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LED Retrofits for CFLs and HID – Retrofit or Replace?

Prepared by Eric Strandberg

Fall 2015

Commercial CFL to LED applications.Thousands of opportunities.

The knowns, the known unknowns, and the unknown unknowns

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So many choices.Which is right?

What does this product need to do?

Is it compatible (Will it work)?

Electrically

Physically

Optically

Does is save energy

Does it save money

Are there non-energy benefits

Is the source reliable

Is this a good fit for a retrofit?

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Compact Fluorescent (CFL)

Lamp Lumens per Watt = 60 avg.18watt= 67/54/44

42 watt= 76/64/54

Life=10K – 20K

Lumen maintenance (1710 to 1440)

Variable CCT= Yes

CRI= 80+

Control-Ability= Medium (poor optics)

First Cost= Low

How does the incumbent product perform?

CFL Designed as a replacement for incandescent

They are similar in; size, shape, light distribution, light quality.

There are some important differences.

=?=

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Brightness and size

To make a fluorescent lamp brighter you need to make it physically larger. More radiant surface area

~800 lumens

15 watt~9000 lumens

150 watts

Brightness and size

This is not strictly the case with LEDs.But there is a relationship, so higher lumen needs, usually result in a larger size.

~500 lumens

6.5 watt ~1100 lumens

11 watts

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Brightness and size

This is a technology that is changing rapidly so there can be wide variation in size based on which generation technology is present. This effects lumens per watt (number of LEDs) and thermal management (size of heat sinks) impacting the overall size.

There may also be some “price indicators” as to which generation technology is present…

Newer technology

Older technology

CFL Applications

Directional and Omni-Directional fixture types

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CFL fixture efficiency – 37%

CFL fixture efficiency – 50%

1800 lumens per lamp x 2 lamps / 50% = 1800 lumens out of the fixture.

26 watt CFL ~65 lumens/ watt.

65 l/w /50% = ~33 luminaire l/w (Still better than the ~10 l/w from incandescent)

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Luminaire lumens

Luminaire lumens

How are they performing?

0’ 2’ 4’ 6’ 8’ 10’

5.9 5.4 4.1 2.8 1.9 1.2

CFL Drum testing –(2) 26 watt at 9’

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A small sampling of the products

Rebranding-Which product is this?

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Testing round 1- Drum Light

“LED replacement for CFL plug-in.

GE’s LED plug-in lamps allow you to replace inefficient CFL 4 pin G24q/GX24 without tools or costly upgrades. Simply plug the replacement lamp into the existing ballast.”

Its supposed to work…

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Hummm

This one didn’t work either :-/

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There is always some fine print.

Will it fit the socket?

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Drum light test results

Type 0’ 2’ 4’ 6’ 8’ 10’

CFL- 26 watt 5.9 5.4 4.1 2.8 1.9 1.2

LED- A 13(14.5) watt plug in

5.5 4.9 3.7 2.5 1.6 1.0

LED- B 9Did not work - - - - - -LED- C 8.5(10.7) watt plug in

4.5 4.0 3.1 2.1 1.4 .86

LED- B 9(8.1)Rewire

4.2 3.7 2.8 1.8 1.2 .75

LED- E 15(14.6)Rewire

6.3 5.5 4.3 2.8 1.8 1.3

LED- F 15(15)Kit

3.8 3.4 2.6 1.7 1.1 .72

How did they look?

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Wall Sconces

Solid - Mostly indirectTranslucent –

Mostly omni directional

How will different form factors effect; light output, light distribution, and

luminaire appearance?

The wall sconce testing

A

BC

D

E

The wall is the “floor”, the floor is a “wall”, and the “ceiling” is a wall…

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LED-CFL lamp - Wall Sconce Low Top Side

Translucent sconce A B C D E

CFL 26(25.8) watt 2.4 2.0 4.9 5.0 10.

LED side 13(15.4) 2.1 1.3 4.5 3.8 6.6

LED omni8.5(10.7) 1.8 1.2 2.2 3.6 5.6

LED top 13(15) 1.9 1.7 29. 3.8 7.1

LED side 12(11.6) 1.9 1.1 2.1 3.7 4.1

LED side 9(14.7) 2.2 1.4 2.3 4.3 7.3

LED side 9(8.1) NB 1.7 1.1 1.9 3.4 5.6

LED omni 11(11.2) NB 1.7 1.2 4.7 3.6 7.8

LED omni 15(14.6) NB 2.5 1.8 6.2 6.2 11.

LED side 11(10.1) NB 1.9 1.3 2.2 5.0 6.0

LED Kit 9.5(8.2) NB 2.5 1.1 2.3 4.0 5.5

NB = No Ballast = rewire.

