cbs edition 74 - · pdf filecbs edition 74 the cbs classification system 1. reviews and books...

CBS Edition 74The CBS classification system

1. Reviews and booksa) Books on TLCb) Books containing one or several chapters on TLCc) Books containing frequent TLC information spread over severalchapters of other information

2. Fundamentals, theory and generala) Generalb) Thermodynamics and theoretical relationshipc) Relationship between structure and chrom. behaviourd) Measurement of physico-chemical and related valuese) Optimization of solvent systemsf) Validation of methods

3. General techniques (unless they are restricted to the applicationwithin one or two classification sections)

a) New apparatus/techniques for sample preparationb) Separation materialc) New apparatus for sample application/dosaged) New apparatus/techniques for chromatogram developmente) New apparatus/techniques for pre- or postchromatographicderivatizationf) New apparatus/techniques for quantitative evaluationg) New apparatus/techniques for other TLC steps (distinguishedfrom section 4)

4. Special techniquesa) Automation of sample preparation/applicationb) Automation of complex chromatogram developing techniquesc) Automation, computer application in quantitative chromatogramevaluationd) Combination of TLC with other chromatographic techniquese) Combination of TLC with other (non-chromatographic)techniques...MS, IR...etc.

5. Hydrocarbons and halogen derivativesa) Aliphatic hydrocarbonsb) Cyclic hydrocarbonsc) Halogen derivativesd) Complex hydrocarbon mixtures

6. Alcohols7. Phenols8. Substances containing heterocyclic oxygen

a) Flavonoidsb) Other compounds with heterocyclic oxygen

9. Oxo compounds, ethers and epoxides10. Carbohydrates

a) Mono- and oligosaccharides, structural studiesb) Polysaccharides, mucopolysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides

11. Organic acids and lipidsa) Organic acids and simple estersb) Prostaglandinsc) Lipids and their constituentsd) Lipoproteins and their constituentse) Glycosphingolipids (gangliosides, sulfatides, neutralglycosphingolipids)

12. Organic peroxides13. Steroids

a) Pregnane and androstane derivativesb) Estrogensc) Sterolsd) Bile acids and alcoholse) Ecdysones and other insect steroid hormones

14. Steroid glycosides, saponins and other terpenoid glycosides15. Terpenes and other volatile plant ingredients

a) Terpenesb) Essential oils

16. Nitro and nitroso compounds

17. Amines, amides and related nitrogen compoundsa) Amines and polyaminesb) Catecholamines and their metabolitesc) Amino derivatives and amides (excluding peptides)

18. Amino acids and peptides, chemical structure of proteinsa) Amino acids and their derivativesb) Peptides and peptidic proteinous hormones

19. Proteins20. Enzymes21. Purines, pyrimidines, nucleic acids and their constituents

a) Purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotidesb) Nucleic acids, RNA, DNA

22. Alkaloids23. Other substances containing heterocyclic nitrogen

a) Porphyrins and other pyrrolesb) Bile pigmentsc) Indole derivativesd) Pyridine derivativese) other N-heterocyclic compounds

24. Organic sulfur compounds25. Organic phosphorus compounds (other than phospholipids)26. Organometallic and related compounds

a) Organometallic compoundsb) Boranes, silanes and related non-metallic compoundsc) Coordination compounds

27. Vitamins and various growth regulators (non-peptidic)28. Antibiotics, Mycotoxins

a) Antibioticsb) Aflatoxins and other mycotoxins

29. Pesticides and other agrochemicalsa) Chlorinated insecticidesb) Phosphorus insecticidesc) Carbamatesd) Herbicidese) Fungicidesf) Other types of pesticides and various agrochemicals

30. Synthetic and natural dyesa) Synthetic dyesb) Chloroplasts and other natural pigments

31. Plastics and their intermediates32. Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications

a) Synthetic drugsb) Pharmacokinetic studiesc) Drug monitoringd) Toxicological applicationse) Plant extracts, herbal and traditional medicinesf) Clinico-chemical applications and profiling body fluids

33. Inorganic substancesa) Cationsb) Anions

34. Radioactive and other isotopic compounds35. Other technical products and complex mixtures

a) Surfactantsb) Antioxidants and preservativesc) Various specific technical productsd) Complex mixtures and non-identified compounds

36. Thin-layer electrophoresis37. Environmental analysis

a) General papersb) Air pollutionc) Water pollutiond) Soil pollution

38. Chiral separations

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1. Reviews and books

74 001 A. HEROLD, (Dept. of Chem. Eng. and Chem. Technol., Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, Univ.of London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BY, UK): A review of the uses of planar chromatography in coaland oil industries. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 180-196 (1994). Review with 137 references for the application of TLC incoal and petroleum analysis. Brief detail (layer, solvents, detection method and reference number) for the separation ofsoil-, sediment-, coal- and petroleum-derived samples are given in three tables. Quality control , qualitative identification , review 1

74 002 J. SHERMA, (Dept. Chem., Lafayette Coll., Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, USA): Planar Chromatography. Anal.Chem. 66, 67R-83R (1994). A review with many references published from November 25, 1981 to November 1, 1993,on theory, techniques and applications of TLC. Review 1

2. Fundamentals, theory and general

74 003 G.M. ANTON-FOS*, F.J. GARCIA MARCH, F. PEREZ-GIMENEZ, M.F. SALABERT-SALVADUR, R.H. CEROSdel-POZO, (*Univ. Drug Design & Mol. Connect. Investig., Dept. Phys. Chem., Fac. Pharm., Univ. Valencia, 46100Valencia, Spain): Calculation of chromatographic parameters by molecular topology: sulphamides. J.Chromatogr. 672, 203-211 (1994). Test of the ability of the molecular connectivity model to predict Rf values in TLC fora group of sulfamides using multi-variable regression equations with multiple correlation coefficients, standard error ofestimate, F-Snedecor function values and Student's t-test as criteria of fit. Prediction of the values for this property indifferent silica and different polar mobile phases by using the molecular connectivity model. Discussion of therelationship between structural features of sulfamides and the Rf values in TLC. Sulfamides 2c, 17c

74 004 I. BARANOWSKA*, S. SWIERCZEK, (*Dept. of Anal. and General Chem., Silesian Techn. Univ., 9 KuczewskiegoStreet, 44 - 101 Gliwice, Poland): On the mechanism of retention of azines and diazines in adsorption TLC withn-propanol - n-hexane eluents. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 251-253 (1994). Employment of the Kowalska model ofsolute retention in liquid - solid chromatography with alcohol - aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures as binary eluents, for theinvestigation of the retention of azines, diazines, their dehydrocondensation products, and their methyl and sulfurderivatives. TLC on silica with propanol - hexane in various proportions. Azines , diazines 2d, 23

74 005 G. BAZYLAK, (Biochrom. Lab., Human Nutrition Division, Dept. of Hygiene, Med. Univ. of Lodz, Jarcza 63, Poland): Chemometric characterization of alkanolamines using molecular descriptors and planar chromatography data. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 202-210 (1994). TLC of twenty nine congeneric alkanolamines, mainly derivatives ofethanolamine and diethanolamine, on RP-18 with methanol - water 9:1 or acetonitrile - water 9:1. Comparison of thecapacity factors with data, taken from the literature obtained by paper chromatography on cellulose, using threedifferent mobile phase systems.

2c, 17

74 006 G.L. BIAGI*, A.M. BARBARO, M. RECANATINI, (*Dip. di Farm., Univ. di Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy): Determination of lipophilicity by means of reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography III. Study of the TLCequations for a series of ionizable quinolone derivatives. J. Chromatogr. 678, 127-137 (1994). Measurement of the RMvalues of a series of antibacterial quinolones at pH 9.0 and 1.2 using a reverse-phase TLC system on silicone DC200-impregnated silica and acetone, methanol or acetonitrile as the organic modifier of the mobile phase. Goodcorrelations between experimental and extrapolated RM values. Investigation of the relationship of the RM values andthe nature of the organic solvent, and between intercepts and slopes of the TLC equation in a series of congenericcompounds. Discussion of the factors affecting chromatographic congenerity. Quinolones 2d, 23

74 007 G.L. Biagi*, A.M. Barbaro, A. Sapone, M. Recanatini, (*Dip. di Farm., Univ. di Bologna, Via Irnelio 48, 40 126 Bologna,Italy): Determination of lipophilicity by means of reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography II. Influence of theorganic modifier on the slope of the thin-layer chromatographic equation. J. Chromatogr. 669, 246-253 (1994).Determination of the RM values of a series of steroids. Investigation of the influence of the organic solvent in the mobilephase on the slopes of the TLC equations. Analysis of the equation correlating slopes and intercepts in different solventsystems. Proposal of a TLC method to be considered as a general procedure for the determination of lipophilicity. Lipophilicity 2d, 13

74 008 T. CSERHATI*, E. FORGACS, (*Cent. Res. Inst. Chem., Hungarian Acad. Sci., P.O. Box 17, H-1525 Budapest,



74 008 T. CSERHATI*, E. FORGACS, (*Cent. Res. Inst. Chem., Hungarian Acad. Sci., P.O. Box 17, H-1525 Budapest,Hungary): Relationship between the high performance liquid and thin-layer chromatographic retention ofnon-homologous series of pesticides on an alumina support. J. Chromatogr. 668, 495-500 (1994). Determinationof the retentions of 26 commercial pesticides by TLC on alumina with hexane - dioxane mixtures, and by HPLC with analumina column. discussion of the linear intercorrelation between the log k' and RM values of the pesticides with theconcentration of dioxane in the eluent. Pesticides 2c, 29

74 009 Y. DARWISH, T. CSERHATI*, E. FORGACS, (*Cent. Res. Inst. Chem., Hungarian Acad. Sci., P.O. Box 17, H-1525Budapest, Hungary): Reversed-phase retention characteristics of some bioactive heterocyclic compounds. J.Chromatogr. 668, 485-494 (1994). Determination of the lipophilicities and specific hydrophobic surface aceas of 16bioactive heterocyclic compounds by reverse-phase TLC on silica, impregnated with hexane-paraffin oil 95:5, usingvarious eluent systems. Evaluation of the data by using principal component analysis (PCA), separately calculated fromthe correlation and covariance matrices, and by cluster analysis.

2c, 23

74 010 K. DROSS, CH. SONNTAG, R. MANNHOLD*, (*Dept. Laser-Med., Mol. Drug Res. Group, Heinrich-Heine-Univ.,Universitätsstr. 1, 40275 Düsseldorf, Germany): Determination of the hydrophobicity parameter RMW byreversed-phase thin-layer chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 673, 113-124 (1994). TLC determination of lipophilicityparameters on the basis of thermodynamically true RM values. Discussion of the superiority of methanol as comparedwith other modifiers and its physico-chemical behavior. Influence of the solvent pH on the silanophilic effect.Extrapolation to modifier-free condition (RMW value) to diminish the contribution of polar interactions. Comparison of theadvantages and disadvantages of non-linear extrapolation procedures with linear regression.

2d

74 011 D. DUMITRESCU, COSTEL SARBU*, H. POP, (*Dept. Anal. Chem., Babes-Bolyai Univ., R-3400 Cluj-Napoca,Romania): A fuzzy divisive hierarchical clustering algorithm for the optimal choice of sets of solvent systems. Anal. Letters 27, 1031-1054 (1994). The method is reported to be capable of finding the best system and the optimalcombination of two or more TLC systems according to the partition coefficients. Solvent optimization 2e

74 012 S. GOCAN*, F. IRIMIE, G. CIMPAN, (*Dep. Anal. Chem., "Babes-Bolyai" Univ., 12 Arany Janos Street, 3400Cluj-Napoca, Romania): Prediction of the lipophilicity of some plant growth-stimulating amido esters ofethanolamine using reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 675, 282-285 (1994).Reverse-phase TLC of title compounds on RP-18 with methanol -water in different proportions. Detection under UV 254nm. study of the correlation between RM values and methanol molar fraction (X), and between ao [=(RM)x=0] and thepartition coefficient (log P). Lipophilicity , amido esters of ethanol amine 2c

74 013 T.J. JANJIC, V. ZIVKOVIC, M.B. CELAP, (Fac, Chem., Univ. Beograd, P.O. Box 550, 11001 Beograd, Yugoslavia): Linear relation between RM values obtained in salting-out planar chromatography and mol % ammoniumsulphate in aqueous solvent systems. Chromatographia 38, 355-358 (1994). Discussion of a linear relation betweenRM and mol % ammonium sulfate in an aqueous solvent system. established for mixed aminocarboxylato cobalt (III)complexes in salting-out TLC on silica, polyacrylonitrile and cellulose. Verification by linear regression analysis of thecorresponding data compound separated on cellulose, and for 7 inorganic anions. Salting-out effects , transition metal complexes 2c, 33

74 014 B. KOCJAN, J. SLIWIOK, (Inst. of Chem., Silesian Univ., 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland): Chromatographic and spectroscopic comparison of the hydrophobicity of vitamins D2 and D3. J. PlanarChromatogr. 7, 327-328 (1994). Partition chromatography on kieselguhr impregnated with paraffin oil with mixtures ofmethanol - water and of acetonitrile - water. Adsorption chromatography on silica with benzene - methanol 9:1.Visualization with 0.005% new fuchsine in water. Calculation of hydrophobicity from Rfs in the different systems.

2c, 27

74 015 M. LEVIN, A. GRIZODOUB*, N. ASMOLOVA, V. GRIGORIEVA, V. GEORGIEVSKY, (*Dept. Chromatogr. &Electrochem., State Cent. Drug Sci., Astronomicheskaya Str., 33, Kharkov 310085 Ukraine): Model of mixedadsorption centre for description of retention in liquid chromatography with multi-component mobile phases. Chromatographia 37, 517-524 (1993). Proposal of a model of a unified adsorption centre, which is a generalization ofthe established Soczewinski equation. It closely describes the experimental curves "k'-composition of multi-componentmobile phase" for all types of adsorbents under consideration in both TLC and column techniques.

2a

74 016 P. MARKKU*, J. YLIRUUSI, H. VUORELA, R. HILTUNEN, (*Leuras Oy, P.O. Box 415, FIN-20101 Turku, Finland):



74 016 P. MARKKU*, J. YLIRUUSI, H. VUORELA, R. HILTUNEN, (*Leuras Oy, P.O. Box 415, FIN-20101 Turku, Finland): Determination of specific heats and adsorption energies of ternary TLC eluents and silica gel. J. PlanarChromatogr. 7, 305-308 (1994). Calculation of specific heats and adsorption energies for different TLC systemscomprising fifteen different ternary solvents containing ethyl acetate, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran and hexane. The heatcapacities of the systems were quite logically affected by the solvents. They increased as volumes of ethyl acetate andtetrahydrofuran were increased. The highest adsorption energy was found for the system comprising silica gel with puretetrahydrofuran as eluent.

