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1 CellFor Varietal Forestry Contributions to Sustainability February 21, 2011 John Pait Southeastern SAF Conference Tallahassee, FL

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1

CellFor Varietal ForestryContributions to Sustainability

February 21, 2011John Pait

Southeastern SAF ConferenceTallahassee, FL

2

Today’s Topics

CellFor and Forest Genetics Testing & Operational Results Contributions to Sustainability

3

CellForOverview: global leader in varietal seedlings for reforestationBusiness Model: Seed technology company serving all timberland owners and managers.Company: 100 employees with locations in Victoria BC, Atlanta, Savannah, GA Conway AR, Columbia, SC, Lufkin, TX, Denver, COStructure: Privately held by investors including: ATP, CSFB, BDC, Growth Works, DuPont, and others.

4

0.8 3.9 6.617.1

27.9

44.1

59.0

90.0

0

20

40

60

80

100

Acr

es (t

hous

ands

)

'04 '04-'05 '04-'06 '04-'07 '04-'08 '04-'09 '04-'10 '04-'11(est)

Fiscal Year

Cumulative CellFor Acreage

5

CellFor Plantings 2000 – 2009Over 750 Forest Stands in +150 Counties

6

Yield Impacts of Integrated Silviculture

0

50

100

150

200

250

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Establishment period

Vol

ume

at h

arve

st (t

ons/

acre

)

Clonal andbiotechnologyTree improvement

Weed control

Fertilization

Site preparation

Planting

Natural stand

Adapted from Fox, T.R., E.J. Jokela, and H.L. Allen 2004.

7

Genetic Options for Reforestation Bulk Orchard Seed by generation of advancement

– 20 to 40 improved mother trees– Thousands of male genotypes and pollen contamination– Lowest gain and cost

Open Pollinated ½ Sib Families by generation– Single improved mother tree – Thousands of male genotypes and pollen contamination– Better gain and slight cost increase

CMP: mass controlled pollination Full Sib families– Single improved mother and father trees– Thousands of genotypes– Higher gain and higher cost

Varietals: best single tree from best families– Single genotype– Highest gain and highest cost– Holy Grail of Forest Tree Improvement

88

What is Varietal Forestry?

Variety (aka clone, line)– Collection of individuals all with the same

genotype (same DNA)– Methods:

• Tissue culture, rooting, grafting, etc.• No genetic engineering involved

Varietal Forestry– Operational deployment of tested

varieties– Reforestation on an operational scale– Usually 1 variety per forest stand– Limited number of varieties deployed

99

Varietals vs. Family ForestryTraditional Genetics CellFor Elite Varietals

Selected Parent Unknown, Multiple Parents

WindPollination

♦ Deploys genetic families with unknown parentage and significant tree to tree variability

♦ Selects the best individuals from the very best control-bred families

Selected Parent Selected Parent

Performance is the average of the family and is unknown

17% over Unimproved

Performance is homogeneous, well characterized40–60% over Unimproved

1010

Varietal Forestry with Eucalyptus in South America

11

Key Drivers to Varietal Value Creation

Growth & Productivity Stand Uniformity & Sawtimber Potential Disease Resistance Log Quality

12

Q776618 months

old

Resource Mgmt. Service

Bolton, NC

GROWTH

13

South Carolina: CellFor– Q7766: 24 months

14

Growth:Q7766 Age 2 Jordan Lumber, NC

15

Uniformity & Log Quality

VarietalRadiata Pine

New Zealand)

16

Uniformity in 20 Year Old Stand Varietal trial

17

Uniformity in Varietal

Loblolly Pine

Q3802Rayonier,

Conecuh Co, ALAge 5

18

Disease ResistanceAge 6 years: Rust Impacts STP

Q38020% Stem Rust

OP Family22% Stem Rust

19

Log Quality:Pulpwood vs SawTimber

7-56 CellFor CF Q3802

20

Practice Good Silviculture

Address Limiting Factors: Site Specific Weed Control Hardwood Control Nutrition Management Planting Quality Thinning Execution

21

Today’s Topics

CellFor and Forest Genetics Operational Results Contributions to Sustainability

22

Varietal Production Process

23

Nursery

PG to Miniplug

MultiplyPlantable

Germinants (PGs)

