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CellFor Varietal ForestryContributions to Sustainability
February 21, 2011John Pait
Southeastern SAF ConferenceTallahassee, FL
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Today’s Topics
CellFor and Forest Genetics Testing & Operational Results Contributions to Sustainability
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CellForOverview: global leader in varietal seedlings for reforestationBusiness Model: Seed technology company serving all timberland owners and managers.Company: 100 employees with locations in Victoria BC, Atlanta, Savannah, GA Conway AR, Columbia, SC, Lufkin, TX, Denver, COStructure: Privately held by investors including: ATP, CSFB, BDC, Growth Works, DuPont, and others.
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0.8 3.9 6.617.1
27.9
44.1
59.0
90.0
0
20
40
60
80
100
Acr
es (t
hous
ands
)
'04 '04-'05 '04-'06 '04-'07 '04-'08 '04-'09 '04-'10 '04-'11(est)
Fiscal Year
Cumulative CellFor Acreage
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Yield Impacts of Integrated Silviculture
0
50
100
150
200
250
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Establishment period
Vol
ume
at h
arve
st (t
ons/
acre
)
Clonal andbiotechnologyTree improvement
Weed control
Fertilization
Site preparation
Planting
Natural stand
Adapted from Fox, T.R., E.J. Jokela, and H.L. Allen 2004.
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Genetic Options for Reforestation Bulk Orchard Seed by generation of advancement
– 20 to 40 improved mother trees– Thousands of male genotypes and pollen contamination– Lowest gain and cost
Open Pollinated ½ Sib Families by generation– Single improved mother tree – Thousands of male genotypes and pollen contamination– Better gain and slight cost increase
CMP: mass controlled pollination Full Sib families– Single improved mother and father trees– Thousands of genotypes– Higher gain and higher cost
Varietals: best single tree from best families– Single genotype– Highest gain and highest cost– Holy Grail of Forest Tree Improvement
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What is Varietal Forestry?
Variety (aka clone, line)– Collection of individuals all with the same
genotype (same DNA)– Methods:
• Tissue culture, rooting, grafting, etc.• No genetic engineering involved
Varietal Forestry– Operational deployment of tested
varieties– Reforestation on an operational scale– Usually 1 variety per forest stand– Limited number of varieties deployed
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Varietals vs. Family ForestryTraditional Genetics CellFor Elite Varietals
Selected Parent Unknown, Multiple Parents
WindPollination
♦ Deploys genetic families with unknown parentage and significant tree to tree variability
♦ Selects the best individuals from the very best control-bred families
Selected Parent Selected Parent
Performance is the average of the family and is unknown
17% over Unimproved
Performance is homogeneous, well characterized40–60% over Unimproved
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Key Drivers to Varietal Value Creation
Growth & Productivity Stand Uniformity & Sawtimber Potential Disease Resistance Log Quality
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Practice Good Silviculture
Address Limiting Factors: Site Specific Weed Control Hardwood Control Nutrition Management Planting Quality Thinning Execution
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Nursery
PG to Miniplug
MultiplyPlantable
Germinants (PGs)
Mini-plug to Seedling
(Bare root)
CellFor Production Process: 3 Steps
CellForLabs
MiniplugNursery
2424
Product Development: Germplasm Capture and Testing
Selected Parents
Seeds
Embryo Cultures
A B C D A B C D
Establishment of statistically designed
Field Trials
Frozen Storage of Cultures
Somatic EmbryogenesisProduction of selected variety
Field Trials
Create an elite family and then select the very best individual from that family
Selection of best performing variety
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Young embryo resides within the megagametophyte
Zygotic Embryo
Embryonal Cavity
Megagametophyte
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1403
2091
1146
1624
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
Vol0
7 (ft
3/ac
)
CF O3621 10-1027
Volume per acre at Age 6 and 7Foley, Site 3, Taylor Co, FL
+688 ft3/ac29%
+478 ft3/ac
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94%87%
96%
59%
2%7%
0%
17%
0%
15%
2% 2%0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Survival STP Crooked Forked Rust Suppressed
CF O3621 PC 2nd Gen
Survival, STP and Tree Defects (%)Foley, Site 3, Taylor Co, FL, Age 7