2

74 017 M. Palamayeva*, I. KOZEKOV, I. JUROVA, (*Dep. Chem., Univ. Sofia, 1 James Bourchier Ave., Sofia 1126, Bulgaria): Chromatographic behaviour of diastereoisomers XII. Effects of alumina on separations of esters of maleic andfumaric acids. J. Chromatogr. 670, 181-190 (1994). Study of the TLC separations of 20 diastereoisomeric1,2-disubstituted ethenes. ROOCCH=CHCOOR on three different aluminas with 24 mobile phases having strength e inthe range 0.210 - 0.250. Observation of a wide variety of solvent selectivity effects. Discussion of the influence of type ofthe alumina and the selectivity of the mobile phases and the effective values of the group R on the relative retention ofthe diastereoisomers. Comparison of the results from alumina with those from silica using a given mobile phase. Diastereoisomers , maleic acid , fumaric acid 2c, 11a

74 018 A. PODGORNY, T. KOWALSKA*, (Inst. of Chem., Silesian Univ., 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland): Physico-chemical modeling of solute retention in reversed phase liquid chromatography with tetrahydrofuran -phosphate buffer and acetone - phosphate buffer eluents. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 217-220 (1994). Adaption ofthe new retention model primarily established for reverse phase liquid chromatographic systems employingtetrahydrofuran - water and acetone - water mobile phases to the description of solute retention in analogous systemsutilizing phosphate buffer instead of water. The basic physical relationships of this approach have been very carefullytested by experiment. Excellent agreement found between theory and practice of the phenomena considered.

2d

74 019 A. PODGORNY, T. KOWALSKA*, (Inst. of Chem., Silesian Univ., 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland): Physico-chemical modeling of solute retention in reversed phase liquid chromatography with acetonitrile -phosphate buffer eluents. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 291-293 (1994). The new retention model originally developedfor reverse phase liquid chromatographic systems employing acetonitrile - water mobile phases has been adapted fordescription of solute retention in analogous systems using acetonitrile - phosphate buffer mixtures. The basic physicalrelationships of this approach have been experimentally tested, and excellent agreement found between theory andpractice of the phenomenon considered. Retention model 2d

74 020 F. WANG (Wang Fuan), Y. JIANG (Jiang Yuanli), Y. GUO (Guo Xingchen), T. CAO (Cao Tingzhu), (Dept. Chem. Eng.,Zhengzhou Inst. Technol., Zhengzou 450002, P.R. China): (Study of the relation between homologous retentionvalues and homologous factors in thin-layer chromatography. ) (Chinese). Chin. J. Anal. Lab. (Fenxi Shiyanshi)12, 22-24 (1993). A linear equation between the values of the migration parameters of homologs. The equation foundvalid with a large number of experimental data. According to the equation, the values of the migration parameters of 20groups of homologs on 28 kinds of stationary phases in 44 mobile phases were calculated and compared withexperimental data. Review 2c

3. General techniques

74 021 V.N. AGINSKY, (Forensic Science Center of the Ministry of Interior, 22 Raspletina Street, Moscow 123060, Russia): Anew version of the internal standard method in quantitative thin layer chromatography. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7,309-314 (1994). Introduction of a new version of the internal standard method for use in quantitative thin-layerchromatography. In comparison with the existing method, the proposed technique enables significant enhancement ofthe accuracy and precision of quantification. The reasons for this are considered. The technique described enables thecalculation of the relative response factor of a sample component relative to an internal standard; within the calibrationrange the relative response factor is independent of the masses of the component and standard.

3f

74 022 A. KOTYNSKI, Z.H. KUDZIN*, (*Dept. Org. Chem., Univ. Lodz, Narutowcza 68, Lodz 90-136, Poland): Application of



74 022 A. KOTYNSKI, Z.H. KUDZIN*, (*Dept. Org. Chem., Univ. Lodz, Narutowcza 68, Lodz 90-136, Poland): Application oftrifluoroacetic anhydride-sodium iodide reagent for selective detection in thin-layer chromatography IV. Thin-layer chromatographic differentiation of nitrones, nitroxide radicals and nitroso amines in mixtures. J. Chromatogr.663, 127-131 (1994). TLC of title compounds on silica with chloroform (or methanol) - acetone 4:1. Detection byspraying with sodium iodide and subsequently with trifluoroacetic anhydride-sodium iodide reagent. Brown spotsappear on white background, stable for more than 20 min. Postchromatographic derivatization , nitrones , nitroxide radicals 3e, 17

74 023 D. KRIZ*, CH.B. KRIZ, L.I. ANDERSON, K. MOSBACH, (*Dept. Pure & Applied Biochem., Chem. Cent., Univ. Lund,P.O. Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden): Thin-layer chromatography based on the molecular imprinting technique. Anal. Chem. 66, 2636-2639 (1994). Description of a new separation approach, combining TLC and molecularimprinting. Chiral TLC separation of model compounds, L- and D-phenylalanine anilide, on plates based on themolecular imprinting technique with a mobile phase consisting of 0, 5, 10, or 15 % acetic acid in acetonitrile. Detectionby spraying with fluorescamine (0.05% in acetone ), and viewing under UV 366 nm. Test of the separation of othercompounds (anilide, dansyl, ester and amide derivatives of amino acids) on L-phenylalanine anilide and nonimprintedplates. Demonstration of a novel and promising family of stationary phases based on predetermined selectivity for usein TLC. Molecular imprinting technique , chiral separation 3b, 38

74 024 S. NYIREDY*, Z. FATER, (*Res. Inst. f. Med. Plants, H-2011 Budakalasz, Hungary): The Elimination of typicalproblems associated with overpressured layer chromatography. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 329-333 (1994).Discussion of factors causing problems of OPLC, including preparation of plates, selection of mobile phase, inletpressure, elimination of "multi-front effect", etc.

3d

74 025 M. PUKL, M. PROSEK*, R.E. KAISER, (National Inst. Chem., P.O. Box 30, 61115 Ljubljana, Slovenia): Planarelectrochromatography. Part. 1. Planar electrochromatography on non-wetted thin-layers. Chromatographia 38,83-87 (1994). Description of planar electrochromatographic separations of test dry mixture on non-pre-wetted TLCplates. Studies of the behavior of different layers and solvents in an applied electric field of up to 2000 V cm-1. Evidentelectrokinetic effects, electromosis and electrophoresis were observed only on silica gel and polyamide layersdeveloped with polar solvents. Reproducibility, within 5%. Electrochromatography 3d

74 026 T.G. SANCHEZ*, A.N. DIAZ, M.R. CORREA, (*Dept. Anal. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Malaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain): Image analysis of photochemically derivatized and charge-coupled device-detected phenothiazines separatedby thin-layer chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 655, 31-38, (1994). TLC of phenothiazines on silica with methanol -acetic acid 95:5. Detection by photochemical derivatization. Identification and quantification of propiomazine,acetopromazine and chlorpromazine by image analysis with a CCD camera, using both pseudocolor red-greenblue andgrey-scale tones. Pharmaceutical research , phenothiazines , image analysis , charge-coupled device (CCD) 3f

74 027 K. SUGATA, K. NAGASHIMA, M. KAMAYA, E. ISHII, (Fac. Eng., Kogakuin Univ., Tokyo, Japan 160): (Densitometricdetection of fluorescence enhanced by using a transparent polymer film in TLC. ) (Japanese). Bunseki Kagaku(Jap. Anal. Chem.) 42, T143-146 (1993). Description of a method for fluorescence enhancement of spots on TLC plateby wrapping a silica plate with a transparent poly(vinylidene chloride) film just after development, and vaporizing thesolvent of the plate with hot air for 15 min. The detection limits of N-dansyldiethylamine, 15 pmol per spot. Application ofthe method to other plates, such as RP-8 or RP-18, as well as to different solvents, such as benzene, chloroform, and1,2-dichloroethane, and to the fluorescence compounds such as N-dansylamide, N-dansylhexylamine anddansylglycine. Fluorescence enhancement 3e

74 028 R.A. de ZEEUW*, J.P. FRANKE, M. van HALEM, S. SCHAAPMAN, E. LOGAWA, C.I.P. SIREGAR, (*Dept. Anal. Chem.& Toxicol., Univ. Cent., Farm, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands): Thin-layer chromatography under tropicalcondition = impact of high temperatures and high humidities on screening systems for analytical toxicology. J.Chromatogr. 664, 263-270 (1994). Study of the impact of high temperatures (33°C - 38°C) and high relative humidities(80 - 100%) on the applicability of TLC systems for drug identification. Use of 10 systems for 65 acidic, basic andneutral drugs. Comparison of the Rf values during a six month climatologic cycle in Jakarta, Indonesia. Improvement ofthe accuracies and reproducibility of the Rf values by Rf value correction, using reference mixtures of standard drugson each plate. Drugs 3d, 32



4. Special techniques

74 029 A. BETTI*, G. LODI, C. BIGHI, G. CHIORBOLI, S. COPPI, (*Departimento di Chimica, Univ. di Ferrara, via Borsari 46,I-44100 Ferrara, Italy): Use of overpressured layer chromatography and coupled OPLC-GC-MS for the analysis ofacetylenic thiophene derivatives in extracts of Tagete patula. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 301-304 (1994). OPLC ofacetylenic thiophene derivatives on silica with hexane - ethyl acetate 98:2. The possibility of coupling the planartechnique with capillary gas chromatography was explored. Some thiophene derivatives, e.g.5-(3-buten-1-inyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (BBT), 4-(acetoxy-1-butenyl)-2,2'-bithienyl (BBTOAc), and 2,2':5,2'-terthienyl (Alfa-T)were identified by GC-MS. Acetylenic thiophene derivatives 4e, 24

74 030 D.M. BLIESNER, (Zeneca Pharmaceuticals Group, Zeneca Inc., NLW-2 Wilmington, DE 19897, USA): Graphicalcorrelation of TLC and HPLC data in the development of pharmaceutical compounds. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7,197-201 (1994). Regulatory agencies usually require that more than one chromatographic method is used during drugdevelopment. This paper describes a method of graphically displaying and correlating reverse phase HPLC retentiontimes with TLC Rx values. Exploitation of the orthogonal nature of the different chromatographic selectivities shown. Pharmaceutical research 4d

74 031 S.W. LEMIRE, K.L. BUSCH*, (*School of Chem. and Biochem., Georgia Inst. of Technol., Atlanta, 1GA 39322-0400,USA): Chromatographic separations of the constituents derived from Sanguinaria canadensis: Thin-layerchromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 221-228 (1994). One andtwo-dimensional HPTLC of benzophenanthridine alkaloids on silica with benzene - methanol 6:1 and with chloroform -benzene - methanol - formamide 80:100:20:1. Visualization under UV. Quantification by coupling TLC-FAB. Thecombination of mass spectrometric detection with a chromatographic separation method provides analytical data ofequal utility for characterization of this mixture as does capillary electrophoresis, but the higher loadings of material onthe TLC plate enable easier identification of the mixture components. Despite the perceived lower reproducibility forTLC, it is shown that reproducibility in Rf and mass spectral data is excellent. Pharmaceutical research , qualitative identification , sanguinarine , oxysanguinarine , chelerythine 4e, 22

74 032 C.L. PUTZIG*, M.A. LEUGERS, M.L. McKELVY, G.E. MITCHELL, R.A. NYGNIST, R.R. PAPENTUSS, L. YURGA,(*Anal. Sci. Lab., 1897 Building, The DOW Chem. Comp., Michigan Div., Midland, Michigan 48667, USA): Infraredspectroscopy. Anal. Chem. 66, 26R-66R (1994). A general review with 7 references related to TLC/FTIR technique. Review , TLC/FTIR 4e

74 033 S.C. WOLFF, K.-A. KOVAR*, (Pharm. Inst. der Univ. Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany): Determination of edetic acid (EDTA) in water by on-line coupling of HPTLC and FTIR. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7,286-287 (1994). HPTLC of EDTA of an authentic sample of surface water on silica prewashed with acetone -dichloromethane 1:9 by AMD, using a 30 step gradient based on ammoniacal methanol - dichloromethane. Scanning byFTIR. The method has been validated for 0.5 - 3.75 µg EDTA; validated limits of detection and determination werecalculated to be 250 and 450 ng, respectively. Samples containing from 10 to 100 µg/L EDTA can be analyzed withoutderivatization. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , FTIR scanning , AMD , edetic acid 4e, 11

74 034 S.C. WOLFF, K.-A. KOVAR*, (*Pharm. Inst. der Univ. Tübingen, auf der Morgenstelle 8, D-72076 Tübingen): DirectHPTLC-FTIR measurement in combination with AMD. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 344-348 (1994), Use of AMD forthe improvement of the identification and determination limit by FTIR of hexobarbital to between one half and one thirdof their original values; AMD can be recommended for such application. When thinner silica gel layers on a reflectingcarrier are used, these values can be reduced once again (by half). In order to achieve optimum results, certainprocedures must be followed: dot spotting and mobile reference measurement taken at the level of the substance to beanalyzed. Detection limits for hexobarbital = 55 ng, phenobarbital = 55 ng, caffeine = 30 ng, salicylic acid = 220 ng andascorbic acid = 240 ng. The reasons for and significance of these different limits of identification are discussed. Quantitative analysis , AMD , FTIR 4e

7. Phenols

74 035 S.I. EL-DAHMY*, M.A. AAL, H. ABD EL-FATAK, F. FID, (*Pharmacogn. Dept., Fac. of Pharm., Zagazig Univ., Egypt.): Thymol derivatives from Phagnalon Sinaicum Borum-Kheuck. Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica 64, 115-116(1994). TLC of thymol, thymol derivatives, squalene, phytol on silica with petrol ether - ether 9:1 or 7:3. Pharmaceutical research , qualitative identification , agricultural , thymol , squalene , phytol 7

74 036 S. MANEZ*, M.C. RECIO, R.M. GINER, M.J. SANZ, M.C. TERENCIO, J.B. PERIS, G. STÜBING, J.L. RIOS, (*Unitat de



74 036 S. MANEZ*, M.C. RECIO, R.M. GINER, M.J. SANZ, M.C. TERENCIO, J.B. PERIS, G. STÜBING, J.L. RIOS, (*Unitat deFarmacognosia i Farmacodinamia, Universitat de Valencia, Av. Vicent Estelles s/n, 46100 Burjassot Valencia, Spain): A chemotoxonomic review of the subtribe crepidianae based on its phenolic constituents. BiochemicalSystematics and Ecology 22, 297-305 (1994). TLC of phenolic compounds on silica and microcrystalline cellulose.Detection under UV 365 nm and by spraying with the aminoethyl ester of diphenylboric acid 1% in methanol (Neu´sreagent). Food analysis , quality control 7