Mini-plug to Seedling

(Bare root)

CellFor Production Process: 3 Steps

CellForLabs

MiniplugNursery

Presenter
Presentation Notes
We are planning to accommodate each of these channel members in our partnering strategy. CellFor manufactures seed and sends it to our horticultural partner, where it is grown into miniplugs. Miniplugs are then sent to Master Nurseries, where they are sown using our Bareroot Miniplug Transplanter (don’t’ want too many of them). CellFor owns title until it ships from the Master Nursery to the local nursery. Master Nursery is responsible for forecasting, and bears direct risk of poor forecasting. Land Owner still gets 50% of the value. Of the 50% remaining, we share it with LMC’s, Nurseries, Master Nurseries and miniplug growers. Chile – one MN. Argentina – one MN. Brazil – one MN. NZ – one MN. Aus – one MN. PNW – two MN’s. SE US – two or three MN’s.

2424

Product Development: Germplasm Capture and Testing

Selected Parents

Seeds

Embryo Cultures

A B C D A B C D

Establishment of statistically designed

Field Trials

Frozen Storage of Cultures

Somatic EmbryogenesisProduction of selected variety

Field Trials

Create an elite family and then select the very best individual from that family

Selection of best performing variety

25

Pollen: Male Parent

26

Pollinated female flowers

Completely open and receptive to pollen

27

CellFor’s lab process starts with a green cone and immature seed

28

Young embryo resides within the megagametophyte

Zygotic Embryo

Embryonal Cavity

Megagametophyte

Presenter
Presentation Notes
John – this picture shows the seed being dissected with the extraction of the megagametophyte, and showing the respective zygotic embryo.

29

Embryogenic tissue is multiplied and cryopreserved for long term storage

30

Bulk Up: embryogenic tissue in liquid suspension cultures

31

Immature Somatic Embryos

32

GerminationConverting embryos to seedlings

33

Miniplug production

34

Miniplugs Await Transplanting at IFCO

35

Varietal Containerized Crops

Center Pivot Outdoor System

GreenhouseIndoor System

36

Bare Root Seedling Production:

Semi Automatic Transplanting

37

Bare Root Nursery Crops

38

Pearl River Nursery Cooler: Storage Prior to Shipping

39

Operational Performance of CellFor Varieties

40

CellFor Varietal Forestry OperationalResults Summary

41

Operational Performance PlotsCellFor Varieties

42

Florida

43

Q3802 43 monthsFoley, Taylor Cy. FL

44

1403

2091

1146

1624

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

Vol0

7 (ft

3/ac

)

CF O3621 10-1027

Volume per acre at Age 6 and 7Foley, Site 3, Taylor Co, FL

+688 ft3/ac29%

+478 ft3/ac

45

94%87%

96%

59%

2%7%

0%

17%

0%

15%

2% 2%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Survival STP Crooked Forked Rust Suppressed

CF O3621 PC 2nd Gen

Survival, STP and Tree Defects (%)Foley, Site 3, Taylor Co, FL, Age 7

46

1334

1931

1146

1624

0

400

800

1200

1600

2000

Vol0

7 (ft

3/ac

)

CF Q3802 10-1027

Volume per acre at Age 6 and 7Foley, Site 3, Taylor Co, FL

+597 ft3/ac19%

+478 ft3/ac

47

98%

87%96%

59%

2%7%

2%

17%

0%

15%

2% 2%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Survival STP Crooked Forked Rust Suppressed

CF Q3802 PC 2nd Gen

Survival, STP and Tree Defects (%)Foley, Site 3, Taylor Co, FL, Age 7

48

Georgia

49

Plum Creek 2003 Varietal Operational TrialJesup, Wayne Co, GA, Age 8 Data

50

Plum Creek 2003 Planting, Jesup, Wayne Co., GA2nd Gen and CF O3621, age 8

2nd Gen

O3621

51

Plum Creek 2003 Planting, Jesup, Wayne Co., GA2nd Gen and CF O3621, age 8

2nd Gen O3621

52

31

22

0.0

4.0

8.0

12.0

16.0

20.0

24.0

28.0

32.0

CF O3621 PC 2nd Gen

Height (ft)Plum Creek, Wayne Co, GA, Age 8

42%

53

26.7

30.9

18.9

21.7

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

Hei

ght (

ft)

