cellular functions sb1 3c – cellular biology. main cellular functions: 1. cellular respiration 2....

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CELLULAR FUNCTIONS SB1 3C – CELLULAR BIOLOGY

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Page 1: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS SB1 3C – CELLULAR BIOLOGY. MAIN CELLULAR FUNCTIONS: 1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION 2. DIGESTION 3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

CELLULAR FUNCTIONS

SB1 3C – CELLULAR BIOLOGY

Page 2: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS SB1 3C – CELLULAR BIOLOGY. MAIN CELLULAR FUNCTIONS: 1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION 2. DIGESTION 3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

MAIN CELLULAR FUNCTIONS:1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION2. DIGESTION3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Page 3: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS SB1 3C – CELLULAR BIOLOGY. MAIN CELLULAR FUNCTIONS: 1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION 2. DIGESTION 3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

CELLULAR RESPIRATION Transfer of chemical energy (glucose) into ATP ATP is a high energy molecule that gives us

usable energy Two types:

aerobic (with oxygen) anaerobic (without oxygen)

Equation for Aerobic Respiration: SUGAR + OXYGEN CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER

Page 4: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS SB1 3C – CELLULAR BIOLOGY. MAIN CELLULAR FUNCTIONS: 1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION 2. DIGESTION 3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

CELLULAR RESPIRATION: LOCATION The mitochondria is the site of aerobic

respiration Most ATP is made here which is why it is

called the powerhouse of the cell Reactions which make ATP occur in the matrix

and cristae on the mitochondria

Page 5: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS SB1 3C – CELLULAR BIOLOGY. MAIN CELLULAR FUNCTIONS: 1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION 2. DIGESTION 3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

MITOCHONDRIA STRUCTURE Outer membrane:

Protects the mitochondria Lets small molecules in and

out Inner membrane:

Contains proteins that function to make ATP

Cristae: Infolded parts of inner

membrane Increase the area available to

have reactions which make ATP

Matrix: Contains proteins and

mitochondrial DNA Helps with making ATP

Page 6: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS SB1 3C – CELLULAR BIOLOGY. MAIN CELLULAR FUNCTIONS: 1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION 2. DIGESTION 3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

DIGESTION Digestion takes place in the lysosomes Inside a lysosome is very acidic which helps it

break down: Cellular waste products Broken cell organelles Bacteria

Lysosomes are very numerous in leukocytes (white blood cells) which fight off diseases and viruses

Page 7: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS SB1 3C – CELLULAR BIOLOGY. MAIN CELLULAR FUNCTIONS: 1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION 2. DIGESTION 3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

DIGESTION OF FOOD Lysosomes also break down fats,

carbohydrates and proteins into simple compounds

These compounds are then returned to the cytoplasm to be used by the cell

Lysosomes use enzymes from the endoplasmic reticulum which are modified in the Golgi apparatus

Lysosomes bud off of the Golgi apparatus

Page 8: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS SB1 3C – CELLULAR BIOLOGY. MAIN CELLULAR FUNCTIONS: 1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION 2. DIGESTION 3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

DIGESTION IN THE LYSOSOME

Page 9: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS SB1 3C – CELLULAR BIOLOGY. MAIN CELLULAR FUNCTIONS: 1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION 2. DIGESTION 3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein is made up of a chain of amino acids

which are small molecules containing carbon, hydrogen and several other atoms

Examples of proteins are hormones, enzymes (used for digestion) and structural proteins

Numerous organelles are involved in the synthesis of protein

Page 10: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS SB1 3C – CELLULAR BIOLOGY. MAIN CELLULAR FUNCTIONS: 1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION 2. DIGESTION 3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

PROTEIN SYNTHESISCELL PART ROLE IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

CELL MEMBRANE

Releases the protein from the cell

NUCLEUS •DNA has instructions for making the protein•RNA copies DNA•RNA takes these instructions out of the nucleus and to the ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

RIBOSOMES Reads the code from the RNA The code specifies a specific chain of amino acids

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

RER contains the ribosomes that make the proteinSER is where fats and carbohydrates are added to the protein

GOLGI APPARATUS

Fats and proteins are packaged here ready to be released outside the cell

MITOCHONDRIA Produces energy for the cell so it can make protein

Page 11: CELLULAR FUNCTIONS SB1 3C – CELLULAR BIOLOGY. MAIN CELLULAR FUNCTIONS: 1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION 2. DIGESTION 3. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS