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CCS Activities and Support by Japan Carbon Capture and Storage: Way Forward in Asia Deep Dive Workshop - Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016 6 June, 2016 Asian Development Bank Headquarters, Manila Makoto Akai, Board Director, Global CCS Institute Emeritus Researcher, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

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Page 1: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

CCS Activities and Support by Japan

Carbon Capture and Storage: Way Forward in AsiaDeep Dive Workshop - Asia Clean Energy Forum 2016

6 June, 2016Asian Development Bank Headquarters, Manila

Makoto Akai, Board Director, Global CCS Institute

Emeritus Researcher, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

Page 2: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

M. Akai2

Contents

Background– Recent trend of CO2 emission– Climate policy of Japan

Brief history of CCS R&D– Technical and Non-technological R&D

Projects Public funding to CCS RD&D and projects Summary

Page 3: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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Trend of GHG Emissions in Japan

Emissions by sector in FY 2013(excluding LULUCF)

(Source ) National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Japan (April, 2015)

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

GH

G E

mis

sion

s (M

tCO

2eq

.)

Fiscal Year

Fluorinated-gases (F-gases)

N2O

CH4CO2

N2O

CH4

CO2

Fluorinated-gases (F-gases)

0

Energy89%

Iindustrial Processes

and Product

Use (IPPU)6%

Agriculture3%

Waste2%

Background

Page 4: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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Trend of Power Generation in Japan

(Source) The Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan

Background

Page 5: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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(Source) Agency of Natural Resources and Energy, METI

5

0.417

0.408

0.416

0.386

0.4120.389

0.3820.366

0.354

0.373 0.3760.376

0.404

0.433

0.418

0.423

0.410

0.4530.444

0.412

0.413

0.510

0.5710.570

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.55

0.60

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

(Fiscal Year(FY))

(Unit

kgCO

2/kW

h )

CO2 Emissions Intensity in the Electricity Sector of Japan

Fukushima accident

Background

Page 6: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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Plan for Global Warming CountermeasuresCabinet decision on May 13, 2016

Japan’s sole general plan for global warming prevention; in order to promote global warming countermeasures comprehensively and strategically.Prescribes the targets of emissions reduction and removal of GHG, the basic matters on measures to be taken by businesses and the public etc., and policies to be implemented by the National Government and Local Government.

Background– IPCC AR5– INDC

26.0% reduction by FY2030 compared to FY2013 (25.4% reduction compared to FY2005)

– Paris Agreement Strategic actions towards long-term goal

– … aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050 as its long-term goal …

Background

Page 7: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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Technological R&D on CCS in JapanLate 80’s -

Proposal of the concept of CCS as an option to mitigate climate change– Capture technologies: post-combustion,

pre-combustion and oxy-fuel– Storage options: ocean sequestration and

geological storage Players:– National Laboratories under MITI– Central Research Institute of Electric

Power Industry (CRIEPI)

R&D History

Page 8: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

M. Akai8

Technological R&D on CCS in JapanEarly 90’s -

Independent research activities– National Laboratories (MITI, MOT)

Capture and storage– CRIEPI

Storage– Electric Utilities in cooperation with

manufacturers (KEPCO & MHI, etc.) Capture and storage

– Universities (Tokyo Institute of Technology, etc.) Storage

Comprehensive performance and cost analysis study

R&D History

Page 9: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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Technological R&D on CCS in JapanMid 90’s –

Establishment of R&D projects under METI CO2 capture

– Development of chemical absorbent and membrane; Application to ironworks; Oxy-fuel; Pre-combustion with IGCC, etc.

Ocean sequestration (97 – 08; $82M)– Focused on environmental impact assessment and

development on near-zero impact technology– International cooperation with USA, Canada and Switzerland

Geological storage (2000 – 2008; $71M)– Nagaoka project

Injected CO2: 10,405 t (2003 - 2005) ECBM (2002 – 2007; $17)

– Yubari project

R&D History

Page 10: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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Non-technological R&D in JapanLate 90’s –

Public perception– Identification of public’s concern and development

of communication strategy Accounting

– National Inventory and Project Based Accounting– Contribution to develop 2006 IPCC Guideline

Applicability to CDM– Submission of two new methodology to CDM-EB

Confidence building on CCS– Risk assessment, communication strategy, etc.

R&D History

Page 11: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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Development of Oxygen-Blown Gasifier

(Source ) K. Chiyonobu, 2014

Projects

Page 12: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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Schedule of Osaki CoolGen Project

(Source ) Chugoku Electric Power Co, 2014

Projects

Page 13: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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Osaki CoolGen IGCC Plant

(Source ) Chugoku Electric Power Co, 2014

Projects

Page 14: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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COURSE50 ProjectEmission reduction from ironworks with various measures including CO2 capture

(Source ) N. Zaima, Clean Coal Day 2015

Projects

Page 15: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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Tomakomai CCS Demonstration Project

(Source ) T. Okajima, Asia Pacific CCS Forum, 2016

Projects

Page 16: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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RITE/ENAA - NAGAOKA projectGeological Stoage Experiment

(Source ) H. Tsuzuku, Clean Coal Day 2015

Projects

Page 17: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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CCS R&D under the Ministry of Environment (2014 - )1. Survey and Identification of CO2 Storage Site2. Feasibility Study for the Introduction of Sustainable CCS

Technology (Phase 1: 2014 – 2015; Phase 2: 2016 - 2020)

Phase 2 include 1) demonstration of large scale capture plant for existing coal fired power plant, and 2) strategic studies for CCS to become a vital policy option in Japan.