CF O3621 2nd Gen

Height at Age 7 and 8 (ft)Plum Creek, Wayne Co, GA

+4.2 ft

+2.8 ft

42%

54

1.6

0.76

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

CF O3621 PC 2nd Gen

Volume (ft3/tree)Plum Creek, Wayne Co, GA, Age 8

111%

55

1.28

1.60

0.61

0.76

0.50

1.00

1.50

Volu

me

(ft3)

CF O3621 2nd Gen

Height at Age 7 and 8 (ft)Plum Creek, Wayne Co, GA

+0.32 ft3

+0.15 ft3

111%

56

80%83%

93%84%

0% 0% 0%9% 7%

3% 0% 3%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Survival STP Crooked Forked Runts Rustinfected

CF O3621 PC 2nd Gen

Survival, STP and Tree Defects (%)Plum Creek, Wayne Co, GA, Age 8

57

South Carolina

58

Q3802 at Age 3: Congaree, SC

Height: 14 ftDiameter: 2.0” STP: 87%Rust: 0%

59

28.6

23.7

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Hei

ght0

5 (ft

)

CF Q3802 2nd Gen

Height (ft)Milliken Forestry, Millaree Tract, SC, Age 5

21%

60

21.1

28.6

17.9

23.7

5

10

15

20

25

30

Hei

ght (

ft)

CF Q3802 2nd Gen

Height at Age 4 and 5 (ft)Milliken Forestry, Millaree Tract, SC

+7.5 ft

+5.8 ft

61

4.3

3.3

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5

Vol0

5 (ft

3 )

CF Q3802 2nd Gen

Volume (ft3/tree)Milliken Forestry, Millaree Tract, SC, Age 5

31%

62

89%

76%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

CF Q3802 2nd Gen

Survival (%)Milliken Forestry, Millaree Tract, SC, Age 5

63

89%

65%

0%8%

1%9%

0%

15%10%

5%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

STP Crooked Forked Rust Suppressed

CellFor 2nd Gen

Saw Timber Potential CF Q3802 vs. 2nd Gen Milliken Forestry, Millaree Tract, SC, Age 5

64

0 0

8

15

0

4

8

12

16

Stem

rust

(%)

CF Q3802 2nd Gen

Stem rust at age 4 and 5 (%)Milliken Forestry, Millaree Tract, SC

65

Alabama

66

Loblolly Pine Variety CF O3621 vs. CMP Family The Westervelt Company

Livingston Tract, Emelle Quad, AL

67

12.1

9.8

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

CF O3621 MCP

Height (ft) Westervelt, Livingston Tract, AL, Age 3

68

100%

91%84% 85%

0%7%

0% 2%0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

STP Survival rate Crooked Stem rust

CellFor MCP

Summary CF O3621 vs. CMP FamilyWestervelt, Livingston Tract, AL, Age 3

69

Mississippi

70

CF Q3802 vs. CMP, OP Family and Seed Orchard BulkPlum Creek Block Planting Age 6 & 9 Data

06 August 2010

717171

CF Q3802: Age 6 & 8.5Pearl River Nursery, MS

Age 6 Age 8.5

72

34.9

28.330.2

31.3

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

CF Q3802 OP Family SO Bulk MCP

Height (ft) Variety, CMP, Family, SOPC, Pearl River, MS, Age 6

23%11%

16%

73

7.85

4.96

6.156.63

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

CF Q3802 OP Family SO Bulk MCP

Volume (ft3/tree) Variety, CMP, Family, SOPC, Pearl River, MS, Age 6

58%

18%28%

74

97

54 52

80

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

100.0

CF Q3802 OP Family SO Bulk MCP

STP (%) Variety, CMP, Family, SOPC, Pearl River, MS, Age 6

43%

16%

45%

75

0

2225

13

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

CF Q3802 OP Family SO Bulk MCP

Stem rust (%) Variety, CMP, Family, SOPC, Pearl River, MS, Age 6

76

3

30 29

9

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

CF Q3802 OP Family SO Bulk MCP

Forking (%) Variety, CMP, Family, SOPC, Pearl River, MS, Age 6

77

Today’s Topics

CellFor and Forest Genetics Testing & Operational Results Varietals Contributions to Sustainability

78

Varietal Forestry:Key Drivers of Sustainability Higher productivity Plant fewer trees per acre Higher log quality & stable branch size Better forest health Substantial increase in financial returns

79

Varietal Productivity & Sustainability

Varietal achieve volume growth 25 to 40% higher and much higher log quality than orchard seedlings.