74 037 S.K. ROTH*, R.L. LINDROHT, M.E. MONTGOMERY (*Dept. of Entomology, 1630 Linden Drive, Univ. of Wisconsin,Madison, WI 53706, USA): Effects of foliar phenolics and ascorbic acid on performance of the gypsy moth(Lymantria dispar). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22, 341-351 (1994). TLC of salicortin and tremulacin onsilica with dichloromethane - methanol - tetrahydrofuran 6:1:1. Densitometry by absorbance at 274 nm. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , salicortin , tremulacin 7

8. Substances containing heterocyclic oxygen

74 038 H. CHEN (Chen Huating), J. WANG (Wang Jiazhen), L. WANG (Wang Lisheng), X. ZHAO (Zhao Xiaoming), UnionHosp., Tongji Med. Univ., Wuhan, P.R. China): (Determination of baicalin in shihuang antibiotic tablets bythin-layer chromatography. ) Chinese J. Hosp. Pharm. (Zhongguo Yiyuan Yaoxue Zazhi) 13, 262-264 (1993). TLC ofbaicalin on silica with ethyl acetate - 95% ethanol 3:2, and ethyl acetate - methanol - formic acid 10:1:1, by stepwisedeveloping method. Quantification by spectrophometry at 278 nm after elution. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , baicalin 8a

74 039 K. DANIELSEN, G.W. FRANCIS*,(Dept. Chem., Univ. Bergen, N-5007 Bergen, Norway): An alternative solventsystem for the separation of anthraquinone aglycones from rhubarb on silica thin layers. Chromatographia 38,520 (1994). TLC of anthraquinone aglycones on silica, using a improved solvent system, hexane - acetone - tert.butanol 85:10:5, for both analytical and preparative applications. Pharmaceutical research , anthraquinone aglycones 8

74 040 B.M. GRIMES*, D.W. STEVENSON, (*Harding Laboratory, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458, USA): The biflavones on the cycadales revisited: Biflavones in Stangeria eriopus, Chinua restrepoi and 32 otherspecies of cycadales. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22, 596-603 (1994). TLC of biflavones developed twiceon silica with toluene - ethyl acetate - formic acid 5:4:1. Inspection under UV 254 nm, then spraying with 1% AlCl3 inmethanol: biflavones occur under UV 366 nm as yellow/orange fluorescing spots. Pharmaceutical research , quality control , cosmetics , qualitative identification 8a

74 041 F. HENNION*, J.L. FIASSON, K. GLUCHOFF-FIASSON, (Terrestrial and Freshwater Life Sciences Division, BritishAntarctic Survey, High Vross, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK): Morphological and phytochemical relationships betweenRanunculus species from Iies Kerguelen. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22, 533-342, (1994). TLC offlavonoids on silica or two dimensionally acetylated polyamide with 1) toluene - methanol - MEK - butanol 40:80:60:1and 2) 40:80:80:1 (second direction). Pharmaceutical research , quality control , qualitative identification 8a

74 042 A. HIERMANN*, F. BUCAR, (Inst. Pharmacognosy, Univ. Graz, Universitätsplatz 4/1, A-8010 Graz, Austria): Diphenyltin dichloride as a chromogenic reagent for the detection of flavonoids on thin-layer plates. J.Chromatogr. 675, 276-281 (1994). Study of the use of diphenyltin dichloride (DIC) as a chromogenic compound for boththe qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavones and flavonols on TLC plates by forming fluorescent complexes ofdifferent color. TLC of the flavonoids on silica, polyamide and cellulose with various mobile phases. Detection byspraying with a 2% (w/v) solution of DTC in acetone - methanol 1:1, and viewing under UV 366 nm. Quantification bydensitometry at 436 nm. Detection limit for quercetin, 20 ng. Quantitative analysis , densitometry , postchromatographic derivatization , diphenyltin dichloride 8a

74 043 W. KIRIDENA, S.K. POOLE, C.F. POOLE*, (Dept of Chem., Wayne State Univ., Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA): Identification of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural in vanilla extracts. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 273-277 (1994). HPTLCon silica with chloroform - ethyl acetate - propan-1-ol 94:2:4. Quantification by densitometry at 280 nm (absorbance).TLC provides a rapid, high sample throughput, and precise (RSD = 3.0%) method for the routine determination of5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural in vanilla extracts without additional sample clean-up. food analysis , quantitative analysis , densitometry , 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural 8b

74 044 ZH. LI (Li Zhenguo), S. SUN (Sun Xingong), K. ZHOU (Zhou Kefan), L. LEI (Lei Liucheng), Y. ZHAI (Zhai Yijuan),



74 044 ZH. LI (Li Zhenguo), S. SUN (Sun Xingong), K. ZHOU (Zhou Kefan), L. LEI (Lei Liucheng), Y. ZHAI (Zhai Yijuan),(Henan Inst. Drug Cont., Zhengzhou 450003, P.R. China): (Determination of esculetin in seeds of Euphorbialathyris L. by thin-layer chromatography.) (Chinese). J. Chin. Trad. Med. (Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi) 18, 458-459(1993). TLC of esculetin on silica with toluene - ethyl acetate - formic acid 5:4:1. Quantification by densitometry at UV254 nm. Comparison of the esculetin content of seeds from different geological areas. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , esculetin 8a, 32e

74 045 E. PAPAY-SZOTYORI-NAGY, (Pharmafontana, H-1051 Budapest, Dorottya u. 13., Hungary): From herbal mixturesto the up to date medicinal products. (The strategy of developing medicinal products presented in the case ofdiuretic and kidney protecting effect.) Gyogyszerészet 38, 189-192 (1994). TLC of quercetin on silica with chloroform -acetone - formic acid 150:33:17. Detection by spraying with AlCl3 solution and under UV 366 nm. Pharmaceutical research , agricultural , qualitative identification , quercetin 8a

74 046 A.R. REID*, B.A. BOHM, (Dept. of Botany, Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4): Vacoular and exudate flavonoids of New Zealand Cassinia (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae). Biochemical Systematicsand Ecology 22, 501-505 (1994). Two-dimensional TLC of flavonoids on polyamide with water - butanol - acetone -dioxane 70:15:10:5 for the first development and 1,2-dichloroethane - methanol - butanone - water 55:20:22:3 for thesecond. Visualization by spraying with 0.1% diphenylboric acid ethanolamine complex in methanol - water 1:1.Examination after 1 h under UV 366 nm. Pharmaceutical research , quality control , qualitative identification 8a

74 047 D.F. SCHUCK*, T.M. PAVLINA, (*Baxter Healthcare Corp., William B. Grahan Science Center Round Lake, Illinois,USA): Rapid detection of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural in parenteral solutions with high-performance thin-layerchromatography. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 242-246 (1994). HPTLC on silica with ethyl acetate. Quantification bydensitometry at 285 nm (absorbance). Recovery >94% (1-2 ppm 5-HMF). A rapid method with minimum samplepreparation, has been developed for detection of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural. The high throughput and sensitivity of themethod suggest wide application to a variety of dextrose-containing parenteral solutions which require 5-HMF testing. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural 8b

74 048 P. VUORELA*, E.-L. RAHKO, R. HILTUNEN, H. VAORELA, (*Pharm. Div., Dep. Pharm. P.O. Box 15, FIN-00014, Univ.Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland): Overpressured layer chromatography in comparison with thin-layer andhigh-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of coumarins with reference to the compositionof the mobile phase. J. Chromatogr. 670, 191-198 (1994). Studies of the retention behavior of 15 closely relatedcoumarins in normal-phase OPLC with the aim of comparing the retention with those in normal-phase TLC and HPLCwith the mobile phase optimized according to the PRISMA system. Examination of two and three dimensionalevaluations of k' against selectivity points, the a values for TLC, OPLC and HPLC. Discussion of the retention behaviorof different solvent systems in different techniques. Pharmaceutical research , comparison of methods , coumarins 8b

74 049 T. WAWRZYNOWICZ, M. WAKSMUNDZKA-HAJNOS*, K. MULAK-BANASZEK, (*Dept. of Inorg. and Anal. Chem.,Med. Acad., Staszica 6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland): Isolation of aloine and aloeemodine from Aloë (Liliaceae) bymicropreparative TLC. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 315-318 (1994). Analytical TLC of Aloë on Florisil with isopropanol -dichloromethane - acetic acid 40:59:1, on RP-8 and RP-2 with ethyl acetate - methanol - water 77:13:10 andisopropanol - dichloromethane - acetic acid 40:59:1, and on RP-18 with methanol - water 8:2. Densitometry by 360 nm.Preparative TLC of Aloë and TLC of the fractions isolated by HPLC on silica with methanol - water 6:4. Visualization ofaloeemodine by exposure to ammonia vapor, of aloine by spraying with saturated borax solution. Densitometry , preparative TLC , aloine , aloeemodine , aloë 8b

9. Oxo compounds, ethers and epoxides

74 050 A. CULHAM*, R.J. GORNALLT, (*Botany Department , University of Reading, Reading RG6 2AS, UK): The taxonomicsignificance of naphthoquinones in the Droseraceae. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22, 507-515 (1994).TLC of naphthoquinones on silica with benzene or benzene - petrol ether (30-40°C) 2:1. Identification under UV byco-chromatography with standards. Also MS. Pharmaceutical research , quality control , qualitative identification 9

10. Carbohydrates

74 051 I. GIEZ*, O.L. LANGE, P. PROKSCH, (*Julius-von Sachs-Inst. für Biowissenschaften, Mittlerer Dallenbergweg 64,



74 051 I. GIEZ*, O.L. LANGE, P. PROKSCH, (*Julius-von Sachs-Inst. für Biowissenschaften, Mittlerer Dallenbergweg 64,d-97082 Würzburg, Germany): Growth retarding activity of lichen substances against the polyphagousherbivorous insect Spodoptera littoralis. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22, 113-120 (1994). TLC of lichensubstances on silica with toluene - ethyl acetate - formic acid 35:20:2. Detection under UV 254 nm. Environmental , quality control , qualitative identification , lichen substances 10

11. Organic acids and lipids

74 052 S. ISKRIC, O. HADZIJA, S. KVEDER, (Ruder Boskovic Inst., HR-41000 Zagreb, Bijenicka 54, Croatia): Behaviour ofhumic acids on Fe(III)-impregnated silica gel compared with model substance. J. Liquid Chromatogr. 17,1653-1657 (1994). Investigation of the behavior of humic acids under the conditions of TLC on Fe(III)-impregnated silicawith tap water. Comparison of the behavior of the compounds having similar functional groups. Agricultural , humic acids 11a

74 053 K. KASAHARA*, L. GUO, Y. NAGAI, Y. SANAI, (*Dept. Biochem. Cell Res., Tokyo Metropolitan Inst. Med. Sci., Tokyo,Japan): Enzymatic assay of glycosphingolipid sialyltransferases using reverse-phase thin-layerchromatography. Anal. Biochem. 218, 224-226 (1994). Reverse-phase TLC of the products of title compoundsincubated with CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid (5x104 cpm) on RP-18 with water. Quantification by computedradiography involved photostimulated luminescence. The procedure is reliable for the simultaneous and rapidmeasurement of a large number of samples. Clinical chemistry research , quantitative analysis , autoradiography 11e

74 054 N. MATSUYAMA, I. MIAN, A. AKANDA, N. FURUYA, (Fac. Agric. Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, Japan 812): (Comparativestudies on thin-layer chromatograms of lipids from various phytopathogenic bacteria. ) (Japanese). NipponShokubutsu Byori Gakkaiho (Jap. Bulletin Plant Pathol. 59, 528-534 (1993). TLC of lipids on silica with 1) chloroform -methanol 2:1 and 2) with chloroform - methanol - water 60:25:4. Detection by spraying with ninhydrin and heating.Comparison of the chromatograms of different bacteria isolates at the generic level and at the species level in the casesof Erwinia and Psudomonas. Lipids , phytopathogenic bacteria 11c

74 055 R.F. MENZELEEV*, YU.M. KRASNOPOLSKY, E.N. ZVONKOVA, V.I. SHVETS, (*Biolek Comp., Pomerki 70, Kharkov310070, Ukraine): Preparative separation of ganglioside GM3 by high performance liquid chromatography. J.Chromatogr. 678, 183-187 (1994). HPTLC of gangliosides on silica with chloroform - methanol - 0.2% CaCl2 60:35:8-Detection by spraying with resorcinol - HCl reagent, and a solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol. Gangliosides 11e

74 056 J. MÜTHING, (Inst. Zellkultur Techn. Univ. Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany): Improvedthin-layer chromatographic separation of gangliosides by automated multiple development. J. Chromatogr. 657,75-81 (1994). Use of AMD to separate gangliosides on silica with chloroform - methanol - water 120:85:14, containing 2mM CaCl2. Comparison of the results with those from conventional TLC. Multiple TLC of ganglio-seriespolysialogangliosides in embryonic chicken brain on silica with chloroform - methanol - water 120:85:22 with 2 mMCaCl2. (ed.: The analytical procedure is available as CAMAG Application Note A-61). AMD , gangliosides 11e

74 057 M. K. PEREZ, B. FRIED, J. SHERMA*, (*Dept. of Chem., Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USA): Comparison ofmobile phases and HPTLC qualitative and quantitative analysis, on preadsorbent silica gel plates, ofphospholipids in Biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda) infected with Echinostoma caproni (trematoda). J. PlanarChromatogr. 7, 340-343 (1994). Comparative study of seven earlier reported (CBS 69 079) and six additional mobilephases for TLC of phospholipids. Best resolution and most sensitive detection of phospholipids was obtained by fourunidimensional developments on silica with chloroform - methanol - isopropanol - 0.25 % potassium chloride - ethylacetate 30:9:25:6:18. Visualization of amino lipids by spraying with 0.2 % ninhydrin in butanol saturated with water andof glycolipids by spraying with 0.5% a-naphthol in methanol - water 1:1, followed by drying, spraying with sulfuric acid -water 95:5 and heating at 100 °C. Quantification by densitometry at 400 nm. Quantitative analysis , densitometry , phospholipids , phosphatidylcholine , phosphatidylserine ,phosphatidylethanolamine

11c, 2e

74 058 B.G. SEMPORE, J.A. BEZARD, (Unite de Nutrition Cellulaire et Metab., Univ. de Bourgogne, BP 138, 21004 Dijon