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1334
1931
1146
1624
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
Vol0
7 (ft
3/ac
)
CF Q3802 10-1027
Volume per acre at Age 6 and 7Foley, Site 3, Taylor Co, FL
+597 ft3/ac19%
+478 ft3/ac
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98%
87%96%
59%
2%7%
2%
17%
0%
15%
2% 2%0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Survival STP Crooked Forked Rust Suppressed
CF Q3802 PC 2nd Gen
Survival, STP and Tree Defects (%)Foley, Site 3, Taylor Co, FL, Age 7
52
31
22
0.0
4.0
8.0
12.0
16.0
20.0
24.0
28.0
32.0
CF O3621 PC 2nd Gen
Height (ft)Plum Creek, Wayne Co, GA, Age 8
42%
53
26.7
30.9
18.9
21.7
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
Hei
ght (
ft)
CF O3621 2nd Gen
Height at Age 7 and 8 (ft)Plum Creek, Wayne Co, GA
+4.2 ft
+2.8 ft
42%
54
1.6
0.76
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
CF O3621 PC 2nd Gen
Volume (ft3/tree)Plum Creek, Wayne Co, GA, Age 8
111%
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1.28
1.60
0.61
0.76
0.50
1.00
1.50
Volu
me
(ft3)
CF O3621 2nd Gen
Height at Age 7 and 8 (ft)Plum Creek, Wayne Co, GA
+0.32 ft3
+0.15 ft3
111%
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80%83%
93%84%
0% 0% 0%9% 7%
3% 0% 3%0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Survival STP Crooked Forked Runts Rustinfected
CF O3621 PC 2nd Gen
Survival, STP and Tree Defects (%)Plum Creek, Wayne Co, GA, Age 8
59
28.6
23.7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Hei
ght0
5 (ft
)
CF Q3802 2nd Gen
Height (ft)Milliken Forestry, Millaree Tract, SC, Age 5
21%
60
21.1
28.6
17.9
23.7
5
10
15
20
25
30
Hei
ght (
ft)
CF Q3802 2nd Gen
Height at Age 4 and 5 (ft)Milliken Forestry, Millaree Tract, SC
+7.5 ft
+5.8 ft
61
4.3
3.3
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
Vol0
5 (ft
3 )
CF Q3802 2nd Gen
Volume (ft3/tree)Milliken Forestry, Millaree Tract, SC, Age 5
31%
62
89%
76%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
CF Q3802 2nd Gen
Survival (%)Milliken Forestry, Millaree Tract, SC, Age 5
63
89%
65%
0%8%
1%9%
0%
15%10%
5%0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
STP Crooked Forked Rust Suppressed
CellFor 2nd Gen
Saw Timber Potential CF Q3802 vs. 2nd Gen Milliken Forestry, Millaree Tract, SC, Age 5
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0 0
8
15
0
4
8
12
16
Stem
rust
(%)
CF Q3802 2nd Gen
Stem rust at age 4 and 5 (%)Milliken Forestry, Millaree Tract, SC
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Loblolly Pine Variety CF O3621 vs. CMP Family The Westervelt Company
Livingston Tract, Emelle Quad, AL
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100%
91%84% 85%
0%7%
0% 2%0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
STP Survival rate Crooked Stem rust
CellFor MCP
Summary CF O3621 vs. CMP FamilyWestervelt, Livingston Tract, AL, Age 3
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CF Q3802 vs. CMP, OP Family and Seed Orchard BulkPlum Creek Block Planting Age 6 & 9 Data
06 August 2010
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34.9
28.330.2
31.3
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
CF Q3802 OP Family SO Bulk MCP
Height (ft) Variety, CMP, Family, SOPC, Pearl River, MS, Age 6
23%11%
16%
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7.85
4.96
6.156.63
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
CF Q3802 OP Family SO Bulk MCP
Volume (ft3/tree) Variety, CMP, Family, SOPC, Pearl River, MS, Age 6
58%
18%28%
74
97
54 52
80
0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0
100.0
CF Q3802 OP Family SO Bulk MCP
STP (%) Variety, CMP, Family, SOPC, Pearl River, MS, Age 6
43%
16%
45%
75
0
2225
13
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
CF Q3802 OP Family SO Bulk MCP
Stem rust (%) Variety, CMP, Family, SOPC, Pearl River, MS, Age 6
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3
30 29
9
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
CF Q3802 OP Family SO Bulk MCP
Forking (%) Variety, CMP, Family, SOPC, Pearl River, MS, Age 6
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Today’s Topics
CellFor and Forest Genetics Testing & Operational Results Varietals Contributions to Sustainability
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Varietal Forestry:Key Drivers of Sustainability Higher productivity Plant fewer trees per acre Higher log quality & stable branch size Better forest health Substantial increase in financial returns
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Varietal Productivity & Sustainability
Varietal achieve volume growth 25 to 40% higher and much higher log quality than orchard seedlings.
