Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics

Filippo G. Cosi

29. Mai 2013

Motivation

What is cavity Quantum Electrodynamics?

I.Schuster, MPQ, Garching

Contents

Introduction

Normal-mode spectroscopy of a Single-Bound-Atom-Cavity System

Nonlinear spectroscopy of photons bound to one atom

Photon blockade

Summary

The Jaynes-Cummings Model

· Atom + Cavity

6

ωa

g

e

Atom

`6

6

ωc

ωc

|0〉

|1〉

|2〉

|n〉

Cavity field|0〉

|1,−〉−g|1,+〉+g

|2,−〉−√

2g

|2,+〉+√

2g` |n,−〉−

√ng

|n,+〉+√

ng

6

6

ω0

ω0

Atom + Cavity

The Jaynes-Cummings Model

· Atom + Cavity

6

ωa

g

e

Atom

`6

6

ωc

ωc

|0〉

|1〉

|2〉

|n〉

Cavity field|0〉

|1,−〉−g|1,+〉+g

|2,−〉−√

2g

|2,+〉+√

2g` |n,−〉−

√ng

|n,+〉+√

ng

6

6

ω0

ω0

Atom + Cavity

The Jaynes-Cummings Model

· Atom + Cavity

6

ωa

g

e

Atom

`6

6

ωc

ωc

|0〉

|1〉

|2〉

|n〉

Cavity field

|0〉

|1,−〉−g|1,+〉+g

|2,−〉−√

2g

|2,+〉+√

2g` |n,−〉−

√ng

|n,+〉+√

ng

6

6

ω0

ω0

Atom + Cavity

The Jaynes-Cummings Model

· Atom + Cavity

6

ωa

g

e

Atom

`6

6

ωc

ωc

|0〉

|1〉

|2〉

|n〉

Cavity field|0〉

|1,−〉−g|1,+〉+g

|2,−〉−√

2g

|2,+〉+√

2g` |n,−〉−

√ng

|n,+〉+√

ng

6

6

ω0

ω0

Atom + Cavity

The Jaynes-Cummings Model

· Atom + Cavity

6

ωa

g

e

Atom

`6

6

ωc

ωc

|0〉

|1〉

|2〉

|n〉

Cavity field|0〉

|1,−〉−g|1,+〉+g

|2,−〉−√

2g

|2,+〉+√

2g` |n,−〉−

√ng

|n,+〉+√

ng

6

6

ω0

ω0

Atom + Cavity

The Jaynes-Cummings Model

· Atom + Cavity

ωn+1,± = nωc + 12 (ωa + ωc)

± 12

√4g2(n + 1) + (ωa − ωc)2

6

ωa

e

g

Atom

`6

6

ωc

ωc

|0〉

|1〉

|2〉

|n〉

Cavity field|0〉

|1,−〉−g|1,+〉+g

|2,−〉−√

2g

|2,+〉+√

2g` |n,−〉−

√ng

|n,+〉+√

ng

6

6

ω0

ω0

Atom + Cavity

The Jaynes-Cummings Model

· Atom + Cavity

ωn+1,± = nωc + 12 (ωa + ωc)

± 12

√4g2(n + 1) + (ωa − ωc)2

6

ωa

e

g

Atom

`6

6

ωc

ωc

|0〉

|1〉

|2〉

|n〉

Cavity field|0〉

|1,−〉−g|1,+〉+g

|2,−〉−√

2g

|2,+〉+√

2g` |n,−〉−

√ng

|n,+〉+√

ng

6

6

ω0

ω0

Atom + Cavity

Introduction

Normal-mode spectroscopy of a Single-Bound-Atom-Cavity System

Nonlinear spectroscopy of photons bound to one atom

Photon blockade

Summary

Normal-mode spectroscopy of a Single-Bound-Atom-Cavity SystemExperimental setup and Theory

P.Maunz, MPQ, Garching

I. Schuster, MPQ, Garching

Normal-mode spectroscopy of a Single-Bound-Atom-Cavity SystemExperimental setup and Theory

P.Maunz, MPQ, Garching

I. Schuster, MPQ, Garching

Normal-mode spectroscopy of a Single-Bound-Atom-Cavity SystemExperimental setup and Theory