74 058 B.G. SEMPORE, J.A. BEZARD, (Unite de Nutrition Cellulaire et Metab., Univ. de Bourgogne, BP 138, 21004 DijonCedex, France): Separation of monoacylglycerol enantiomers as urethane derivatives by chiral-phasehigh-performance liquid chromatography. J. Liquid Chromatogr. 17, 1679-1694 (1994). Isolation of natural sourcemonoacylglycerols originated from peanut and cotton seed oil triacylglycerols by combination of argentation TLC andreverse-phase HPLC. Purification of the urethane derivatives by TLC on 5% boric acid impregnated silica with hexane -dichloroethane - ethanol 40:10:3. Detection of the monoacylglycerol derivatives under UV 254 nm. Separation by HPLCafter elution with ether. Agricultural , monoacylglycerol enantiomers , urethane derivatives 11, 38

74 059 S. ZELLMER*, J. LASCH, (* Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle, Inst. Physiol Chem., D-06097 Halle, Germany): Quantitativedetermination of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine in liposomes and on HPTLC plates witho-phthalaldehyde. Anal. Biochem. 218, 229-231 (1994). HPTLC of title compounds on silica with AMD, using 15 stepstandard gradient for lipids based on methanol - dichloromethane. Detection by spraying with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA)and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerophosphoethanolamine (DMPE) and phosphatidylserine (PS). Quantification byfluorodensitometry at 313/>400 nm. Detection limit 100 ng,. Phosphatidylethanolamine , phosphatidylserine 11c

13. Steroids

74 060 E. DAESELEIRE*, K. VANOOSTHUYZE, C. VAN PETEGHEM, (Lab. Food Anal., Univ. Ghent, Havelbekestraat 72,9000 Ghent, Belgium): Application of high-performance thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography -mass spectrometry to the detection of new anabolic steroids used as growth promotors in cattle fattening. J.Chromatogr. 674, 247-353 (1994). HPTLC of anabolic steroids on silica with chloroform - acetone 9:1 in one directionand cyclohexane - ethyl acetate - methanol 117:78:11 in the opposite direction. Detection by spraying with 10% sulfuricacid in methanol and heating for 10 min. at 95 °C. Observation in daylight and under UV 366 nm. Confirmation of theidentities by GC-MS. Agricultural , qualitative identification , anabolic steroids 13

74 061 I. FAREDIN, I. TOTH, J. WÖFLING, G. SCHNEIDER, E. MESKO, (JATE, Dept. of Org. Chem., H-6720 Szeged, Domter 8., Hungary): In vitro inhibitory effects of 16-methyl-substitutes steroids on 5 a-reductose in rat and humanprostates. (Hungarian). Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica 64, 171-174 (1994). TLC of steroids on silica with ethylacetate - chloroform 1:9. Visualization by exposure to iodine vapor, under UV 365 nm or by spraying with 50%phosphoric acid and heating for 10 min. Pharmaceutical research , qualitative identification 13c

74 062 R. KLAUS*, W. FISCHER, H.E. HAUCK, (*Fichtestr. 25, D-64285 Darmstadt, Germany): Analysis andchromatographic separation of some steroid hormones on NH2 layers. Chromatographia 39, 97-102 (1994).HPTLC of several steroid hormones on NH2-bonded silica with 1) chloroform - ethanol - formic acid 5:1:1, 2) chloroform- methanol 95:5, 3) chloroform - 1-propanol - formic acid 50:10:5. Detection by heating at 150 °C for 3 - 4 min.Discussion of the qualitative analysis of selected steroid hormones, i.e. the pharmacologically relevant compoundscortisone and hydrocortisone, estrodiol, estrodiol benzoate, estriol, estrone, methyltestosterone, pregnandiol and triol,pregesterone and Reichstein's S. Pharmaceutical research 13

74 063 J. MOLNAR, M.V. PIRETTI, P. MOLNAR, (*Central Food Research Institute, H-1022 Budapest, Hermann Otto u. 15,Hungary): Investigation of the sterol fraction of olive oil by gaschromatography and mass spectrometry. (Hungarian). Elelmiszervizsgalati Közlemenyek 40, 9-16, (1994). TLC of ß-sitosterol on silica with benzene - acetone8:2. Detection under UV 365 nm after spraying with 2,7-dichloro-fluorescein. Food analysis , qualitative identification , ß-sitosterol 13c

74 064 A. RIVAS-NASS, S. MÜLLNER*, (Hoechst AG Kalle - Albert, Biomed. Res., SBU Rheumatology, P.O. Box 3540,D-65174 Wiesbaden, Germany): The influence of critical parameters on the TLC separation of bile acids. J.Planar Chromatogr 7, 278-285 (1994). Study of the influence of the temperature, ionic strength, and apparent pH of theeluent to find an improved protocol for the analysis of conjugated bile acid. Comparison of the performance of differentsilica layers and variations of eluents at different temperatures. TLC at low temperature, the use of RP plates and thesubstitution of acetic acid with tetrahydrofuran leads to improvement of band shape, intensity and resolution. Clinical chemical research , quantitative analysis , qualitative identification , bile acids 13d

14. Steroid glycosides, saponins and other terpenoid glycosides

74 065 SH. LI (Li Shuzhen), H. LIU (Liu Hong), H. ZHAO (Zhao Hongxia), (*Inst. Basic Theory, China Acad. Tradit. Chin. Med.,



74 065 SH. LI (Li Shuzhen), H. LIU (Liu Hong), H. ZHAO (Zhao Hongxia), (*Inst. Basic Theory, China Acad. Tradit. Chin. Med.,Beijing 100700, P.R. China): (Study of different extraction technology of Puncturevine caltrap, Tribulusterrestris. ) (Chinese). Chinese J. Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao) 25, 462-463 (1994). TLC of the saponins from medicinalherbs on silica with cyclohexane - ethyl acetate 5:3. Detection by spraying with vanillin - acetic acid - sulfuric acid1:50:1. Quantification by densitometry at 425 nm. Comparison of the extraction technologies according to the results. Pharmaceutical research , saponins 14

74 066 S. MA (Ma Suangcheng)*, D. CHEN (Chen Dechang), S. ZHAO (Zhao Sujie), (*Nat. Inst. Cont. Pharm. & Biol. Products,Beijing 100050, P.R. China): (Studies on the chemical components of Chinese drug Yuzhizi I. Hederagenin3-o-glycosides of the seeds of austral akebia, Akebia trifoliata Var. australis.) (Chinese). Chinese J. Herb Med.(Zhongcaoyao) 25, 171-174 (1994). TLC of triterpenoid saponins of hederagenin 3-o-gycosides on silica with the lowerphase of chloroform - methanol -water 160: 5:1 and 13:7:2. Detection by spraying with 50% sulfuric acid in methanol.Identification under UV and by MS, FAB-MS, NMR. Pharmaceutical research , qualitative identification , triterpenoid saponins , hederagenin 3-o-gycosides 14

74 067 G. MATYSIK, (Dept. Inorganic & Anal. Chem., Med. Acad., Staszica 6, 20081 Lublin, Poland): Gradient thin-layerchromatography of extracts from Digitalis lanata and Digitalis purpurea. . Chromatographia 38, 109-113 (1994).TLC of gycosides on silica using stepwise gradient elution, the eluents containing increasing concentration of methanolin ethyl acetate. Identification of some of about 20 separated components. Visualization by spraying the chromatogramswith 3% aqueous solution of chloramine in a mixture of trichloroacetic acid and ethanol 1:4, and heating at 110 °C for10 min. Also densitometry at 365 nm. Pharmaceutical research , glycosides 14

74 068 Q. QIN (Qin Qing), J. FENG (Feng Jingxiao), (Hebei Provin. Inst. Med., Baoding 050061, P.R. China): (Identificationof puerarin and ginsenosides in Chinese preparation Yuqiancongji by thin-layer chromatography. ) (Chinese).Chinese J. Pharm. Anal. (Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi) 14, 56-57 (1994). TLC of puerarin on silica with chloroform - methanol -water 60:40:7. Detection under UV 366 nm. TLC of ginsenosides on silica with chloroform - ethyl acetate - methanol -water 15:40:22:10. Detection by spraying with 10% sulfuric acid in ethanol and heating at 110 °C for 5 min. andinspection under UV 365 nm. Identification by comparison with the standards. Pharmaceutical research , qualitative identification , puerarin , ginsenosides 14

15. Terpenes and other volatile plant ingredients

74 069 S.M. AGOSTINHO*, M.F. DAS, J.B. FERNANDES, P.C. VIEIRA, A.L. PINHEIRO, E.F. VILELA, (*Dept. de Quimica,Univ. Federal de Sao Carlos, Caixa Postal 676, 13565-905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil): Limonoids from Toona ciliata andspeculations on their chemosystematic and ecological significance. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22,323-328 (1994). TLC of limonoids on silica with methanol - isopropanol - hexane 4:10:30. Pharmaceutical research , quality control , preparative TLC , limonoids 15

74 070 K. NIE (Nie Kan)*, W. AN (An Wijian), L. XIA (Xia Licheng), (*Dept. Chem. Mat. Med., Tianjin Coll. Trad. Chin. Med.,Tianjin 300193, P.R. China): (Comparison of the active constituents in three wingnut, Tripterygium Hook f. , fromdifferent regions by thin-layer chromatography.) (Chinese). Chinese J. Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao) 25, 539 - 541 (1994).TLC of total diterpenes and triptolides on silica with chloroform - ether 2:1. Detection by spraying with 2%3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid in ethanol - 5% NaOH in ethanol 1:3. Quantification by densitometry at 535 nm. Also,spectrophotometry. Pharmaceutical research 15a

74 071 X. SONG (Song Xiaojing)*, Y. SHI (Shi Yunhua), A. LI (Li Anjuan), (*Hubei Provin. Inst. Drug Cont., Wuhan 430064,P.R. China): (Determination of patchouli alcohol in Chinese medicine Guangpuzhixieyie by thin-layerchromatography. ) (Chinese). Chinese J. Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao) 25, 295 (1994). TLC of patchouli alcohol on silicawith petrol ether (30 - 60°C) - ethyl acetate - acetic acid 90:10:0.2. Detection by exposure to iodine vapor. Quantificationby densitometry at 590 nm. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , patchouli alcohol 15a, 32c

17. Amines, amides and related nitrogen compounds

74 072 G. ALEMANY*, M.C. NICOLAU, A. GAMUNDI, R. RIAL, (Dept. Biol. Fonamental Cienc. Salut, Univ. Illes Balears, Palma



74 072 G. ALEMANY*, M.C. NICOLAU, A. GAMUNDI, R. RIAL, (Dept. Biol. Fonamental Cienc. Salut, Univ. Illes Balears, Palmade Mallorca, Spain 07071): Thin-layer chromatographic determination of brain catecholamines and5-hydroxytryptamine. Biomed Chromatogr. 7, 315-316 (1993). TLC of norepinephrine, serotonine and dopamine inrat brain on silica with dichloromethane - acetone - ethyl acetate - methanol 140:60:4:1. Detection by spraying withethylene diamine - methanol - 0.5% potassium ferricyanide 10:40:10, and incubating for 7 min. at 60°C. Quantificationby fluorodensitometry 415/>495 nm. Clinical chemistry research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , catecholamines , 5-hydroxytryptomine 17b

74 073 J. LIU, G.W. PONDER, J.T. STEWART*, (*Dept. of Med. Chem., College of Pharm., The Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA30602, USA): Qualitative analysis of polythiazide and its major impurity in drug substance and tablet dosageform by HPTLC and scanning densitometry. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 247-248 (1994). HPTLC of polythiazide and4-amino-6-chloro-1,3-benzenedisulfonamide on silica (prewashed with methanol) with cyclohexane - acetone 1:1.Quantification by densitometry at 268 nm (absorbance). A very simple and rapid TLC method. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , polythiazide , 4-amino-6-chloro-1 ,3-benzenedisulfonamide

17

74 074 Y. WANG (Wang Yan)*, SH. TAN (Tan Shengjian), X. SHAO (Shao Xunsheng), (*The Inst. Drug Cont., Milit. Commit.Sci., Beijing 100101, P.R. China): (Determination of histamine in medicinal herb. phytolacca species by thin-layerchromatography.) (Chinese). Chinese J. Pharm. Anal. (Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi) 14, 58-59 (1994). TLC on silica withchloroform -ethanol - methanol - 17% NH3 2:2:1:1. Detection by spraying with 0.5% ninhydrin in acetone. Quantificationby densitometry at 520 nm. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis 17

18. Amino acids and peptides, chemical structure of proteins

74 075 D.W. ARMSTRONG*, Y. ZHOU, (*Univ. Missouri-Rolla, Dep. Chem., 341 Schrenk Hall, Rolla, Missouri 65401, USA): Use of a macrocyclic antibiotic as the chiral selector for enantiomeric separations by TLC. J. LiquidChromatogr. 17, 1695-1707 (1994). TLC of 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC) derivatized aminoacids, racemic drugs and dansyl amino acid on diphenyl-bonded silica. Macrocyclic antibiotic vancomycin used as achiral mobile phase additive, with acetonitrile as the organic modifier, 0.6 M sodium chloride added to all mobile phases.Discussion of the influence of both the nature of the stationary phase and the composition of the mobile phase on theenantiomeric resolution. The best results were obtained with diphenyl stationary phases. Enantiomeric separations 18a, 38

74 076 B. BUSHAN*, V.K. MAHESH, A. VARMA, (*Dept. Chem., Univ. Roorkee, Roorkee - 247667, India): Improvedthin-layer chromatographic resolution of PTH amino acids with some new solvent systems. BiomedChromatogr. 8, 69-72 (1994). TLC of a mixture of 18 PTH amino acids on silica with 1) pyridine - benzene 5:40, 2)methanol - carbon tetrachloride 1:20, 3) acetone - dichloromethane 3:80. Detection by exposure to iodine vapor. Usingthe systems, various combinations of PTH amino acids which had previously posed resolution problems have beenresolved and identified. Clinical chemistry research , amino acids 18a

74 077 T.S. EL-THAHER*, G.S. BAILEY, (*Chem. Dept., Imperial Coll., South Kensington, London SW7 2AY, U.K.): A newstaining method for cyclic peptides after thin-layer chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 217, 335-337 (1994). TLC ofcyclic peptides on silica with butanol - acetic acid - water 4:1:1. Immersion of the plates in 20% trichloroacetic acidsolution for 10 min, and in 0.3% aqueous Serwa Blue W solution for 5 min with gentle shaking. Detection sensitivity,less than 1 µg (0.7 nmol) peptide per spot. Cyclic peptides. 18b, 3e

