CH.13CH.13

EXPANSION AND CRISIS EXPANSION AND CRISIS IN THE U.S.IN THE U.S.

WESTERN EXPANSION:WESTERN EXPANSION: U.S. ADDS NEW TERRITORY:U.S. ADDS NEW TERRITORY:

• JEFFERSON BUYS LOUISIANA TERRITORY FROM JEFFERSON BUYS LOUISIANA TERRITORY FROM FRANCE.FRANCE.

• SPAIN GAVE UP FLORIDA TO THE U.S.SPAIN GAVE UP FLORIDA TO THE U.S.• A TREATY W/ GREAT BRITAIN GAVE THE U.S. A TREATY W/ GREAT BRITAIN GAVE THE U.S.

THE OREGON TERRITORY.THE OREGON TERRITORY.• TEXAS REVOLTS FROM MEXICO AND IS TEXAS REVOLTS FROM MEXICO AND IS

ANNEXED BY THE U.S.ANNEXED BY THE U.S.• AS PART OF THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR AS PART OF THE MEXICAN-AMERICAN WAR

SETTLEMENT, MEXICO CEDED FROM TEXAS TO SETTLEMENT, MEXICO CEDED FROM TEXAS TO CALIFORNIA TO THE U.S.( THIS WAS KNOWN AS CALIFORNIA TO THE U.S.( THIS WAS KNOWN AS THE MEXICAN CESSION )THE MEXICAN CESSION )

• GADSDEN PURCHASE: THE U.S. BOUGHT THE GADSDEN PURCHASE: THE U.S. BOUGHT THE SOUTHERN BOUNDARY OF NEW MEXICO AND SOUTHERN BOUNDARY OF NEW MEXICO AND ARIZONA FROM MEXICO.ARIZONA FROM MEXICO.

WESTERN EXPANSION:WESTERN EXPANSION:

WESTERN EXPANSION:WESTERN EXPANSION: MANIFEST DESTINY: THE IDEA THAT MANIFEST DESTINY: THE IDEA THAT

AMERICANS HAD THE RIGHT AND DUTY TO AMERICANS HAD THE RIGHT AND DUTY TO EXPAND FROM THE ATLANTIC OCEAN TO EXPAND FROM THE ATLANTIC OCEAN TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN.THE PACIFIC OCEAN.

INDIAN REMOVAL ACT: LAW THAT INDIAN REMOVAL ACT: LAW THAT ENABLED THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT ENABLED THE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT TO FORCE NATIVE AMERICANS TO MOVE TO FORCE NATIVE AMERICANS TO MOVE WESTWARD ONTO RESERVATIONS THAT WESTWARD ONTO RESERVATIONS THAT WERE FAR INFERIOR TO THE LANDS THAT WERE FAR INFERIOR TO THE LANDS THAT THEY CAME FROM.THIS JOURNEY WAS THEY CAME FROM.THIS JOURNEY WAS CALLED THE TRAIL OF TEARS.CALLED THE TRAIL OF TEARS.

TRAIL OF TEARSTRAIL OF TEARS

                                 

           

                                            

                                 

           

TRAIL OF TEARSTRAIL OF TEARS

CIVIL WAR TESTS DEMOCRACY:CIVIL WAR TESTS DEMOCRACY: MAJOR DIFFERENCES OF THE NORTH AND THE MAJOR DIFFERENCES OF THE NORTH AND THE

SOUTH:SOUTH:• NORTH:NORTH:

HAD A DIVERSIFIED ECONOMY WITH BOTH HAD A DIVERSIFIED ECONOMY WITH BOTH FARMING AND INDUSTRY.FARMING AND INDUSTRY.

NORTHERNERS THOUGHT SLAVERY WAS NORTHERNERS THOUGHT SLAVERY WAS MORALLY WRONG AND WANTED TO MORALLY WRONG AND WANTED TO OUTLAW IT IN NEW STATES OR OUTLAW IT OUTLAW IT IN NEW STATES OR OUTLAW IT ALLTOGETHER.ALLTOGETHER.

THOUGHT THAT THE CONSTITUTION THOUGHT THAT THE CONSTITUTION DEVELOPED A SINGULAR UNION UNDER ONE DEVELOPED A SINGULAR UNION UNDER ONE SET OF LAWS.SET OF LAWS.

