Growth of Cities

• Cities were unprepared for the rapid growth

• Positive results of the Industrial Revolution1. Middle class dramatically increased2. Mass produced goods improved the lives of

the rich and poor3. Middle class could move into the upper class

Upper Middle Class

Lower Middle Class

Poor Workers

• Negative results of the Industrial Revolution1. Workers endured dangerous working

conditions 2. Health problems due to pollution

Unions formed to try to improve the workers wages and working conditions

Britain tries to help the workers:

1833 Factory Act – put limits on child labor and required children to attend school 3 hours a day

Mines Act – barred women and boys under the age of 10 from working in the mines

Ten Hour Bill – women and children could only work 10 hours

Religious Transformation

John Wesley• One of the

greatest preachers in Britain

• Methodist

George Whitefield• Another influential

preacher• Had an international

ministry• Played a key role in the

Great Awakening in the colonies

Slavery and Slave Trade

In Britain

• Quakers were the first religious group to combat slavery

John Newton

• Wrote the hymn “Amazing Grace”• Former slave-ship captain• Became outspoken critic of slavery

John Newton

William Wilberforce

• Member of Parliament• Lead the effort to abolish slavery in the British

empire• Supported the Committee for the Abolition of

the Slave Trade

William Wilberforce

In America

• William Lloyd Garrison– Editor of the

newspaper The Liberator

– A famous abolitionist

• Frederick Douglas– Former slave– Famous abolitionist

France

• Napoleon revived slavery when he became the First Consul

• Ended in 1804

Muslim World

• Several million live in slavery TODAY!