74 078 E. NORFOLK, SH. H. KHAN, B. FRIED, J. SHERMA,*, (*Dep. Chem., Lafayette Col., Easton, Pennsylvania 18042,USA): Comparison of amino acid separations on high-performance silica gel, cellulose, and C18 reversed-phaselayers and application of HPTLC to the determination of amino acids in Biomphalaria glabrata snails. J. LiquidChromatogr. 17, 1317-1326 (1994). TLC of 18 amino acids on different layers with 6 solvent systems. Detection byspraying with a solution of 0.3 g ninhydrin in 100 mL butanol plus 3 mL acetic acid and heating at 110 °C for 20 min.Quantification by densitometry at 610 nm. Comparison of the results with those reported earlier using column IEC andreverse-phase HPLC. Comparison of methods 18a

74 097 B.L. Kieffer*, D. BLACK, CH.G. HIRTH, (*Ecole Superieure de Biotechnol., 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg,



74 097 B.L. Kieffer*, D. BLACK, CH.G. HIRTH, (*Ecole Superieure de Biotechnol., 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg,France): 32P-labeled opioid peptides with high affinity for the d-opioid receptor. Anal. Biochem. 215, 1-8 (1993).Description of the design of phosphorylatable opioid peptides, the synthesis of phosphorylated derivatives, and theirpharmacology on NG 108-15 cells. TLC analysis of the phosphorylation of peptides A, B and C, incubated with [r-32P]ATP(7 Ci/ mmol) and the catalytic subunit of protein kinase on polyethylenimine - cellulose with 0.8 M NaH2PO4, pH 4.Detection by autoradiography. Clinical chemistry research , preparative TLC , autoradiography , 32P-labeled opioid peptides 18b, 4d

20. Enzymes

74 079 J. FENG *(Feng Jincheng), J. SUN (Sun Jinsheng), (*Dept Chem., Tianjin Norm. Univ., Tianjin 300074, P.R. China): (Study of the periodic change in hedgehog active tissue ferment by thin-layer chromatography. ) (Chinese).Chinese J. Chromatogr. (Sepu) 12, 380-381 (1994). TLC of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) and LDH isozyme onpolyacrylamide with Tris-Gly system (0.05 mol/L, pH 7.9). Detection by densitometry. Investigation of the periodicvariation by comparison of the finger prints of the samples sampled during hedgehog hibernation. Clinical chemistry research , lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) , LDH isozyme 20

21. Purines, pyrimidines, nucleic acids and their constituents

74 080 SH. WANG (Wang Shangqi, L. MA (Ma Liren), (Inst. Radiat. Med., Acad. Mil. Med. Sci., Beijing 100850, P.R. China): (Purification of synthetic oligonucleotide and its derivatives using thin-layer chromatography. ) (Chinese).Chinese J. Adv. in Biochem. & Biophys. (Shengwu Huaxue Yushengwu Wuli Jinzhan) 20, 234-237 (1993). TLC ofsynthetic oligonucleotides on silica with isopropanol - water - NH3 6:3:1, and 57:33:10. Visualization under UV 254 nm.Quantification after elution. Oligonucleotides 21a

22. Alkaloids

74 081 T.G. CHANDRASHEKHAR*, P.S.N. RAO, D. SNETH, S.K. VYAS, C. DUTT, (Anal. Development Lab., TorrentResearch Center, 87/3 B.I.D.C. Estate, Vatva, Ahmedabad - 382245, India): Determination of buprenorphinehydrochloride by HPTLC: A reliable assay method for pharmaceutical preparations. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7,249-250 (1994). HPTLC of buprenorphine hydrochloride on silica with cyclohexane - toluene - diethylamine - methanol100:30:33:10. Quantification by densitometry. Recovery 98.8%. Detection limit 16 ng. A simple, reliable, sensitive, andfast HPTLC method. Pharmaceutical research , quality control , quantitative analysis , densitometry , buprenorphine hydrochloride 22

74 082 R. CHIZZOLA, (Inst. Botany & Food Sci., Veterinary Med. Univ. Vienna, Linke Bahngasse 11, A-1030 Vienna, Austria): Rapid sample preparation technique for the determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plant extracts. J.Chromatogr. 668, 427-433 (1994). Description of a sample preparation technique rendering alkaloid fractions suitablefor TLC or GC determination of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids from various plant sources. The procedure includes thereduction of the alkaloid N-oxides with the oxygen-absorbing resin and a clean-up with strong cation exchange solidphase columns, as well as an enrichment of the alkaloids if desired. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids 22, 3a

74 083 S. HOSTAFI, J. REPASI, (Alkaloida Rt, H-4440 Tiszavasvari, P.O. Box 1, Hungary): Synthesis and analyticalcharacterization of dansyl derivatives of morphine-like substances. Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica 64, 22-25(1994). TLC of dansyl derivatives on silica with chloroform - acetone - diethylamine 5:4:1, chloroform - methanol 9:1,benzene - methanol 8:2, or 90:10:1. Detection by spraying with Dragendorff's reagent or inspection under UV 254 -266nm. Pharmaceutical research , qualitative identification 22

74 084 W. LI (Li Wei)*, H. ZHANG (Zhang Huan), J. CHEN (Chen Jian), J. JIANG (Jiang Jin), (*Dept. Pharm., Xinjiang Coll.Med., Ulumuqi 830054, P.R. China): (Determination of morphine in pulverized opium by thin-layerchromatography. ) (Chinese). Chin. J. Anal. Lab. (Fenxi Shiyanshi) 13, 92-93 (1994). TLC of morphine on silica withethyl acetate - methanol - NH3 75:20:5. Quantification by densitometry at 278 nm. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , morphine 22, 32c

74 085 A. NAGY-TURAK, Z. VEGH*, (*Chem. Works of Gedeon Richter LTD., P.O. Box 27, 1475 Budapest 10, Hungary):



74 085 A. NAGY-TURAK, Z. VEGH*, (*Chem. Works of Gedeon Richter LTD., P.O. Box 27, 1475 Budapest 10, Hungary): Extraction and in situ densitometric determination of alkaloids from Catharanthus roseus by means ofoverpressured layer chromatography on amino-bonded silica layers I. Optimization and validation of theseparation system. J. Chromatogr. 668, 501-507 (1994). OPLC of title compounds on amino-bonded silica with variouseluent systems. Evaluation by densitometry at 298 nm. Optimization of the eluent by PRISMA model, followed by afactorial experimental design using the geometric mean of the normalized resolution, as a response function. Peakpurity test and validation data are given.

22

74 086 SH SHAO* (Shao Shihon), L. XU (Xu Luqing), J. LI (Li Jiacang), W. GE (Ge Wanxia), (Tianjin Tongrentang Pharm.Fact., Tianjin 300132, P.R. China): (Determination of atropine in Chinese medicine Gucilaosungao by thin-layerchromatography. ) (Chinese). Chinese J. Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao) 25, 357-358 (1994). TLC of atropine on silica withchloroform - acetone - methanol - NH3 70:10:15:1. Detection by spraying with potassium iodobismuthate reagent.Quantification by densitometry at 540 nm. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , atropine 22

74 087 M.E. Sosa, J.R. Valdes, J.A. Martinez, (Inst. Pharm. Food Sci., Univ. Havana, Cuba): Determination of ajmalinestereoisomers by combined high-performance liquid and thin-layer chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 662,251-254 (1994). Description of a procedure for the determination of ajmaline and its stereoisomers using a combinedTLC-HPLC approach. TLC of ajmaline, isoajmaline, sandwicine and isosandwicine on silica with acetone - petrol ether(40 - 60°) - diethylamine 2:7:1. Detection by spraying with 1% ammonium cerium (IV) sulfate in concentratedorthophosphoric acid. Discussion of the results of several semipurified alkaloidal mixtures obtained from variousRauwolfia species. Pharmaceutical research , ajmaline stereoisomers 22

23. Other substances containing heterocyclic nitrogen

74 088 H.Y. ABOUL-ENEIN*, V. SERIGNESE, (*Bioanal. & Drug Develop. Lab., Biol & Med. Res. Dept., MBC-03, King FaisalSpecialist Hosp. & Res. Cent., P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia): Thin-layer chromatographic(TLC) determination of pheytoin in pharmaceutical formulations and identification of its hydroxylated urinarymetabolites. Anal. Letters 27, 723-729 (1994). TLC of phenytoin on silica with chloroform - isopropylether - methanol -NH3 75:25:20:1. Quantification by densitometry at 254 nm. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , phenytoin 23e, 32c

74 089 I. BARANOWSKA*, S. SWIERCZEK, (*Dept. of Anal. and General Chem., Silesian Techn. Univ., 9 KuczewskiegoStreet, 44 - 101 Gliwice, Poland): Comparison of the chromatographic behaviour of azines and diazines on florisiland aluminium oxide. Acta Chromatographica 3, 59-69 (1994). TLC of 16 heterocyclic compounds with ring nitrogenatoms on florisil and aluminium oxide with polar solvents. Interpretation of the experimental results in terms of amolecular model of adsorption, by graphical analysis of plots of RM against the logarithm of mole fraction of the polarsolvent.

23

27. Vitamins and various growth regulators

74 090 D.A. NAVAS, P.A. GUIRADO, S.F. GARCIA, (Dept. de Quimica Anal., Fac. de Ciencias, Univ. de Malaga, Malaga,Spain): Thin-layer chromatography and fiber-optic fluorometric quantitation of thiamine, riboflavin and niacin. J. Chromatogr. 655, 39-43 (1993). TLC of thiamine, riboflavin and niacin on silica with methanol - water 30:70.Quantification by fiber-optic fluorometry. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis 27

28. Antibiotics, Mycotoxins

74 091 K. IZER*, I. TÖRÖK, G. PINTER-MAGYAR, (Nat. Inst. of Pharm., H-1051 Budapest, Zrinyi u.3., Hungary: Stability ofoxytetracycline hydrochloride in eye-drops, prepared in pharmacies. Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica 64, 63-66(1994). TLC of oxytetracycline on silica. Predevelopment with saturated aqueous disodium ethylenediamine-tetraacetatesolution followed by development with chloroform - methanol - water 65:25:5. Quantification by densitometry at 254 nm. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , oxytetracycline 28a

74 092 K. KHAN, J. PAESEN, E. ROETS, J. HOOGMARTENS*, (*Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Lab. voor Farm. Chem., Fac.



74 092 K. KHAN, J. PAESEN, E. ROETS, J. HOOGMARTENS*, (*Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Lab. voor Farm. Chem., Fac.Farm. Wetenschappen, Van Evenstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium): Quantitative TLC of erythromycin - applicationto commercial bulk samples and biological samples. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 349-353 (1994). TLC on silica withdichloromethane - methanol - 25% NH3 60:6:1. Detection by spraying with 0.15% xanthydrol in hydrochloric acid conc. -acetic acid 60:5, followed by heating. Quantification by densitometry at 525 nm. Comparison of TLC with LC. This TLCmethod can be used for rapid and simple quantification of erythromycin in urine and plasma samples. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , erythromycin 28a

74 093 W. NAIDONG, S. HUA, E. ROETS, J. HOOGMARTENS*, (Katholieke Univ. Leuven, Fac. Farm. Wetenschappen, Lab.voor Farm. Chem., Van Evenstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium): Purity control of six tetracyclines bysemi-quantitative TLC with fluorescence detection. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 297-300 (1994). TLC for rapid andsimple control of the purity of tetracyclines on silica with dichloromethane - methanol - water 60:35:5 forchlortetracycline and dichloromethane - methanol - water 59:35:6 for the other tetracyclines. Before use the plates weresprayed with a 10% solution of disodium EDTA, the pH of which had been adjusted with a 40% solution of sodiumhydroxide to pH 8.0 for tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and demeclocycline and to pH 9.0 for oxytetracycline,doxycycline, and metacycline. Visualization and semi-quantitative assessment under UV 365 nm. Clinical chemical research , tetracyclines 28a

74 094 H. OKA, Y. IKAI, J. HAYAKAWA, K. HARADA, K. MASUDA, M. SUZUKI, R. HIMEI, M. HORIE, H. NAKAZAWA, (AichiPrefect. Inst. Pub. Health, Nagoya, Japan 462): (Identification of residual tetracyclines in honey by TLC/FABMS. )(Japanese). Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi (J. Food Hyg. Soc. of Jap.) 34, 517-523 (1993). Establishment of a confirmationmethod using reverse-phase TLC/FABMS for identifying residual tetracycline antibiotics. oxytetracycline, tetracycline,chlortetracycline and doxycycline in thiaglycerol as matrix. Food analysis , qualitative identification , tetracyclines 28a, 4e

74 095 H. OKA*, Y. IKAI, J. HAYAKAWA, K. MATSUDA, K. HARADA, M. SUZUKI, (*Aichi Prefect. Inst. Public Health,Tsuji-machi, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462, Japan): Improvement of chemical analysis of antibiotics. Part XIX:Determination of tetracycline antibiotics in milk by liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography / fast atombombardment mass spectrometry. J. AOAC Int. 77, 891-895 (1994). TLC of oxytetracycline, tetracycline,chlortetracycline, doxycycline on RP-8 with methanol - acetonitrile - 0.5 M aqueous oxalic acid solution (pH 2.0) 1:1:4. Food analysis , qualitative identification 28

74 096 N.M. QUIROGA, I. SOLA, E. VARSAVSKY, (Inst. de Tecnologia Ind., Dept. de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Leandro N.Alem 1067, 70 Piso, (1001) Buenos Aires, Republica Argentina): Selection of a simple and sensitive method fordetecting zearalenone in corn. J. AOAC Int. 77, 939-941 (1994). TLC of zearalenone on silica with chloroform -acetone 9:1. Detection under UV 254 nm. Visual comparison of test spot with standard. Food analysis , toxicology , quantitative analysis , qualitative identification , zearalenone 28b

29. Pesticides and other agrochemicals

74 097 Y. DARWISH, T. CSERHATI*, E. FORGACS, (*Cent. Res. Inst. for Chem., Hungarian Acad. Sci., P.O. Box 17, 1525Budapest, Hungary): Reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography of various pesticides in the presence ofwater-soluble beta-cyclodextrin polymer. Chromatographia 38, 509-513 (1993). Studies of the modification of thehydrophobicity of 28 commercial pesticides with a water-soluble ß-cyclodextrin (BCD) polymer in the presence ofaqueous NaCl by reverse-phase TLC. Investigation of the interaction of pesticides with the water-soluble BCD polymerin the systems, and elucidation of the effect of a salt-containing environment on the stability of the formed complexes.