LED-CFL lamp - Wall Sconce Low Top Side

Solid sconce A B C D E

CFL 26(25.8) watt .73 .70 5.5 1.6 4.6

LED side 13(15.4) .54 .49 5.0 1.1 3.3

LED omni8.5(10.7) .5 .44 2.9 1.0 2.6

LED top 13(15) .88 .90 30. 1.6 3.9

LED side 12(11.6) .36 .31 3.3 .85 1.8

LED side 9(14.7) .55 .45 3.7 1.3 3.4

LED side 9(8.1) NB .43 .36 2.6 .99 2.7

LED omni 11(11.2) NB .54 .50 4.9 1.1 3.6

LED omni 15(14.6) NB .84 .8 6.3 1.9 5.0

LED side 11(10.1) NB .54 .47 2.8 1.2 3.0

LED Kit 9.5(8.2) NB .34 .33 3.5 1.2 1.8

NB = No Ballast = rewire.

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Different lamps have different effectsWhich is right?

Surface fixture retrofit kit

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CFL retrofit kit.

Retrofit components

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Sometimes it is best to try one first

Omni-directional lamps• Some recessed cans are designed for omni-

directional lamps. In this case it is the trim that shapes the light and contributes greatly to the optical properties.

=

It may not have been such a good idea anyway…

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CFL reflector lamps

When a relatively large light source is put into a relatively small reflector, (R-30 or PAR 38) then the optics are compromised and, light & heat are trapped. All of these things have a negative effect performance.

CFL to LED Retrofit

26 watt 13 (14.5) watt~=

Potentially a “great fit”Taking an omnidirectional lamp out of a usually marginal optical system and putting in a directional lamp

Replacing a 12K hr lamp w/a 50K lamp

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CFL recessed cans may lose 40% of light or more.

Recessed CFL efficiency

Vertical ~=70% Horizontal ~=60%

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How are they performing?

CFL 0’ 2’ 4’ 6’ 8’ 10’

Vertical 6.3 6.6 5.7 3.7 2 .95

Horizontal 3.7 4.2/ 3.4 3.0/ 2.7 2.2/ 2.7 1.4/ 1.1 .80/ .63

CFL 6”Recesses cans (vertical and horizontal) –(1) 26 watt lamp in each type at 9’

CFL- Recessed cans w/LEDsType Vertical 0’ 2’ 4’ 6’ 8’ 10’

CFL 26 watt 6.3 6.6 5.7 3.7 2 .95

LED – A 13(14.5) watt 7.7 6.5 5.0 2.8 1.2 .54

LED – B 12(xxx) watt 5.4 4.8 3.5 2.8 1.5 .72

LED – V 11(10.7) watt 7.0 7.0 5.7 3.0 1.0 .5

Type Horizontal 0’ 2’ 4’ 6’ 8’ 10’

CFL 26 watt 3.7 4.2/ 3.4 3.0/ 2.7 2.2/ 2.7 1.4/ 1.1 .80/ .63

LED – a 13(14.5) watt 5.3 4.6 4.2/ 3.2 3.6/ 2.4 1.9/ 1.6 .77/ .63

LED – b 12(11.6) watt 5.7 5.0/ 5.6 3.4/ 7.0 2.1/ 5.7 1.2/ 2.7 .34/ 1.0

LED – c 8.5(10.7) watt 3.6 3.0/ 3.3 2.3/ 3.7 1.8/ 3.0 1.3/ 1.6 0.6/ 0.8

LED – d 9(13.5) watt 4.2 3.7/ 3.6 3.7/ 3.0 3.3/ 1.9 1.9/ 1.4 1.0/ 0.8

LED – d 9(8.1) watt (NB) 4.0 3.5/ 3.6 3.6/ 2.5 2.9/ 1.8 1.8/ 1.5 .96/1.1

LED – e 11(11) watt (NB) 4.5 3.4/ 4.7 2.0/ 3.5 1.2/ 2.6 .86/ 1.7 .58/1.1

LED – f 15(14.6) watt (NB) 5.4 3.9/ 5.4 2.1/ 4.5 1.3/3.2 .95/1.9 .64/ 1.2 Omni

Side

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CFL-LEDs

Lamp RatedWattage

Watts-no ballast(PF)

Ballast A-Recessed canSY-QTP 2x26

Ballast B-Wall sconce ES-2/1-QFC

Ballast C-Drum light -2Adv-ICF-2s26

CFL- DTT 26 na 25.8 (.99) 52.4

CFL- 3T 26 na 26.7 (.99) - Na

Lunera- V 13 na Na 15.4 (.99) Na

Lunera- H 13 Na 13.8 (.99) 15.4 (.99) ~29.2

Philips-IF 8.5 Na 9.7(.98) 10.7 (.99) 18.7

GE-? 12 na 10.7(.98) 11.6 (.99) Did not work

Z-Energy 9 8.1 (.83) 13.5(.99) 14.9 (.99) Did not work

ESL 11 10.1 (.84) Did not fit

Kobi 11 11.2 (.98)

Kobi 15 14.6 (.98)

GreenCreative-V 11 10.8

CFL replacement products.