• SOUTH:SOUTH: HAD AN ECONOMY BASED ON AGRICULTURE HAD AN ECONOMY BASED ON AGRICULTURE

ALONE.ALONE. FELT THAT THE SOUTH NEEDED SLAVERY TO FELT THAT THE SOUTH NEEDED SLAVERY TO

SUSTAIN THEIR LIFESTYLE.SUSTAIN THEIR LIFESTYLE. FELT THAT EACH STATE ENTERED THE U.S. FELT THAT EACH STATE ENTERED THE U.S.

FREELY AND COULD LEAVE AS THEY WISH. FREELY AND COULD LEAVE AS THEY WISH.

CIVIL WAR:CIVIL WAR: CONFLICT B/N THE NORTH AND THE CONFLICT B/N THE NORTH AND THE

SOUTH REACHED A CLIMAX IN 1860 SOUTH REACHED A CLIMAX IN 1860 WHEN ABRAHAM LINCOLN WAS WHEN ABRAHAM LINCOLN WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT.ELECTED PRESIDENT.

SOUTHERNERS FIERCELY OPPOSED SOUTHERNERS FIERCELY OPPOSED LINCOLN AND ONE BY ONE BEGAN LINCOLN AND ONE BY ONE BEGAN TO SECEDE FROM THE UNION.TO SECEDE FROM THE UNION.

APRIL 12, 1861 THE CIVIL WAR APRIL 12, 1861 THE CIVIL WAR BEGAN WHEN CONFEDERATE BEGAN WHEN CONFEDERATE FORCES FIRED ON FORT SUMTER, A FORCES FIRED ON FORT SUMTER, A FEDERAL FORT IN CHARLESTON, FEDERAL FORT IN CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA.SOUTH CAROLINA.

CIVIL WAR:CIVIL WAR: DURING THE WAR THE SOUTH HAD DURING THE WAR THE SOUTH HAD

SUPERIOR LEADERSHIP BUT THE SUPERIOR LEADERSHIP BUT THE NORTH HAD A LARGER POP., BETTER NORTH HAD A LARGER POP., BETTER TRANSPORTATION, GREATER TRANSPORTATION, GREATER RESOURSES, AND MORE FACTORIES RESOURSES, AND MORE FACTORIES FOR MANUFACTORING WEAPONS FOR MANUFACTORING WEAPONS AND SUPPLIES.AND SUPPLIES.

IN APRIL 1865, THE SOUTH IN APRIL 1865, THE SOUTH SURRENDERED TO THE NORTH.SURRENDERED TO THE NORTH.

GRANT LED UNION ARMYGRANT LED UNION ARMY LEE LED THE CONFEDERATE ARMYLEE LED THE CONFEDERATE ARMY

LINCOLN FORD’S THEATRELINCOLN FORD’S THEATRE

JOHN WILKES BOOTHJOHN WILKES BOOTHMay 10, 1838 - April 26, 1865May 10, 1838 - April 26, 1865

PETERSON HOUSEPETERSON HOUSE

BOOTHE’S GUN AND KNIFEBOOTHE’S GUN AND KNIFE

ABOLITION OF SLAVERY:ABOLITION OF SLAVERY: LINCOLN ARGUED THROUGHOUT THE WAR LINCOLN ARGUED THROUGHOUT THE WAR

THAT HE WAS FIGHTING TO UNITE THE THAT HE WAS FIGHTING TO UNITE THE UNION AND NOT TO END SLAVERY.UNION AND NOT TO END SLAVERY.

BUT, EVENTUALLY HE DECIDED THAT BUT, EVENTUALLY HE DECIDED THAT ENDING SLAVERY WOULD HELP TO ENDING SLAVERY WOULD HELP TO REUNITE THE UNION.REUNITE THE UNION.

IN 1862 HE PASSED THE EMANCIPATION IN 1862 HE PASSED THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION, THIS DECLARED THAT PROCLAMATION, THIS DECLARED THAT ALL STATES IN THE UNION WOULD BE ALL STATES IN THE UNION WOULD BE FREE STATES.FREE STATES.

AMENDMENTS PASSED:AMENDMENTS PASSED:• 1313THTH: FOREVER ABOLISHED SLAVERY IN ALL OF : FOREVER ABOLISHED SLAVERY IN ALL OF

THE U.S.THE U.S.• 1414THTH: EXTENDED THE RIGHT TO CITIZEN: EXTENDED THE RIGHT TO CITIZENSHIP TO ALL AMERICANS. BLACK OR WHITE.SHIP TO ALL AMERICANS. BLACK OR WHITE.