29

74 098 I. Kanion, G. Zachariadis, G. Kalligas, H. Tsoukali, I. Stratis, (Vet. Inst. Food Hyg. Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece54006): Separation and determination of carbadox, nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, and furaltadonein their mixtures by thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Liquid Chromatogr. 17,1385-1398 (1994). TLC of title compounds on silica with 1) chloroform - acetonitrile - formic acid 87:10:3, and 2)chloroform - acetone 1:3. Detection by exposure to pyridine vapor and densitometry at 366 nm. Detection limit in therange of 0.2 - 1.6 ng for the 5 compounds. Pharmaceutical research , comparison of methods , carbadox , nitrofurazone nitrofurantoin 29f

74 099 SH. C. McGINNIS, J. SHERMA, (Dept. Chem., Lafayette Coll., Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, USA): Determination of



74 099 SH. C. McGINNIS, J. SHERMA, (Dept. Chem., Lafayette Coll., Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, USA): Determination ofcarbamate insecticides in water by C-18 solid phase extraction and quantitative HPTLC. J. Liquid Chromatogr.17, 151-156 (1994). HPTLC of N-methyl carbamate insecticides on silica; with toluene - acetone 4:1 for carbaryl,carbofuran, methiocarb; with hexane - acetone - chloroform 75:15:10 for propoxur. Detection by dipping first into KOH inmethanol and then into a freshly prepared solution of 25 mg p-nitrobenzene-diazonium fluoborate in 90 mL acetoneplus 10 mL of diethylene glycol. Quantification by densitometry at the wavelengths of maximum absorbance for eachcompound, as determined from the in-situ spectra recorded from 400-700 nm. Agricultural , quantitative analysis , densitometry , carbamate insecticides 29c, 37c

74 100 J. SHERMA, (Dept. of Chem., Lafayette Col., Easton, PA 18042-1782, USA): Determination of pesticides by thinlayer chromatography. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 265-272 (1994). Review of the advances in the applications of TLCand HPTLC for the separation, detection, and qualitative and quantitative determination of pesticides and relatedcompounds published and/or abstracted between late 1990 and early 1994 with 138 literature references. Analysis of avariety of sample matrices for residues of pesticides of various types, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides,belonging to different chemical classes are covered. The use of radio-TLC for pesticide metabolism, uptake, anddegradation studies is also reviewed. Agricultural , food analysis , review 29

30. Synthetic and natural dyes

74 101 M.A. COOK*, L.M. HARWOOD, M.J. SCOBLE, G.C. McGAVIN, (*Dept. of Entomology, The Natural History Museum,Cromwell Road, London SW7 58D, UK): The chemistry and systematic importance of the green wing pigment inemerald moths (Lepidoptera: geometridae, geometrinae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22, 43-51 (1994).TLC of the pigment on silica with methanol - water 2:1 with the addition of a few drops of ammonia solution. TLCprovides a sensitive and cost effective comparative technique for identifying the pigment in a wide range ofLepidoptera. Environmental , quality control , quantitative analysis 30b

74 102 M. GRUNG*, P. METZGER, S. LIAAEN-JENSEN, (*Org. Chem. Lab., Norwegian Inst. of Technol., Univ. of Trondheim,N-7034 Trondheim-NTH, Norway): Algal carotenoids 53 - Secondary carotenoids of algae 4, secondarycarotenoids in the green alga Botryococcus braunii, race L. , new strain. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22,25-29, (1994). TLC separation of 3-hydroxyechinenone from canthaxanthin on silica with chloroform - ether 8:2 and ofzeaxanthin from lutin with 1) chloroform - ethyl ether 8:2 and 2) with chloroform - tetrahydrofuran 8:2. Environmental , quality control , qualitative identification , carotenoids 30b

74 103 J.A. HAUGAN*, S. LIAAEN-JENSEN, (*Org. Chem. Lab., Norwegian Inst. of Technol., Univ. of Trondheim, N-7034Trondheim-NTH, Norway): Algal carotenoids 54 - Carotenoids of brown algae (Phaeophyceae). BiochemicalSystematics and Ecology 22, 31-41, (1994). Separation of carotenoids on silica with acetone - hexane in differentproportions. Preparative TLC on silica with the same hexane - acetone mixtures. Environmental , quality control , qualitative identification , carotenoids 30b

74 104 H. OKA*, Y. IKAI, T. OHNO, N. KAWAMURA, J. HAYAKAWA, K. HARADA, M. SUZUKI, (*Aichi Prefect. Inst. PublicHealth, Tsuji-machi, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462, Japan): Identification of unlawful food dyes by thin-layerchromatography - fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. 674, 301-307 (1994). Identificationof the 27 food dyes by TLC on RP-18 with methanol - acetonitrile - 5% aqueous sodium sulfate 1:1:1. Description of afocusing technique for concentrating of diffuse sample spots on the plate. FAB-MS detection in a matrix1,4-dithiothreitol-1,4-dithioerythritol 3:1. Food analysis , qualitative identification , food dyes 30a, 4e

74 105 N. OZEKI, H. IKAI, H. OKA, T. OHNO, J. HAYAKAWA, T. HAYASHI, T. AOYAMA, Y. KUSHIBIKI, T. SATO, (ToyoakePub. Health Cent., Aichi Prefect., Toyoake, Japan 470-11): (Applicability of reversed-phase TLC to the analysis ofcoal tar dyes in food. ) (Japanese): Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi 34, 542-545 (1993). Normal and reverse-phase TLC ofcoal tar dyes in 162 food samples. Investigation of the applicability of reverse-phase TLC to the analysis. Comparison ofthe chromatographic behavior of the dyes. The results indicate that the use of reverse-phase TLC makes it easier toidentify dyes in food. Food analysis , coal tar dyes 30

74 106 N. OZEKI, H. OKA, Y. IKAI, T. OHNO, J. HAYAKAWA, T. TAKEO, M. ITO, R. SUZUKI, (Toyoake Pub. Health Cent.,



74 106 N. OZEKI, H. OKA, Y. IKAI, T. OHNO, J. HAYAKAWA, T. TAKEO, M. ITO, R. SUZUKI, (Toyoake Pub. Health Cent.,Aichi Prefect., Toyoake, Japan 470-11): (Identification of coal tar dyes by reversed-phase TLC/FABMS with asample condensation techniques. ) (Japanese). J. Food Hyg. Soc. of Jap. 34, 512-516 (1993). Description ofreverse-phase TLC/FABMS method incorporating an analyte condensation technique for the identification of 12 coal tardyes, using the magic bullet matrix (a 3:1 dithiothereitol-dithio-erythritol mixture). TLC of xanthene and other dyes onRP-18 with MEK - methanol - 5% aqueous sodium sulfate solution 1:1:1, and 2) methanol - acetonitrile - 5% aqueoussodium detection limit 150-fold with good reproducibility by using the condensation technique. Food analysis , qualitative identification , coal tar dyes 30, 4e

74 107 P.J. PEISCHL*, M. SABO, G.E. DUGAN, G. PUERSCHNER, (Clairol Inc., 2 Blachley Road, Stamford, CT 06922, USA): Evaluation of spectrodensitometry for the quantitative analysis of dye components contained in hair colorformulas. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 211-216 (1994). TLC of the individual dye components of a hair color product(eight different variations of the formula) on silica with ethyl acetate or ether - chloroform - ethyl acetate 6:1:1.Quantification by densitometry at 415 nm (absorbance). Cosmetics , quantitative analysis , densitometry 30

74 108 G. PETRI*, U. KRAWCZYK, A. KERY, (SOTE Inst. for Drug Res. and Contr., H-1085 Budapest, Üllöi u. 26., Hungary): Spectrophotometric and chromatographic investigation of bilberry anthocyanins for qualification purposes. (Hungarian). Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica 64, 117-122 (1994). TLC of anthocyanins on cellulose with formic acid -hydrochloric acid - water 6:1:5. Densitometry. Pharmaceutical research , densitometry , qualitative identification , anthocyanins 30b

32. Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications

74 109 H. ABD EL-FATTAH*, A. GOHAR, S. EL-DAHMY, A. HUBAISHI, (Pharmacogn. Dept., Fac. of Pharm., SaunaUniversity, Yemen): Phytochemical investigation of Rumex luminiastrum. Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica 64,83-85 (1994). TLC of chryopanol, physcion, emodin, chrysophanin, rheochrysin, emodin-8-O-glycoside,kaempferol-7-O-rhamnoglycoside, quercinmeritrin, orientin on silica with petrol ether - ether 8:2. Detection by sprayingwith 10% KOH in ethanol and heating. Pharmaceutical research , agricultural , qualitative identification 32e

74 110 G. ALEMANY*, A. GAMUNDI, M.C. NICOLAU, D. SARO, (Dept. Bio. Fonamental Cienc. Salut, Univ. Illes Balears,Palma de Mallorca, Spain 07071): A simple method for plasma cannabinoid separation and quantification. Biomed Chromatogr. 7, 273-274 (1993). TLC of cannabinoids on silica with isooctane - ethyl acetate - acetic acid30:10:1. Detection by spraying with Triton-X100 - chloroform - hexane 1:20:80. Quantification by densitometry at 340nm. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , cannabinoids 32f

74 111 F. AN (An Feng), S. YUE (Yue Songjian), (*Sch. Pharm., West China Med. Univ., Chengdu 610041, P.R. China): (Determination of salidroside in eight species of Rodiola rosea L. by thin-layer chromatography/ UVspectroscopy.) (Chinese). Chinese J. Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao) 25, 466.467 (1994). TLC of salidroside on silica withchloroform - methanol - water 26:14:3. Quantification by UV spectroscopy at 224 nm after elution. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , salidroside 32e

74 112 M.K. BORGES*, E.V. ROBINSON, S.P. GUNASEKERA, M. GUNASEKERA, N.K. GULA, S.H. POMPON, (*Div. ofBiomedical Marine Resarch, Harbor Branh Oceanographic Inst. 5600 North US 1): Species differentiation in themarine sponge genus Discodermia: the utility of ethanol extract profiles as species-specific chemotaxonomicmarkers. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22, 353-365 (1994). TLC of ethanol extracts on silica with ethylacetate - heptane 1:1, dichloromethane - ethanol 9:1, butanol - acetic acid - water 6:3:1. Visualization by spraying with5% vanillin-sulfuric acid reagent followed by heating. Pharmaceutical research , quality control , qualitative identification 32a

74 113 B. CENNI, B. BETSCHART*, (Univ. de Neuchâtel, Inst. da Zoologie, rue Emile Angand 11, 2007 Neuchâtel,Switzerland): The determination of halofantrine in biological samples by high performance thin layerchromatography. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 294-296 (1994). HPTLC of the highly lipophilic and lipoprotein-associatedphenanthrene-methanol antimalarial drug halofantrine in biological samples on silica with hexane - ethanol -triethylamine 185:5:10. Quantification by densitometry at 256 nm (absorbance). Disturbing lipoid matrix componentswere eliminated by either liquid - liquid or solid-phase extraction. A normal phase adsorbent was suitable for separationof halofantrine from matrix components. The method is a valuable alternative to conventional HPLC methods and hasthe major advantages of being less sophisticated and requiring less expensive equipment. Clinical chemical research , quantitative analysis , halofantrine 32

74 114 M. EDLER, R. SCHLÜTER, (Gemeinschaftspraxis für Laboratoriumsmedizin Dr. Eberhard und Partner, Brauhausstr. 4,



74 114 M. EDLER, R. SCHLÜTER, (Gemeinschaftspraxis für Laboratoriumsmedizin Dr. Eberhard und Partner, Brauhausstr. 4,44137 Dortmund): Dünnschichtchromatographischer Nachweis von Flunitrazepam (RohypnolR) im Urin. (Detection and identification of flunitrazepam (RohypnolR) in urine by TLC.) T+K 61 (3), 74-79, (1994). Samplepreparation by acid hydrolysis followed by solid phase extraction (Extrelut); reduction of the nitro group by TiCl3.Chromatography on silica with chloroform - acetone - NH3 60:30:5, post chromatographic derivatization withBratton-Marshall reagent; detection limit 100-150 ng/mL urine. Advantages over GC/MS: less interference by largeconcentrations of other drugs; low time requirement. Clinical routine analysis , toxicology , qualitative identification , comparison of methods , postchromatographicderivatization

32c, d

74 115 Y. FENG (Feng Yanlin), SH. ZHANG (Zhang Shengwan), Y. ZHANG (Zhang Youxian), S. SHEN (Shen Xiaohong),(Dept. Chem., Shanxi Univ., Taiyuan 030006, P.R. China): (Determination of three components oftrimethoprim-sulfadiazine-sulfamethoxazole tablets by thin-layer chromatography. ) (Chinese). Chinese J.Chromatogr. (Sepu) 12, 364-366 (1994). TLC of trimethoprim, sulfadiazine, and sulfamethoxazole on silica with ethylacetate - chloroform 2:1, saturated with water. Quantification by densitometry at 285 nm, 275 nm, 265 nm, respectively. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , trimethoprim (TMP) , sulfadiazine (SD) ,sulfamethoxazole (SMZ)

32c

74 116 X. GUO (Guo Xiaojie)*, H. SUN (Sun Huifen), K. YU (Yu Kui), (*Beijing Municipal Inst. for Drug Cont., Beijing 100035,P.R. China): (Studies of the separation, quantification of isosorbide nitrates by thin-layer chromatography. )(Chinese). Chinese J. Pharm. Anal. (Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi) 14, 37-41 (1994). TLC of isosorbide dinitrate,isosorbide-5-mononitrate, and isosorbide-2-mononitrate on silica with chloroform - methanol 95:5. Detection under UV254 nm, and spraying with sulfuric acid - ethanol 1:1 and heating at 140 °C for 10 min. Detection limit 1 µg.Quantification by HPLC after elution. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , isosorbide nitrates 32c

74 117 J. JIN (Jin Jisu)*, S. DOU (Dou Suhu), (Anhui Provin. Inst. Med. Sci., Hefei 230061, P.R. China): (Identification of5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflane in the flowers of Longxucao, Juncus setchuensis Buch var. effusoides Buch bythin-layer chromatography.) (Chinese). Chinese J. Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao) 25, 553 (1994). TLC on polyamide withbenzene - MEK - methanol 6:2:2. Detection by spraying with AlCl3 in ethanol. Identification after elution by IR, meltingpoint, etc. Pharmaceutical research , 5 , 7 , 3' , 4'-tetrahydroxyflane 32e

74 118 J. LI (Li Jianye), ZH. WU (Wu Zhongdian), (Nanyang Inst. Drug Cont., Nanyang, Henan, 473062, P.R. China): (Identification of the Chinese formulation Pukeling tablet by thin-layer chromatography. ) (Chinese). Chinese J.Pharm. Anal. (Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi) 14, 59-60 (1994). TLC of chlorphenamine maleate and some constituents fromGanoderma lucidum on silica with chloroform - methanol - water - formic acid 30:20:2:2. Detection by exposure to iodinevapor. Identification by comparison with standards. Pharmaceutical research , chlorphenamine maleate 32c

