ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORS T E P H E N P. R O B B I N S

W W W . P R E N H A L L . C O M / R O B B I N S

T E N T H E D I T I O N

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. PowerPoint Presentation by Charlie CookPowerPoint Presentation by Charlie Cook

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 9–2

AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER,YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

1. Explain the popularity of teams in organizations.

2. Contrast teams with groups.

3. Identify four types of teams.

4. Describe conditions when teams are preferred over individuals.

5. Specify the characteristics of effective teams.

6. Explain how organizations can create team players.

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© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 9–3

AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER,YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

7. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of diversity for work teams.

8. Explain how management can keep teams from becoming stagnant and rigid.

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© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 9–4

Why Have Teams Become So PopularWhy Have Teams Become So Popular

Teams typically outperform individuals. Teams use employee talents better. Teams are more flexible and responsive to

changes in the environment. Teams facilitate employee involvement. Teams are an effective way to democratize an

organization and increase motivation.

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 9–5

Team Versus Groups: What’s the DifferenceTeam Versus Groups: What’s the Difference

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 9–6

Comparing Work Groups and Work TeamsComparing Work Groups and Work Teams

E X H I B I T 9-1

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Types of TeamsTypes of Teams

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Types of Teams (cont’d)Types of Teams (cont’d)

•Task forces

•Committees

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Types of Teams (cont’d)Types of Teams (cont’d)

Team Characteristics

1. The absence of paraverbal and nonverbal cues

2. A limited social context

3. The ability to overcome time and space constraints

Team Characteristics

1. The absence of paraverbal and nonverbal cues

2. A limited social context

3. The ability to overcome time and space constraints

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 9–10

Beware: Teams Aren’t Always the AnswerBeware: Teams Aren’t Always the Answer

Three tests to see if a team fits the situation:– Is the work complex and is there a need for

different perspectives?– Does the work create a common purpose or set

of goals for the group that is larger than the aggregate of the goals for individuals?

– Are members of the group involved in interdependent tasks?

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 9–11

Creating Effective TeamsCreating Effective Teams

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Creating Effective Teams (cont’d)Creating Effective Teams (cont’d)

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 9–13

Creating Effective Teams (cont’d)Creating Effective Teams (cont’d)

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Creating Effective Teams (cont’d)Creating Effective Teams (cont’d)

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 9–15

A Team-Effectiveness

Model

A Team-Effectiveness

Model

E X H I B I T 9-3

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Key Rolesof Teams

Key Rolesof Teams

E X H I B I T 9-4

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 9–17

Turning Individuals Into Team PlayersTurning Individuals Into Team Players

The Challenges– Overcoming individual resistance to team

membership.– Countering the influence of individualistic

cultures.– Introducing teams in an organization that has

historically valued individual achievement. Shaping Team Players

– Selecting employees who can fulfill their team roles.

– Training employees to become team players.– Reworking the reward system to encourage

cooperative efforts while continuing to recognize individual contributions.

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 9–18

Contemporary Issues in Managing TeamsContemporary Issues in Managing Teams

Team Effectiveness and Quality Management Requires That Teams:1. Are small enough to be efficient and effective.2. Are properly trained in required skills.3. Allocated enough time to work on problems.4. Are given authority to resolve problems and

take corrective action.5. Have a designated “champion” to call on when

needed.

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 9–19

Team and Workforce Diversity:Advantages and Disadvantages of Diversity

Team and Workforce Diversity:Advantages and Disadvantages of Diversity

E X H I B I T 9-5

© 2003 Prentice Hall Inc. All rights reserved. 9–20

Reinvigorating Mature TeamsReinvigorating Mature Teams

Problems of Mature Teams– Becoming stagnant and complacent as

cohesiveness increases.– Developing groupthink.– Confronting more difficult issues.

Reinvigorating Teams1. Prepare members to deal with problems of

maturity.2. Offer refresher training.3. Offer advanced training.4. Encourage teams to treat their development as

a constant learning experience.