Focus management on fewer acres More extensive management on wettest and driest
sites Increase SMZ size Less tillage, herbicide and fertilizer
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Varietal Stocking Rate & Sustainability
Varieties have much higher SawTimber Potential with uniform straightness, stable crown width and stable limb size.
– Crop tree focus– Selection only thinning for spacing– Wider row spacing at establishment– Lower stocking rate
Less tillage Less herbicide Lower planting costs
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Growth in per acre merchantable volume for different initial densities: UGA PMRC
Pienaar, L. V., B. D. Shiver and W. M. Harrison. 1997. Growth potential of loblolly pine plantations in the Georgia Piedmont: A spacing study example. PMRC Technical Report 1997-1. 15pp.
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
100 200 400 600 800 1000Initial Trees per Acre
Mer
chan
tabl
e Vo
lum
e (c
u.ft/
ac)
Age 12 - 14
Age 10 - 12
Age 8 - 10
Age 8
84
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Q-3802 BranchDiameter
1 Very Small2 Small3 Small to Avg.4 Average5 Avg. to Large6 Large7 Very Large
75% score 3or better
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Managed Genetic Diversity & Sustainability
Varietals are highly tested and offer predictable productivity and increases.
Planted as single stand mosaics,
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Varietal Forest Health & Sustainability
CellFor varietals are thoroughly field tested for disease resistance and tested again by the USDA Forest Service for resistance to fusiform rust and pitch canker.
All CellFor varietals are at least as resistant as the USDA Resistant Checks.
Healthy forests are more productive and effective at carbon sequestration other environmental benefits.
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CellFor Varietals are Highly Resistant to Rust & Pitch Canker
USDA fusiform rust screening combined data 2003-082010 & 11 crops, loblolly pine varieties
Sus. C
hk.
7-56
Res. C
hk.
O3621
O6248
W61
73
LP1-7
696
LP1-7
144
W71
96
LP1-8
104
Q3802
L379
1
Q7766
Infe
ctio
n (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
SusceptibleModerately resistantResistantVery resistant
Susceptible checklot
Resistant checklot
Commercial checklot
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Varietal Financial Returns & Sustainability
Cash flow analyses consistently show that CellFor varietals increase NPV 50-100%, Revenue by 40-60%.
Perhaps the greatest threat to forests are change of use due to urbanization, commercial enterprise and agriculture.
Improving the financial returns available to landowners of all sizes is a critical factor in keeping forests forested.
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Varietal Seedlings
2nd Gen Seedlings
FL Net Benefits
BLV $1,732/ac $871/ac + $860/ac
IRR CellFor Seedling
12.2% 0.0% + 12.2%
Revenue*@ Rotation
$10,804/ac $6,231/ac + $4,573/ac
* After-taxRows may not add to Total/100% due to rounding error
Benefits to Forest Landowners (FL): Using varietal seedlings for Timber Production, FL can expect:
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Benefits to Forest Landowners (FL): Using varietal seedlings for Timber Production, FL can expect:
Varietal Seedlings
CMP Seedlings
FL Net Benefits
BLV $1,696/ac $1,078/ac + $618/ac
IRR CellFor Seedling
16.8% 0.0% + 16.8%
Revenue@ Rotation
$6,299/ac $4,474/ac + $1,825/ac
Numbers in rows may not sum to totals due to rounding
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Varietal Forestry:Key Drivers of Sustainability Higher productivity Plant fewer trees per acre Higher log quality & stable branch size Better forest health Substantial increase in financial returns