74 119 L. LI (Li Liangqong)*, M. LI (Li Meirong), W. FENG (Feng Wentao), (*School Pharm., West China Univ. Med. Sci.,Chengdu 610041, P.R. China): (Studies of the chemical constituents of Libanjisheng, Helixanthera parasitica. )(Chinese). Chinese J. Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao) 25, 283-284 (1994). TLC of the extracts on polyamide with 1) ethanol,2) methanol - butanol - - acetyl acetone 10:5:1. Detection by spraying with 1% FeCl3 - 1% potassium ferricyanide 1:1.Column isolation according to the results from TLC. Identification of ethyl gallate, gallic acid, quercitrin, and5,7,3'-4'-tetrahydroxyflaven by UV, FTIR, MS, NMR. Pharmaceutical research , qualitative identification , qualitative identification 32e

74 120 T. LI (Li Tongquan)*, H. ZHEN (Zhen Hanshen), (*Pharm. Fact., Guangxi Coll. Tradit. Chin. Med., Nanning 730023, P.R.China): (Determination of hesperidin and total anthraquinone in Chinese medicine, Chen-Xiangloubailu tabletby thin-layer chromatography. ) (Chinese). Chinese J. Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao) 25, 359-361 (1994). TLC on silicawith ethyl acetate - methanol - water 100:17:13. Detection by spraying with 1% AlCl3 in ethanol. Quantification ofhesperidin by densitometry at 290 nm. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , hesperidin , anthraquinone 32c

74 121 X. LIU (Liu Xianzhuang), X. YANG (Yang Xinli), (Dept. Chem., Henan Norm. Univ., Xinxiang 453002, P.R. China): (Determination of sulfadiazine in its compound tablets by thin-layer chromatography. ) (Chinese). Chin. J. Anal.Lab. (Fenxi Shiyanshi) 13, 75-76 (1994). TLC of sulfadiazine on silica with chloroform - ethanol - heptane 1:1:1.Quantification by densitometry at 270 nm. Detection limit 50 ng/spot. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry 32c

74 122 Y. LUO (Luo Yunxuo), L. YANG (Yang Lahu), (*Guangxi Inst. Drug cont., Nanning 530021, P.R. China): (Studies of



74 122 Y. LUO (Luo Yunxuo), L. YANG (Yang Lahu), (*Guangxi Inst. Drug cont., Nanning 530021, P.R. China): (Studies ofthe quality of antitumor drug by thin-layer chromatographic determination of etoposide in it. ) (Chinese).Chinese J. Pharm. Anal. (Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi) 14, 25-27 (1994). TLC of etoposide on silica with dichloromethane ether -methanol 20:24:1. Detection under UV 254 nm, Also, UV, IR, HPLC and phase solubility analyses. Pharmaceutical research , etoposide 32c

74 123 S.C. MATHUR, N. MURUGESAN, Y. KUMAR, Y.K.S. RATHOR, P.D. SETHI*, (R & E Division, Central IndianPharmacopoeia Laboratory, Ghaziabad 201002, India): A simple TLC method for identification of nonoxynol-9 incontraceptive preparations. Ind. J. Forensic Sci. 6, 85-86 (1992). Identification of nonoxynol-9 in vaginal tablets andcreams on silica with methanol. Visualization with potassium dichromate solution in 10% sulfuric acid. Clinical chemistry research , qualitative identification , nonoxynol-9 32

74 124 G. MATYSIK, E. SOCZEWINSKI*, B. POLAK, (Dept. of Inorg. and Anal. Chem., Med. Acad., Staszica 6, 20-081 Lublin,Poland): Improvement of separation in zonal preparative thin-layer chromatography by gradient elution. Chromatographia 39, 497-504 (1994). Zonal micropreparative TLC of complex extracts of the plants Azulan andHemorigen by stepwise gradient elution with binary mixture of chloroform - ethyl acetate in the frontal chromatographymode. Confirmation by extraction of some of the separated fractions and rechromatography. Pharmaceutical research , preparative TLC 32e

74 125 I. OJANPERÄ*, E. VUORI, (*Dept. Forensic Med., P.O. Box 40, Kytösuontie 11, FIN-00014 Univ. Helsinki, Finland): Identification of drugs in autopsy liver samples by instrumental qualitative thin-layer chromatography. J.Chromatogr. 674, 147-152 (1994). TLC of basic drugs on silica with toluene - acetone - 94% ethanol - NH3.Densitometry at 220 nm and in situ spectra recording in the range of 200 - 400 nm. Identification by correlation ofcorrected Rf values and spectra. (Ed.: The CAMAG Application Note A-60 is based on publications by these authors. Qualitative identification , basic drugs 32f

74 126 P. PACHALY, G. RADAU, (Pharm. Inst. der Rhein. Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Kreuzbergweg 26, D-53115Bonn): Einfache dünnschichtchromatographische Identifitätsprüfung in Fertigarzneimitteln. - Simple thin-layerchromatographic identification of active principles in finished products. Pharm. Ind. 56, 478-483 (1994). TLC ofalbendazole and mebendazole on silica with hexane - ethyl acetate - acetic acid 7:2:1. Detection under UV 254 nm, byexposing to iodine vapor. and by spraying with Dragendorff / Ce(SO4)2. Pharmaceutical research , quality control , qualitative identification , albendazole , mebendazole 32a

74 127 P. PACHALY, W. SCHICK, (Pharm. Inst. der Rhein. Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Kreuzbergweg 26, D-53115Bonn): Einfache dünnschichtchromatographische Identifitätsprüfung in Fertigarzneimitteln. Teil 2 - Simplethin-layer chromatographic identification of active principles in finished products. Part 2. Pharm. Ind. 55, 259-267(1993). TLC of acetylsalicylic acid on silica with ethyl acetate - methanol - acetic acid 80:19:1. Detection under UV 254and by exposure to iodine vapor. TLC of paracetamol and of ibuprofen on silica with toluene - acetone - formic acid50:48:2 and 70:28:2, respectively. Detection under UV 254 and by exposure to iodine vapor. TLC of a series of otherdrugs from the Essential Drug List were reported, which allow a fast and relatively sure basic quality control in finishedproducts. Pharmaceutical research , quality control , qualitative identification 32a

74 128 ZH. PANG (Pang Zhigong), B. WANG (Wang Baoqi), H. ZHU (Zhu Huiqin), (*Dept. Pharm., Xian Univ. Med., Xian710061, P.R. China): (Determination of gentiopicroside in Gentiana macrophylla by thin-layer chromatography. )(Chinese). Chinese J. Pharm. Anal. (Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi) 14, 50-52 (1994). TLC of gentiopicroside on silica withchloroform - methanol - water 30:10:1. Detection under UV 254 nm. Quantification by fluorophotometry at 360 nm afterelution. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , gentiopicroside 32e

74 129 P. PARIMOO*, A. BHARATHI, M. SHAJAHAN, (*Dept. of Pharm., Birla Inst. of Techn. & Sci., Pilani - 333031, India): Estimation of oxyphenbutazone and ibuprofen in presence of paracetamol and dextropropexyphene in dosageform by quantitative thin-layer chromatography. Indian Drugs 31 (4), 139-143 (1994). TLC of different analgesics incombined dosage form on silica in phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) with ethyl acetate - chloroform - methanol NH3110:80:10:1. Determination after elution by spectrophotometry at 242 nm for paracetamol, 258 nm fordextropropoxyphene, 265 nm for oxyphenbutazone and ibuprofen. Quality control , quantitative analysis , preparative TLC , paracetamol , dextropropoxyphene , oxyphenbutazone, ibuprofen

32a

74 130 P. PARIMOO*, M. MOUNISSWAMY, A. BHARATHI, N. LAKSHMI, (*Dept. of Pharm., Birla Inst. of Techn. & Sci., Pilani -



74 130 P. PARIMOO*, M. MOUNISSWAMY, A. BHARATHI, N. LAKSHMI, (*Dept. of Pharm., Birla Inst. of Techn. & Sci., Pilani -333031, India): Determination of paracetamol, dextropropoxyphene HCl and dicyclomine HCl in pharmaceuticalformulations by quantitative thin-layer chromatography. Indian Drugs 31 (5), 211-214 (1994). TLC of differentanalgesics on silica (1mm thick) with ethyl acetate - chloroform - methanol - water 75:15:5:3:2. Quantification afterelution with methanol - 1N HCl 99:1 by spectrophotometry at 242 nm (paracetamol), 258 nm (dextropropoxyphene HCl)and 620 nm (dicyclomine HCl) after derivatization with cobalt chloride reagent. Quality control , quantitative analysis , preparative TLC , paracetamol , dicylomine HCl , dextropropoxypheneHCl

32a

74 131 P. PARIMOO*, P. UMAPATHI, J. SAMUEL, (*Dept. of Pharm., Birla Inst. of Techn. & Sci., Pilani - 333031, India): Determination of salbutamol sulphate and bromhexine HCl in drug preparations by preparative TLC. EasternPharmacist 36, 125-127 (1993). Preparative TLC for the quantification of the ingredients in antiasthmatic preparation onsilica (1 mm thick) with chloroform - methanol 1:3. Determination after elution with 0.1 N methanolic NaOH byspectrophotometry at 298 nm (salbutamol sulfate) and at 310 nm (bromhexine hydrochloride). Quality control , quantitative analysis , preparative TLC , salbutamol sulfate , bromhexine hydrochloride 32a

74 132 S.K. POOLE, C.F. POOLE *, (Dept. Chem., Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI 48202, USA): Thin-layer chromatographicmethod for the determination of the principal polar aromatic flavour compounds of the cinnamons ofcommerce. Analyst 119, 113- 120 (1994). TLC on silica with 1) hexane - triethylamine 46:4, and 2) hexane -chloroform 44:6, or in a single development with hexane - chloroform - triethylamine 90:6:4. TLC of non-acidiccompounds on DIOL plates with hexane - ethyl acetate - methanol 88:11:1, and TLC of acidic compounds on DIOLplates with chloroform - hexane - methanol 59:39:2. Identification by the correlation of the Rf values and the in-situ UVspectra of the unknowns and standards. Determination by densitometry at 255 nm. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , cinnamons 32e

74 133 G. ROMANO*, G. CARUSO, G. NUSUMARRA, D. PAVONE, G. CRUCIANI, (*Instituto die Medicina Legale e delleAssicurazioni, Univ. die Catania, Via Bibliotheca 4, 95124 Catania, Italy): Qualitative organic analysis. Part 3.Identification of drugs and their metabolites by PCA of standardized TLC data. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 233-241,(1994). Principal components analysis of standardized Rf values of 443 drugs and their metabolites chromatographedwith four eluent systems provided a two-component model accounting for 70.8% of the total variance. The "scores" plotenabled either identification, or restriction of the range of inquiry to few candidates. This simple, cheap and fastanalytical method is of vital importance in the identification of an unknown drug in cases of overdose intoxication orpoisoning, and is particularly valuable in the unaided search for drugs and their metabolites in instances when thesubstance is very polar and cannot be identified by gas chromatography. Clinical chemistry research , toxicology , review 32d

74 134 V.M. SHINDE*, B.S. DESAI, N.M. TENDOLKAR, (The Inst. of Sci. and Anal. Lab., 15 Madam Cama Road, Bombay400032, India): Selective determination of nitrendipine and nimodipine in pharmaceutical dosage by highperformance thin layer chromatography. Indian Drugs 31 (3), 119-121 (1994). Simple and rapid HPTLC method forquantification of individual drugs in tablets on silica (prewashed with methanol with ethyl acetate - toluene 1:1.Densitometry at 236 and 240 nm. Recovery 95 - 96%. Quality control , quantitative analysis , densitometry , nitrendipine , nimodipine 32a

74 135 V.M. SHINDE*, B.S. DESAI, N.M. TENDOLKAR, (The Inst. of Sci. and Anal. Lab., 15 Madam Cama Road, Bombay400032, India): Simultaneous determination of propranolol HCl and hydrochlorothiazide in tablets byquantitative TLC. Indian Drugs 31 (5), 192-196 (1994). HPTLC of propranolol HCl and hydrochlorothiazide inanti-hypertensive and diuretic combination on silica (prewashed with methanol) with benzene - methanol - ethyl acetate- NH3 80:20:10:2. Densitometry at 280 nm with trimethoprim as internal standard. Recovery 97-98%. Quality control , quantitative analysis , densitometry , propranolol , hydrochlorothiazide 32a

74 136 P. SHIRKE*, M.D. PATEL, V.B. TIRODKAR, V. TAMHANE, P.D. SETHI, (Central Drugs Laboratory, ESIKS Hosp. Bldg.,Wagle Industrial Estate, Thane 400604, India): Estimation of paracetamol and metoclopramide in their combineddosage form by HPTLC. Eastern Pharmacist 37, 155-156 (1994). HPTLC of paracetamol and metoclopramide onsilica (prewashed with methanol) with ethyl acetate - acetone - NH3 60:40:1. Densitometry at 300 nm. Recovery100-102%. Quality control , quantitative analysis , densitometry , paracetamol , metoclopramide 32a

74 137 P. SHIRKE*, M.D. PATEL, V.B. TIRODKAR, V. TAMHANE, P.D. SETHI, (Central Drugs Laboratory, ESIKS Hosp. Bldg.,Wagle Industrial Estate, Thane 400604, India): Estimation of amitriptyline hydrochloride and chlordiazepoxide incombined dosage form by HPTLC. Eastern Pharmacist 37, 179-180 (1994). HPTLC of anti-anxiety drugsamitriptyline and clordiazepoxide in tablets on silica (prewashed with methanol) with ethyl acetate - methanol -diethylamine 190:10:1. Quantification by densitometry at 245 nm. Recovery 100.8 - 102%. Quality control , quantitative analysis , densitometry , amitriptyline , chlordiazepoxide 32a



74 138 P. SHIRKE*, M.D. PATEL, V.B. TIRODKAR, V. TAMHANE, P.D. SETHI, (Central Drugs Laboratory, ESIKS Hosp. Bldg.,Wagle Industrial Estate, Thane 400604, India): Simultaneous estimation of furazolidone and metronidazole fromtheir combined dosage form by HPTLC. Ind. J. Pharm. Sci. 56 (3), 108-109 (1994). HPTLC of furazolidone andmetronidazole on silica (prewashed with methanol) with chloroform - acetone - methanol 100:16:40. Densitometry at254 nm. Recovery 99 - 101%. Quality control , quantitative analysis , densitometry , furazolidone , metronidazole 32

