spain Claims an Empire South America South America North & Central America North & Central America

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Ch.2, Sec.1 Spain Claims an Empire - In A.D. 1493, Pope Alexander VI created an invisible line called the Line of Demarcation, which gave Portugal access to lands East of the line & Spain to the west

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Ch.2, Sec.1 Spain Claims an Empire - In A.D. 1494, both countries signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, which moved the line 800 miles to the west, giving Portugal access to more lands

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Ch.2, Sec.1 Spain Claims an Empire Spain and Portugal Compete Spain and Portugal Compete - after the Treaty of Tordesillas was signed, both countries increased their voyages of exploration - European countries had three goals during their explorations: 1. spread Christianity beyond Europe 1. spread Christianity beyond Europe 2. expand the size of their empires 3. become wealthier countries - Europeans used an economic system called mercantilism to allow colonies to help their empires become wealthier

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Ch.2, Sec.1 Spain Claims an Empire mercantilism: an economic system in which nations increase their wealth and power by obtaining gold and silver, and by establishing a favorable balance of trade Which nation becomes wealthier from this transaction? Spain!

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Ch.2, Sec.1 Spain Claims an Empire Europeans Explore Foreign Lands Europeans Explore Foreign Lands - Amerigo Vespucci reached South America & realized it was not a part of Asia - a German mapmaker realized the importance of Vespuccis voyages and named the lands he discovered America - the 1 st explorer to reach the Pacific Ocean was a Spaniard named Balboa - in A.D. 1519, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan was the 1 st to sail around the world

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Ch.2, Sec.1 Spain Claims an Empire Magellans Route Magellans Route

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Ch.2, Sec.1 Spain Claims an Empire The Invasion of the Americas The Invasion of the Americas conquistador: Spanish soldiers responsible for conquering & claiming American lands for Spain - in A.D. 1519, Hernando Cortes set his sights on conquering the Aztec Empire - Aztec ruler Montezuma II welcomed Cortes, but soon disliked his intentions for working with the Aztec people

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Ch.2, Sec.1 Spain Claims an Empire - Montezuma II ruled from the city of Tenochtitln which was the capital of the Aztec empire - the Aztec empire was eventually conquered by Cortes in A.D. 1521

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Ch.2, Sec.1 Spain Claims an Empire Aztec Capital of Tenochtitln Aztec Capital of Tenochtitln

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Ch.2, Sec.1 Spain Claims an Empire - In A.D. 1531, Francisco Pizarro marched into Peru and conquered the Incas and their leader, Atahualpa

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Ch.2, Sec.1 Spain Claims an Empire - the Spanish were able to defeat the Native Americans because of 3 important factors: 1. Diseases brought from Europe (smallpox, typhus, cholera, measles) 2. Superior soldiers & weapons (armor, guns) 3. Alliances with Native Americans who were enemies of the Aztecs & Inca

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Ch.2, Sec.1 Spain Claims an Empire Other Spanish Explorers Other Spanish Explorers - from A.D. 1539 1542, Spain sent three expeditions into North America looking for cities of gold (El Dorado, Cibola) - famous explorer, Coronado, traveled through Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico looking for gold