ABOLITION OF SLAVERY:ABOLITION OF SLAVERY: 1515THTH: GUARANTEED FORMER SLAVES THE : GUARANTEED FORMER SLAVES THE

RIGHT TO VOTE.RIGHT TO VOTE. THESE AMENDMENTS DID NOT END THE THESE AMENDMENTS DID NOT END THE

FIGHT FOR EQUALITY FOR BLACK FIGHT FOR EQUALITY FOR BLACK AMERICANS.AMERICANS.

SOUTHERN STATES BEGAN TO PASS SOUTHERN STATES BEGAN TO PASS SEGREGATION LAWS: THESE LAWS SEGREGATION LAWS: THESE LAWS ENCOURAGED THE SEPARATION OF ENCOURAGED THE SEPARATION OF BLACKS AND WHITES IN SOCIETY.BLACKS AND WHITES IN SOCIETY.

IMMIGRATION AND THE COMPLETION OF IMMIGRATION AND THE COMPLETION OF THE TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD THE TRANSCONTINENTAL RAILROAD SPARKED POSTWAR ECONOMIC SPARKED POSTWAR ECONOMIC EXPANSION.EXPANSION.

NINETEENTH CENTURY PROGRESSNINETEENTH CENTURY PROGRESS INTERNAL INTERNAL

COMBUSTION ENGINE COMBUSTION ENGINE AND ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRICITY MADE MANY MADE MANY INVENTIONS INVENTIONS POSSIBLE.POSSIBLE.

THOMAS EDISON: THOMAS EDISON: PATENTED OVER PATENTED OVER 1000 INVENTIONS 1000 INVENTIONS INCLUDING THE INCLUDING THE LIGHT BULB AND THE LIGHT BULB AND THE PHONOGRAPHPHONOGRAPH

ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELLALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL TEACHER OF DEAF TEACHER OF DEAF

STUDENTS WHO STUDENTS WHO INVENTED THE INVENTED THE TELEPHONE IN HIS TELEPHONE IN HIS SPARE TIME.SPARE TIME.

GUGLIELMO MARCONIGUGLIELMO MARCONI ITALIAN INVENTOR ITALIAN INVENTOR

THAT INVENTED THAT INVENTED THE FIRST RADIO.THE FIRST RADIO.

HENRY FORDHENRY FORD INVENTED THE INVENTED THE

ASSEMBLY LINE SO ASSEMBLY LINE SO THAT EVERYONE THAT EVERYONE COULD AFFORD AN COULD AFFORD AN AUTOMOBILE.BUILT AUTOMOBILE.BUILT THE MODEL TTHE MODEL T

ASSEMBLY LINE:A ASSEMBLY LINE:A LINE OF WORKERS LINE OF WORKERS WHO EACH PUT A WHO EACH PUT A SINGLE PIECE ON SINGLE PIECE ON UNFINISHED CARS AS UNFINISHED CARS AS THEY PASS ON A THEY PASS ON A MOVING BELT.MOVING BELT.

WILBUR AND ORVILLE WRIGHTWILBUR AND ORVILLE WRIGHT TWO BICYCLE TWO BICYCLE

MECHANICS FROM MECHANICS FROM DAYTON, OHIO THAT DAYTON, OHIO THAT INVENTED AND FLEW INVENTED AND FLEW THE 1THE 1STST GAS GAS POWERED FLYING POWERED FLYING MACHINE AT KITTY MACHINE AT KITTY HAWK, NORTH HAWK, NORTH CAROLINA ON DEC. CAROLINA ON DEC. 17, 1903.17, 1903.

THE RISE OF MASS CULTURETHE RISE OF MASS CULTURE MASS CULTURE: THE APPEAL OF ART, MASS CULTURE: THE APPEAL OF ART,

WRITING, MUSIC, AND OTHER FORMS OF WRITING, MUSIC, AND OTHER FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT TO A LARGE AUDIENCE.ENTERTAINMENT TO A LARGE AUDIENCE.

3 CAUSES OF THE RISE IN MASS 3 CAUSES OF THE RISE IN MASS CULTURE:CULTURE:• 1. SPREAD OF PUBLIC EDUCATION 1. SPREAD OF PUBLIC EDUCATION

INCREASED LITERACY.INCREASED LITERACY.• 2. IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMUNICATION.2. IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMUNICATION.• 3. WORK DAY WAS LIMITED TO 10 HOURS.3. WORK DAY WAS LIMITED TO 10 HOURS.