Lamps- screw-in

Uses existing ballast- stab-in

Uses existing sockets 120 volt (rewire)

Insert Kit - (module replacement)

Complete Kit – all electronics replaced

Components – Lots of in fixture assembly required

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CFL replacement products.

Inserts

Installs into incandescent fixtures

CFL replacement products.

Complete Kits

Replaces all of the components except the housing.

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Is the light source application effective?

Just because the source is efficient, doesn’t mean it is energy effective.

Wrong

Wrong again

A directional lamp will direct the light out of the fixture

LEDs can be a great alternative to halogen

Do the math

13 watt CFL= 900 lumens

Savings ~= 4 watts

~= 35 years at 12 hrs/day at 10 cents/ Kwh to reach $52 savings.

152,250 hrs.

Product life is 50,000 hrs.

What are the non-energy benefits?

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The HID Opportunity 2% of the sockets, 26% of the lighting energy in US

*Mogul based LED replacement lamp study

Conducted by the Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Prepared for Bonneville Power Administration and Washington State University Energy Program

Mogul based HID lamps are used in a mere 2% of lamp sockets in the US, but in 2010 HID lamps used 26% of the lighting energy in the United States and are second only to linear fluorescent lamps for lighting consumption. *

What does this product need to do?

Is it compatible (Will it work)?

Electrically

Physically

Optically

Does is save energy

Does it save money

Are there non-energy benefits

Is the source reliable

Is this a good fit for a retrofit?

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PS Metal Halide (100-1000)

Lamp Lumens per Watt= 82 avg100 watt= 90/62/ 54

400 watt= 102/78/66

1000 watt= 115 /90/83

Life= 12K – 20K

Lumen maintenance (41K to 31K)

Variable CCT- Limited

CRI 65-70

Control-Ability= Very limited (except optics)

First Cost= Medium

How does the incumbent product perform?

Optics- built around a point source

Point source = Metal halide or plasma

Glare control High degree possible High degree needed

Distribution High precision possible

Infrastructure investmentLuminaire efficiency

Influences system lumens and delivered light

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http://zeiss-campus.magnet.fsu.edu/tutorials/ellipticalreflectors/indexflash.html

Optics… It does make a difference with lighting.

Unlike CFLs, HID lighting can utilize refined optical engineering by acting like a point source.

Non-point source- Induction and CFLBetter suited to decorative or pedestrian lights.

Very little glare control needed, but optically luminaire efficiency is lower and less light delivered to remote locations

“Blob O’ Lite”

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HID to CFL “conversions”… …Never were a great idea

250 watt MH ~=19,000 mean lumens

8.3

5.0

3.5

Brightness and size

This is not strictly the case with LEDs.But there is a relationship, so higher lumen needs, usually result in a larger size.

~760 lumens

7 watt

~7800 lumens

75 watts

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Retrofits and Optics

Some optical systems are designed for a point source.

= MOL

LCL

DIA.

HID to LED – MOL & LCL

8.3

5.0

3.5

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HID to LED conversions

Different HID optical systems

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Reflector and lens type

Translucent Solid

Directional lamp vs omni directional.In some cases it may not matter.

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Directional retrofit for an omnidirectional decorative fixtureSometimes appearance does matter.

How are they performing?

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Light delivery- 400 watt MH at 14’

0’ 2’ 4’ 6’ 8’ 10’ 12’ 14’ 16’

78 78 86 76 53 37 24 15 8.5

78 81 93 74 45 29 18 12 7.0

A small sampling of the products

Standard A19 for scale only

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Pulse start mogul sockets

Adjustable reflector. Why?

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How are they performing?High bay aluminum dome at 14’6”

Product 0’ 2’ 4’ 6’ 8’ 10’ 12’ 14’ 16’400(465) watt PS-MH(250 MH est.)