74 139 P. SHIRKE*, M.D. PATEL, V.B. TIRODKAR, V. TAMHANE, P.D. SETHI, (Central Drugs Laboratory, ESIKS Hosp. Bldg.,Wagle Industrial Estate, Thane 400604, India): Simultaneous estimation of ibuprofen and paracetamol incombined dosage formulation by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Indian Drugs 30 (12), 653-654(1993). HPTLC of ibuprofen and paracetamol in analgesic tablets on silica (prewashed with methanol) with hexane -ethyl acetate - acetic acid 90:25:10. Densitometry at 265 nm. Recovery 99 - 101%. Quality control , quantitative analysis , densitometry , ibuprofen , paracetamol 32a

74 140 S.W. SUN, H. FABRE*, (*Lab. de Chim. Anal. Fac de Pharm., 34060 Montpellier, France): Practical approach forvalidating the TLC assay of an active ingredient in a pharmaceutical formulation. J. Liquid Chromatogr. 17,433-445 (1994). Proposal of a general approach for validating the TLC assay of an active ingredient in a dosage form.Discussion of the major aspects of the technique, such as the experimental design, statistical tests of evaluation data,on-plate stability, solution stability, specificity, linearity, accuracy and repeatability. Pharmaceutical research 32c

74 141 M. TANG (Tang Minghui)*, L. SHAO (Shao Lizheng), Y. XIE (Xie Yanjun), ZH. QI (Qi Zhibin), (*Dept. Pharm., ChineseMateria Med., China Pharm. Univ., Nanjing 210038, P.R. China): Study of the Chinese medicine "901" AntiInfluenza Complex granule. ) (Chinese). Chinese J. Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao) 25, 182-183 (1994). TLC of themedicine extracts on silica with 36% acetic acid and with chloroform - benzene - methanol 1:5:1. Visualization ofScutellaria baicallensis Georgi. under UV 365 nm and of Bupleurum Chinese DC under UV 254 nm. Pharmaceutical research 32c

74 142 M. VAJDA*, K. OTTA-HORVATH, E. TOTH-FORGACS, (MTA KKKI, H-1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri u. 59/67, Hungary): Development of analytical methods for the determination of indosol substance in eye drops. (Hungarian). ActaPharmaceutica Hungarica 64, 131-134 (1994). TLC of indosol substances on silica with chloroform - methanol 4:1.Inspection under UV 254. Pharmaceutical research , qualitative identification , indosol 32c

74 143 G. WANG (Wang Guorong), Y. ZHANG (Zhang Yuzhong), SH. HU (Hu Shiling) (Nat. Inst. for Cont. Pharm. and BiolProd., Beijing 100050, P.R. China): (Determination of synephrine and N-methyl-tyramine in Citrus aurantium L. by thin-layer chromatography.) (Chinese). Chinese J. Pharm. Anal. (Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi) 14, 48-50 (1994). TLC ofsynephrine and N-methyl tyramine on silica with chloroform - methanol - formic acid - water 60:20:14:1. Detection byspraying with 0.2% ninhydrin in acetone. Quantification by densitometry at 510 nm and 560 nm, respectively. Pharmaceutical research , synephrine , N-methyl tyramine 32e

74 144 Y. WANG (Wang Yongqing), SH. WANG (Wang Shuchun), L. YU (Yu Lijian), R. MA (Ma Rundi); Dept. Pharm., ShanxiColl. Health Cadet., Xian, 710068 P.R. China): (Quantitative analysis of tubeimoside I by thin-layerchromatography. ) (Chinese). J. Chin. Trad. Med. (Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi) 18, 358-360 (1993). TLC oftubeimoside I in Bolbostemma paniculatum rhizomes, injections, or suppositories on silica with chloroform - methanol -water 48:25:7. Quantification by densitometry at 474 nm. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , tubeimoside I 32e

74 145 N. XONG (Xong Nanyan)*, Z. KONG (Kong Zengke), L. FENG (Feng Li), (Hebei Provin. Handan No. 1 Hosp., Handan056002, P.R. China): (Discrimination of Chinese drug Jianghuang, curcum longa, with its similar speciesPianjianghuang, C. Wenyujin.) (Chinese). Chinese J. Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao) 25, 320-321 (1994). TLC of theextracts from title drugs on silica with benzene - chloroform - ethanol 49:49:2. Detection by spraying with 1%phosphomolybdate reagent. Pharmaceutical research 32e

74 146 G. YANG (Yang Guohong), (Beijing Municipal Inst. Drug Cont., Beijing 10035, P.R. China): (Studies of the qualitystandard of the Chinese Shenrongsanshen medicinal wine. ) (Chinese). Chinese J. Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao), 25(9), 457-458 (1994). Identification of the chemical constituents of the medicinal herbs used in wine, such as the fruit ofLycium Chenense Mill., the fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L., the rhizome of Vladimiria souliei (Franch.) Ling., etc, by TLCon silica with cyclohexane - acetone 10:3. Detection by spraying with 5% vanillin - sulfuric acid (3g - 0.5 mL) in ethanol. Pharmaceutical research , qualitative identification 32e

74 147 L. YUAN (Yuan Lu)*, G. SU (Su Guilan), G. HU (Hu Guanshi), (*The No. 155 Hosp. PLA, Kaifeng 475003, P.R. China):



74 147 L. YUAN (Yuan Lu)*, G. SU (Su Guilan), G. HU (Hu Guanshi), (*The No. 155 Hosp. PLA, Kaifeng 475003, P.R. China): (Studies of the quality of Chinese medicines, Danshen injection and compound Danshen injection. ) (Chinese).Chinese J. Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao) 25, 299-301 (1994). TLC of catechol-like constituents on silica with xylene - ethylacetate - acetic acid 5:5:1. Quantification by densitometry at 281 nm. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , catechol , tannins 32c

74 148 R.A. de ZEEUW*, J. HARTSTRA, J.P. FRANKE, (*Dept. Anal. Chem., & Toxicol., Univ. Cent, Pharm., A. Deusinglaan2, 9713 AW Groningen, Netherlands): Potential and pitfalls of chromatographic techniques and detection modesin substance identification for systematic toxicological analysis. J. Chromatogr. 674, 3-13 (1994). Discussion ofthe potential and the constraints of TLC, GC and HPLC towards substance identification, together with their detectionmodes, including color reactions on the plate, MS and diode - array UV spectrophotometry. Evaluation of theidentification power of TLC and color reactions plus GC or HPLC retention indices for the purpose. The possibility foridentification by means of computerized database searches are considered. Toxicology , qualitative identification , comparison of methods , review 32d, 4e

74 149 A. ZHANG (Zang Ahui), ZH. BU (Bu Zhiying), Y. ZHANG (Zhang Yang), Q. WANG (Wang Qiong), W. LI (Li Weibiu), L.Qi (Qi Liu), (Dep. Pharm., Xian Med. Univ., Xian 710061, P.R. China): (Determination of alprazolam in plasma bythin-layer chromatography. ) (Chinese). Chinese J. Pharm. (Zhongguo Yaoxue Zazhi) 28, 233-234 (1993). TLC ofalprazolam on silica with cyclohexane - chloroform - diethylamine 50:40:11. Detection under UV 254 nm. Quantificationby densitometry at 246 nm. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry 32f

74 150 M. ZHANG (Zhang Molei)*, X. XIAO (Xiao Yuefeng), H. JIN (Jin Huiling), (*Dept. Chin. Mat. Med., Jianjin Coll. Trad.Chin. Med., Tianjin 300193, P.R. China): (A thin-layer chromatographic method for the quality control of Chinesemedicine Jinchuang Wuyousan. ) (Chinese). Chinese J. Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao) 25, 412 (1994). TLC ofginsenoside Rg1 on silica with chloroform - ethyl acetate - methanol - water 20:40:22:10. Detection by spraying with10% sulfuric acid in ethanol and heating at 110 °C for 15 min. Quantification by densitometry at 540 nm. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis , densitometry , ginsenoside 32c, 14

74 151 S. ZHAO (Zhao Sujie), L. LI (Li Lingling), B. WANG (Wang Baoqin), (*Nat. Inst. Cont. Pharm. & Biol. Prod., Beijing100050, P.R. China): (Studies of the quality standard of Chinese medicine multi-component Dibiling by thin-layerchromatography. ) (Chinese). Chinese J. Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao) 25, 518-519 (1994). TLC of the extracts of garlic,cassia and ephedra on silica with hexane - benzene 9:1, and hexane - ether - acetic acid 5:8:1. Detection by exposureto iodine vapor or spraying with 2% ninhydrin in ethanol and heating at 105 °C for 5-10 min. Quantification of allicin byHPLC. Discussion of the quality standard of medicines. Pharmaceutical research 32e

74 152 W. ZHOU (Zhou Wenhui), (The 1st Affiliated Hosp., Nanjing Med. Univ., Nanjing 210005, P.R. China): (Determinationof the water-soluble phenolic acid in Danshen oral liquid by thin-layer chromatography. ) (Chinese). Chinese J.Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao) 25, 460-461. 485 (1994). TLC of water-soluble phenolic acid on silica with benzene - ethylacetate - formic acid 50:40:9. Detection by spraying with 3% FeCl3 in ethanol. Quantification by UV spectrometry afterelution with ether. Pharmaceutical research , quantitative analysis 32c

33. Inorganic substances

74 153 T.J. JANJIC*, V. ZIVKOVIC, M.B. CELAP, (*Fac. Chem., Univ. Belgrade, P.O. Box 550, 11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia): Salting-out thin-layer chromatography of transition metal complexes. IV. Effect of sorbent on the behavior ofmixed aminocarboxylato cobalt (III) complexes. Chromatographia 38, 447-452 (1994). Investigation of the effect of thesorbent on RM values, salting-out efficiency (m) and separation factors (a) of adjacent members of homologous seriesin salting-out TLC on silica, polyacrylonitrile and cellulose sorbents, using ammonium sulfate solutions as developers.Study of literature data for 14 mixed aminocarboxylato cobalt (III) complexes. Salting-out TLC , transition metal complexes 33a

74 154 K. OGUMA, Y. TAKEDA, K. ISHIDA, (Eng. Coll. Chiba Univ., Chiba, Japan): (Inorganic thin-layer chromatography. )(Japanese). Bunseki (J. Jap. Anal.) (9), 661-669 (1993). A review with 104 references on research and application ofinorganic TLC. Review 33

74 155 R.K. RAY*, G.B. KAUFFMAN, (*Dept. Chem., Rama Krishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary Coll., Rahara - 743 186,



74 155 R.K. RAY*, G.B. KAUFFMAN, (*Dept. Chem., Rama Krishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary Coll., Rahara - 743 186,24-Parganas (North), West Bengal, India): Chromatographic studies of metal complexes. VII. Thin-layerchromatography of cobalt (III) complexes. J. Chromatogr. 675, 271-275 (1994). TLC of a variety of inert cobalt (III)complexes of different charges on silica with aqueous salt solutions. Discussion of the relationship between the degreeof adsorption of the cationic complexes on negative silica and the charge and charge distribution of the complex ion,and between Rf values and charges of complexes. Cobalt (III) complexes 33

35. Other technical products and complex mixtures

74 156 V.N. AGINSKY, (Forensic Sci. Cent., Ministry of the Interior. 22 Raspletina Str., Moscow 12 3060, Russian Federation): Determination of the age of ballpoint pen ink by gas and thin-layer chromatography using densitometry. J.Chromatogr. 678, 119-125 (1994). TLC of ink components on silica with ethanol - acetone - hexane 1:5:20. Evaluationby plotting the calibrated values of the standards against the samples being tested. Determination of the volatilecomponents of the ink by GC. Ink components 35d

36. Thin-layer electrophoresis

74 157 H. ZHONG (Zhon Shaoqing), ZH. QIAN (Qian Zhongzhi), (Helongjiang Provin. Inst. Drug Cont., Harbin 150001, P.R.China): (Identification of bile-cyst of bear by disc gel electrophoresis and densitometry. ) (Chinese). Chinese J.Herb Med. (Zhongcaoyao) 25, 377-378 (1994). Disc gel electrophoresis of water-soluble proteins of bile cysts of bear,as well as pig, cow and sheep on acrylamide (7.5%). Detection by dipping into a 0.025% brilliant Blue R250 solution.Densitometry at 560 nm. Identification of bile-cyst of bear by comparison with standard.

36, 19

38. Chiral separations

74 158 J. BOJARSKI*, M. KUBASZEK, H. BARTON, E. CHMIEL, (*Dept. Org. Chem., Sch. Med., Jagiellonian Univ., 30-048Krakow, Poland): Chromatography of methyl derivatives of 5-ethyl-5-phenyl-2-thiobarbituric acid. J. Chromatogr.668, 481-484 (1994). Separation of the two pairs of monomethyl and dimethyl derivatives from the methylation of5-ethyl-5-phenyl-2-thiobarbituric acid by TLC on silica with 1) chloroform, 2) chloroform - toluene - acetone 2:2:1, 3)chloroform - toluene - acetone 2:2:1, 3) cyclohexane - ethyl acetate 4:1. Detection under UV 254 nm. Also HPLC. 5-ethyl-5-phenyl-2-thiobarbituric acid enantiomers 38

74 159 L. LEPRI, V. COAS, P. DESIDERI, (Dept. of Public Health, Epidemiology, and Environmental Analytical Chemistry,Univ. of Florence, Via G. Capponi 9, 50121 Florence, Italy): Planar chromatography of optical and structuralisomers with eluents containing modified ß-cyclodextrins. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 322-326 (1994).Chromatography of derivatized DL amino acids on RP-18 with eluents based on 0.1 M phosphate buffer containing20% acetonitrile + 3% NaCl with the addition of various ß-cyclodextrins. Influence of urea content, influence of organicsolvent, and influence of pH studied; discussion of the stability constants of complexes formed.

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74 160 L. LEPRI, V. COAS, P. DESIDERI, A. ZOCCHI, (Dept. of Public Health, Epidemiology, and Environmental AnalyticalChemistry, Univ. of Florence, Via G. Capponi 9, 50121 Florence, Italy): Reversed phase planar chromatography ofenantiomeric compounds on triacetylcellulose. J. Planar Chromatogr. 7, 376-381 (1994). Investigation of thechromatographic behavior of several racemates and pure optical isomers on commercially available and home-madeacetylated cellulose plates developed with aqueous organic mobile phases containing ethanol or 2-propanol. Theresolution of the enantiomers is highly dependent on the type of cellulose triacetate (acetyl content and structure of theadsorbent), the concentration of organic solvent and the temperature.

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