P.Maunz, MPQ, Garching

I. Schuster, MPQ, Garching

Normal-mode spectroscopy of a Single-Bound-Atom-Cavity SystemResults

· Stark shift ⇒ asymmetricnormal modes· P = 280nW no atom-cavity

detuning

P.Maunz, MPQ, Garching

|1,+〉

P.Maunz, MPQ, Garching

-� 2g

Normal-mode spectroscopy of a Single-Bound-Atom-Cavity SystemResults

· Stark shift ⇒ asymmetricnormal modes· P = 280nW no atom-cavity

detuning

P.Maunz, MPQ, Garching

|1,+〉

P.Maunz, MPQ, Garching

-� 2g

Normal-mode spectroscopy of a Single-Bound-Atom-Cavity SystemResults

· Stark shift ⇒ asymmetricnormal modes· P = 280nW no atom-cavity

detuning

P.Maunz, MPQ, Garching

|1,+〉

P.Maunz, MPQ, Garching

-� 2g

Introduction

Normal-mode spectroscopy of a Single-Bound-Atom-Cavity System

Nonlinear spectroscopy of photons bound to one atom

Photon blockade

Summary

Nonlinear spectroscopy of photons bound to one atom

I. Schuster, MPQ, Garching

· Idea: adressing higher excitedstates.· two exciting photons needed

I. Schuster, MPQ, Garching

· Two different detuning axis

Nonlinear spectroscopy of photons bound to one atomResults 1

· |2,−〉 level small resonance in the transmition spectrum· red-dashed line: single photon transition

I. Schuster, MPQ, Garching

Nonlinear spectroscopy of photons bound to one atomResults 2

I. Schuster, MPQ, Garching

· Only |2,−〉 and |3,−〉 levels· red-dashed line: single

photon transition

I. Schuster, MPQ, Garching

Introduction

Normal-mode spectroscopy of a Single-Bound-Atom-Cavity System

Nonlinear spectroscopy of photons bound to one atom

Photon blockade

Summary

Photon blockade in an optical cavity with one trapped atomTheory

|0〉

��|1,+〉

@@ |1,−〉

��

|2,+〉

AA |2,−〉

6ωp

6ωp

6

ω0

6

ω0

?g

?

√2g

Atom-cavity level diagram

· Idea: using the |1,−〉 level

· subpoissonian photon statistic· Photon blockade (anti-bunching)

K. M. Birnbaum, California Institute of Technology, USA

Photon blockade in an optical cavity with one trapped atomTheory

|0〉

��|1,+〉

@@ |1,−〉

��

|2,+〉

AA |2,−〉

6ωp

6ωp

6

ω0

6

ω0

?g

?

√2g

Atom-cavity level diagram

· Idea: using the |1,−〉 level· subpoissonian photon statistic· Photon blockade (anti-bunching)

K. M. Birnbaum, California Institute of Technology, USA

Photon blockade in an optical cavity with one trapped atomTheory

|0〉

��|1,+〉

@@ |1,−〉

��

|2,+〉

AA |2,−〉

6ωp

6ωp

6

ω0

6

ω0

?g

?

√2g

Atom-cavity level diagram

· Idea: using the |1,−〉 level· subpoissonian photon statistic· Photon blockade (anti-bunching)

K. M. Birnbaum, California Institute of Technology, USA

Photon blockade in an optical cavity with one trapped atomResults

K. M. Birnbaum, California Institute of Technology, USA

· anti-bunching, g(2)(0) ' 0.13· Photon-photon interaction· relaxation time: τ ' 45 ns.

Summary

· Spectroscopy of the normal modes of a single atom in a cavity

· Multi-photon nonlinear spectroscopy of an atom coupled to acavity

· Photon blockade with one single atom in an optical cavity

Summary

· Spectroscopy of the normal modes of a single atom in a cavity

· Multi-photon nonlinear spectroscopy of an atom coupled to acavity

· Photon blockade with one single atom in an optical cavity

Summary

· Spectroscopy of the normal modes of a single atom in a cavity

· Multi-photon nonlinear spectroscopy of an atom coupled to acavity

· Photon blockade with one single atom in an optical cavity

Summary

· Spectroscopy of the normal modes of a single atom in a cavity

· Multi-photon nonlinear spectroscopy of an atom coupled to acavity

· Photon blockade with one single atom in an optical cavity

Summary

· Spectroscopy of the normal modes of a single atom in a cavity

· Multi-photon nonlinear spectroscopy of an atom coupled to acavity

· Photon blockade with one single atom in an optical cavity

Thank you for your attention

Literature

Birnbaum K.M., Boca A., Miller R., Boozer A. D., Northup T. E., andKimble H. J.Photon blockade in an optical cavity with one trapped atom.Technical Report Nature 436, 87-90 (7 July 2005), California Institute ofTechnology, California, 2005.

P. Maunz, T. Puppe, I. Schuster, N. Syassen, P.W.H. Pinkse, andG. Rempe.Normal-mode spectroscopy of a single-bound-atom-cavity system.Technical Report PhysRevLett 94, January 2005, Max-Planck-Institut furQuantenoptik, Garching, Germany, 2005.

I. Schuster, A. Kubanek, A. Fuhrmanek, T. Puppe, P. W. H. Pinkse,K. Murr, and G. Rempe.Nonlinear spectroscopy of photons bound to one atom.Technical Report Nature physics, VOL 4, May 2008, Max-Planck-Institutfur Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany, 2008.

Ingrid Schuster.Nonlinear spectroscopy of a single-atom-cavity system.PhD thesis, Technische Universitat Munchen, 2008.