78(40)

78(40)

86 (43)

76 (40)

52 (26)

37 (19)

24 (12)

15 (7.5)

8.5 (5)

54(55) watt LED 4k Corn

24 22 15 10 7.0 5.3 3.7 2.5 1.6

60(63) watt LED Corn

18 17 12 8.5 6.0 4.4 3.1 2.2 1.5

75(69) watt LED 5k Corn

24 21 15 11 8.2 6.2 4.5 3.2 2.2

150(158) watt LED Directional –fan*

22 22 22 19 16 11 8.5 6.3 4.2

150(131) watt CFL–fan

7.7 8.1 8.8 8.7 7.8 6.5 5.1 3.8 3.0

400 watt MH ~= 31,000 mean lumens

250 watt MH ~= 19,000 mean lumens

*“150W LED Retrofit Lamp for replacing HID lamps up to 400W”

5:1

11:1

9:1

15:1

How are they performing?Prism Dome at 12’

Product 0’ 2’ 4’ 6’ 8’ 10’ 12’ 14’ 16’300 watt Incclear

7.7 6.3 5.2 4.1 3.5 4.3 1.5 1.0 .7

60 watt LED 5k corn

7.5 7.4 7.0 6.2 4.7 3.6 2.7 2.0 1.5

75 watt LED 5k corn

12 11 10.5 9.5 7.6 5.6 4.2 3.2 2.4

50 watt LED direct

4.2 4.1 3.9 3.4 2.8 2.4 2.2 1.8 1.5

150 watt CFL -cooling

9.1 9.2 9.1 8.8 7.3 5.6 4.2 3.2 2.5

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Do the math.Does this improve the optics?

Description

Satco 54 Watt Corn Cob LED 5000K 120V-277V 6480 Lumen 80 CRI Mogul (E39) Base Retrofit Bulb (54W/LED/HID/5000K/100-277V) Replaces 300 watt incandescent, 250 watt HID or 85 watt fluorescent bulbs

300 watt incandescent ~= 5,000+ lumens

250 Metal halide ~= 19,000+ mean lumens

250 Mercury ~= 8,000+ mean lumens

How will a retrofit perform?

Why are they difficult to model?

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There is a lot of strange lighting out there…

Exterior is harder,

…but it also demands more

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Good Optics

Puts light where it is needed and not where it is not wanted.

This can increase efficiency

Minimize light trespass.

Minimize light pollution

Beware of “average foot candles”

Be sure to look at uniformity ratios.

Sometimes the less uniform area will have higher average numbers, because the hot spots (usually under the fixture) are very high.

Higher average FC Better uniformity

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High Pressure Sodium @ 14.6ft

N

AB

C

= Fixture locationN

Asymmetric exterior- Type II

How are they performing?

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How are they performing?150 watt HPS in Cobra head at 14’6”

15.5

20

10

102030

10

20

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Fixture location at +14’6”

6.3

8.1

1.8

8.5

6.0

5.2

2.4

2.3.90

Cobra headsSide nadir 10’ 20’ 30’ Ratio

150 HPS 15.5 6.3 2.3 .9 17:1

60 watt Corn (2013) 4.5 2.6 1.0 .28 16:1

54 watt Corn (2015) 5.2 2.9 1.1 .37 14:1

95 watt directional (2014) 2.2 2.2 1.5 .9 2:1

Angle nadir 10’ 20’ 30’ 36’ Ratio

150 HPS 15.5 8.5 6.0 5.2 2.4 4:1

60 watt Corn (2013) 4.5 1.8 .18 .22 .15 24:1

54 watt Corn (2015) 5.2 2.8 1.0 .33 .19 20:1

95 watt directional (2014) 2.2 1.9 1.3 .86 .7 3:1

Front nadir 10’ 20’ Ratio

150 HPS 15.5 8.1 1.8 9:1

60 watt Corn (2013) 4.5 1.9 .43 10:1

54 watt Corn (2015) 5.2 3.2 .71 7:1

95 watt directional (2014) 2.2 1.9 1.2 2:1

Maybe the incumbent lighting can be improved on…

…By using a new fixture

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Lighting power distribution of some common exterior sources

What can this replace?

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Can this replace what I have?

“Standard” incandescent = 23,500+ lumens

Metal halide ~= 80,000+ mean lumens

What does this product need to do?Is it compatible (Will it work)

-Electrically- Is the existing ballast compatible.

Does it need to dim.

-Physically- Will it actually fit. Can the heat be dissipated.

-Optically- Is it putting light where it is needed.

Does is save energy- Will it deliver appropriate light quantity.

Does it save money- What are the first costs, are there rebates available.

Are there non-energy benefits- I there any maintenance savings. Is the light quality improved.

Is the source reliable- Will there be the quantities that are needed. Is the warrantee sound.

Is this a good fit for a retrofit.- Are the fixtures worn out. Are the fixtures still appropriate.

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