Projects

Page 18: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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Survey and Identification of CO2 Storage Site (2014 – 2021)

Co-sponsored project under the Ministry of Environment (MOE) and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)– To identify potential CO2 storage sites in waters

surrounding Japan through two and/or three-dimensional seismic and boring surveys

Projects

Page 19: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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Callide Oxyfuel Project(2004 – 2015)

Project objectives– Demonstrate a complete and integrated process of oxy-fuel

combustion with CO2 capture as the main goal, and near zero emissions of NOx, SOx, Mercury and other heavy metals.

– Obtain detailed engineering design and costing data, and operational experience

Intl’ Projects

Page 20: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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CCS Pilot Project at Gundih Field, Central Java, Indonesia

SATREPS is a Japanese government program that promotes international joint research. The program is structured as a collaboration between the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), which provides competitive research funds for science and technology projects, and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), which provides development assistance (ODA).

Based on the needs of developing countries, the program aims to address global issues and lead to research outcomes of practical benefit to both local and global society.

Started in 2012 under the SATREPS program as an international joint research project between Indonesia and Japan with the leadership of Kyoto University.

(Source ) Private communication with Prof. Matsuoka, Kyoto University

Intl’ Projects

Page 21: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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Gundih CCS Pilot Project (initial activity, 2012-2025)

Advisory board is needed:(MIGAS, SKK MIGAS, Geological

Agency, EBTKE, Lemigas, Oil Companies, etc)

GGR study for determining potential storage, together with KYOTO UNIVERSITYFunding: SATREPS

Program from JICA/JST

Study of Surface Facilities

Funding: 1st batch ADB

Preparing CCS Legal & Regulation Framework

in Indonesia Funding: 1st batch ADB

Reservoir Monitoring by using Gravity, TDEM,

InSAR, MEQ, etc. together with KYOTO

UNIVERSITYFunding: SATREPS

Program from JICA/JST

Monitoring of CO2-injection

Funding: SATREPS Program from JICA/JST

Public Engagement & Risk Analysis

Funding: DIKTI, Norway

Reservoir monitoring by usng 3D DAS VSP, together with CMR

Funding: CLIMIT - Norway

Several research funds provided by Indonesian Government

through KEMENRISTEKDIKTI, etc

etc…etc.. e.g. collaboration with oil

companies for implementing CCUS/EOR

in other fields

Joint Crediting Mechanism, together with KANSO TECHNOS

Funding: NEDO - Japan

ITB –PERTAMINA CCS PILOT PROJECT

IN GUNDIH FIELD

Providing funding for Surface Facilities ,

transportation & CO2 injection

Funding: 2nd batch of ADB

Intl’ Projects

Page 22: CCS Activities and Support by Japan · PDF fileCCS Activities and Support by Japan ... Bank Headquarters, Manila ... and integrated process of oxy-fuel combustion with CO2capture as

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Regulatory Framework for Sub-seabed Storage of Captured CO2

Background In conjunction with the amendment of Annex I to the London

Protocol 1996 in order to manage and implement CO2sequestration in sub-seabed geological formations in an appropriate manner.

September 25, 2006 Environment Minister consulted Central Environment CouncilFebruary 20, 2007 The Council submitted the report to the Minister. March 9, 2007 Draft bill on the revision of Marine Pollution Control Law was

submitted to the Diet.May 23, 2007 The bill was adopted by the Diet (promulgated on May 30).

L & R

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Documents Required for a Permit

Application for a Permit (Ordinance of the MOE, Article 1)– Project Plan– Monitoring Plan

Attachments (Ordinance of the MOE, Article 4 and 5 )1. Site selection report2. Environmental impact assessment report3. Explanation for no appropriate disposal is available other

than sub-seabed storage4. Financial capability of the applicant5. Technical capability of the applicant6. Outline of the entire project (beyond permitting period)

L & R

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Public Funding for Typical CCS RD&D in JapanProject Duration Public Funding (1 USD = 100 Yen) NoteResearch in National Labs. and Universities

1990 - 2000 Several millions of USD

Supporting R&D in National Labs., Non-profit organizations, etc.

2000 - Several to tens of millions of USD

Ocean Sequestration 1997 - 2008 $82MNagaoka Proj. 2000 - 2008 $71MECBM (Yubari Proj.) 2002 - 2007 $17MTomakomai Demo Proj. 2008 - 2020 $610M (- 2016)COURSE50 2008 - 2017 $251M (- 2016)Osaki CoolGen Demo Proj. 2012 – 2020

(Step 1 & 2)$326M (- 2016) Public-Private

PartnershipSurvey of Storage Site 2014 - 2021 $76.5M (- 2016)

METI: $32.5M; MOE:$44MMOE CCS Proj. 2014 – 2020

(Phase 1 & 2)Phase 1 (14 – 15): $12MPhase 2 (16 - 20): > $180M (?)

NOTE: The figures are derived from publicly available documents by the author, and might not always be correct.

Governmental Suport

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Summary – Observation and Issues

Political uncertainties for the CCS– CCS is not included in the mitigation portfolio for 2030 both

in INDC and Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures

– Basic Energy Plan(2014) says “ … accelerate technology development of CCS for the practical use of CCS technology around 2020”.

– Agreement of METI & MOE (April 2013) suggests: In relation to 2050 goal of GHG emission reduction:

– To accelerate technology development of CCS and conduct survey on potential CO2 storage sites for commercialization of CCS by around 2020

– To consider introduction of CCS at coal-fired power plants by 2030 and identify requirements for CCS Ready

Consolidation of political, legal and regulatory framework to establish enabling environment

Summary