VAUDEVILLE: A TRAVELING MUSIC AND VAUDEVILLE: A TRAVELING MUSIC AND ENTERTAINMENT PROGRAM THAT WENT ENTERTAINMENT PROGRAM THAT WENT FROM CITY TO CITY.FROM CITY TO CITY.

THE RISE OF MASS CULTURETHE RISE OF MASS CULTURE MOVIES BECAME A POPULAR PASTTIME.MOVIES BECAME A POPULAR PASTTIME. SPORTS BECAME ENTERTAINMENT FOR SPORTS BECAME ENTERTAINMENT FOR

MILLIONS.MILLIONS.• 11STST MODERN DAY OLYMPICS WERE IN ATHENS MODERN DAY OLYMPICS WERE IN ATHENS

IN 1896.IN 1896.

NEW IDEAS IN MEDICINE AND SCIENCENEW IDEAS IN MEDICINE AND SCIENCE LOUIS PASTEUR: DEVELOPED LOUIS PASTEUR: DEVELOPED

PASTUERIZATION:PROCESS OF KILLING PASTUERIZATION:PROCESS OF KILLING GERMS IN LIQUIDS SUCH AS MILK.GERMS IN LIQUIDS SUCH AS MILK.

JOSEPH LISTER: 1JOSEPH LISTER: 1STST TO INSIST THAT HIS TO INSIST THAT HIS OPERATING ROOM AND UTENSILS BE OPERATING ROOM AND UTENSILS BE STERILE; THIS LEAD TO PUBLIC HEALTH STERILE; THIS LEAD TO PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENTS BEING CLEANER.DEPARTMENTS BEING CLEANER.

CHARLES DARWIN: WROTE THE CHARLES DARWIN: WROTE THE ORIGINORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURALOF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTIONSELECTION; SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST; ; SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST; CALLED HIS THEORY THE THEORY OF CALLED HIS THEORY THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION.EVOLUTION.

NEW IDEAS IN MEDICINE AND SCIENCENEW IDEAS IN MEDICINE AND SCIENCE GREGOR MENDEL: DISCOVERED GREGOR MENDEL: DISCOVERED

GENETICS; THE IDEA THAT THERE IS A GENETICS; THE IDEA THAT THERE IS A PATTERN TO THE WAY THAT CERTAIN PATTERN TO THE WAY THAT CERTAIN TRAITS ARE INHERITED.TRAITS ARE INHERITED.

JOHN DALTON: DISCOVERED ATOMS.JOHN DALTON: DISCOVERED ATOMS. DMITRI MENDELEV: DEVELOPED A CHART DMITRI MENDELEV: DEVELOPED A CHART

THAT ARRANGED ELEMENTS IN ORDER THAT ARRANGED ELEMENTS IN ORDER OF WEIGHT; LATER KNOWN AS THE OF WEIGHT; LATER KNOWN AS THE PERIODIC TABLE.PERIODIC TABLE.

MARIE AND PIERRE CURIE: DISCOVERED MARIE AND PIERRE CURIE: DISCOVERED THE ENERGY KNOWN AS RADIOACTIVITY; THE ENERGY KNOWN AS RADIOACTIVITY; ALSO DISCOVERED RADIUM AND ALSO DISCOVERED RADIUM AND POLONIUM; POLONIUM;

NEW IDEAS IN MEDICINE AND SCIENCENEW IDEAS IN MEDICINE AND SCIENCE THE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGY WAS THE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGY WAS

FOUNDED:THE STUDY OF THE HUMAN FOUNDED:THE STUDY OF THE HUMAN MIND AND BEHAVIOR.MIND AND BEHAVIOR.

IVAN PAVLOV: CONCLUDED THAT AN IVAN PAVLOV: CONCLUDED THAT AN ANIMALS REFLEXES COULD BE CHANGED ANIMALS REFLEXES COULD BE CHANGED OR CONDITIONED THROUGH TRAINING; OR CONDITIONED THROUGH TRAINING; BELIEVED THAT HUMAN ACTIONS WERE BELIEVED THAT HUMAN ACTIONS WERE UNCONSCIOUS.UNCONSCIOUS.

SIGMUND FREUD: UNCONSCIOUS MIND SIGMUND FREUD: UNCONSCIOUS MIND DRIVES HOW PEOPLE ACT AND THINK; DRIVES HOW PEOPLE ACT AND THINK; DEVELOPED THE TREATMENT OF DEVELOPED THE TREATMENT OF PSYCHOANALYSIS;OEDIPUS COMPLEX.PSYCHOANALYSIS;OEDIPUS COMPLEX.