Focus management on fewer acres More extensive management on wettest and driest

sites Increase SMZ size Less tillage, herbicide and fertilizer

80

Varietal Stocking Rate & Sustainability

Varieties have much higher SawTimber Potential with uniform straightness, stable crown width and stable limb size.

– Crop tree focus– Selection only thinning for spacing– Wider row spacing at establishment– Lower stocking rate

Less tillage Less herbicide Lower planting costs

81

Growth in per acre merchantable volume for different initial densities: UGA PMRC

Pienaar, L. V., B. D. Shiver and W. M. Harrison. 1997. Growth potential of loblolly pine plantations in the Georgia Piedmont: A spacing study example. PMRC Technical Report 1997-1. 15pp.

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

100 200 400 600 800 1000Initial Trees per Acre

Mer

chan

tabl

e Vo

lum

e (c

u.ft/

ac)

Age 12 - 14

Age 10 - 12

Age 8 - 10

Age 8

82

Q3802Small Branches

83

CellFor Varietals: High SawTimber Potential

Q3802 OP Family Crop Tree

84

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Q-3802 BranchDiameter

1 Very Small2 Small3 Small to Avg.4 Average5 Avg. to Large6 Large7 Very Large

75% score 3or better

85

Managed Genetic Diversity & Sustainability

Varietals are highly tested and offer predictable productivity and increases.

Planted as single stand mosaics,

86

Varietal Forest Health & Sustainability

CellFor varietals are thoroughly field tested for disease resistance and tested again by the USDA Forest Service for resistance to fusiform rust and pitch canker.

All CellFor varietals are at least as resistant as the USDA Resistant Checks.

Healthy forests are more productive and effective at carbon sequestration other environmental benefits.

87

Fusiform Rust: A Clear and Present Danger

88

RSC – inoculation of young seedlings with rust spores

89

Developing rust gall

90

CellFor Varietals are Highly Resistant to Rust & Pitch Canker

USDA fusiform rust screening combined data 2003-082010 & 11 crops, loblolly pine varieties

Sus. C

hk.

7-56

Res. C

hk.

O3621

O6248

W61

73

LP1-7

696

LP1-7

144

W71

96

LP1-8

104

Q3802

L379

1

Q7766

Infe

ctio

n (%

)

0

20

40

60

80

100

SusceptibleModerately resistantResistantVery resistant

Susceptible checklot

Resistant checklot

Commercial checklot

91

Varietal Financial Returns & Sustainability

Cash flow analyses consistently show that CellFor varietals increase NPV 50-100%, Revenue by 40-60%.

Perhaps the greatest threat to forests are change of use due to urbanization, commercial enterprise and agriculture.

Improving the financial returns available to landowners of all sizes is a critical factor in keeping forests forested.

92

Varietal Seedlings

2nd Gen Seedlings

FL Net Benefits

BLV $1,732/ac $871/ac + $860/ac

IRR CellFor Seedling

12.2% 0.0% + 12.2%

Revenue*@ Rotation

$10,804/ac $6,231/ac + $4,573/ac

* After-taxRows may not add to Total/100% due to rounding error

Benefits to Forest Landowners (FL): Using varietal seedlings for Timber Production, FL can expect:

93

Benefits to Forest Landowners (FL): Using varietal seedlings for Timber Production, FL can expect:

Varietal Seedlings

CMP Seedlings

FL Net Benefits

BLV $1,696/ac $1,078/ac + $618/ac

IRR CellFor Seedling

16.8% 0.0% + 16.8%

Revenue@ Rotation

$6,299/ac $4,474/ac + $1,825/ac

Numbers in rows may not sum to totals due to rounding

94

Varietal Forestry:Key Drivers of Sustainability Higher productivity Plant fewer trees per acre Higher log quality & stable branch size Better forest health Substantial increase in financial returns

95

Thank You!

Questions?