Cataloging Sound Recordings with RDA

Credits:

Sound Recordings Cataloging Workshop / Jay Weitz (Online Audiovisual Catalogers Conference 2012)

RDA Basics: Sound Recordings /Kathy Glennan (2011)

RDA: Special Formats Training / Jim Soe Nyun (UC San Diego) (2013)

Best Practices for Music Cataloging using RDA and MARC 21 (Feb. 2013 Draft) / Music Library Association

Sound Recordings: Type Code

Type j: Musical Sound RecordingType i: Nonmusical Sound Recording– Nonmusical sounds (e.g., speech)– Sound effects– Bird calls and animal sounds– Physical exercise recordings (e.g., aerobic workouts) that

consist of spoken, SHOUTED, sung or chanted instructions over musical accompaniment

– Stories read over incidental music accompaniment– Plays with incidental music

Preferred Source of Information

2.2.2.4 Other Resources..use as the preferred source, as applicable:Eithera) a label with a title that is permanently printed on or affixed to the resource (e.g., a label on an audio CD, or a model); this instruction does not apply to labels on accompanying textual material or a container orb) embedded metadata in textual form that contains a title (e.g., metadata embedded in an MP3 audio file).

Title

• Transcribe the title as it appears on the source of information

• Make a note on the source from which the title proper is taken if it is not one of these sources:– Title page, etc.– Title frame or title screen of a resource consisting

of moving images• In other words, always give a source of title note

Example

Statement of Responsibility

“A creator is a person, family, or corporate body responsible for the creation of a work.”

Performers are no longer considered creators.

Sound Recordings: Dates

Dates of first commercial availability (publication) of some of the major audio media:– LP discs: 1948– Pre-recorded reel-to-reel audio tapes: 1954– Pre-recorded audio cassettes: 1965– Audio compact discs: 1982– Streaming audio: 1999– DVD-Audio discs: 2000– Playaway devices: 2005

Sound Recordings: Dates

• Dates earlier than those on the previous slide cannot be a proper date of publication for that audio medium

• Earlier dates may represent such bibliographic events as date of sound capture, release date in a different audio medium, etc.

Sound Recordings: Dates

Different Bibliographic “Events”– Original capture– Release as a recording– Release in a new recording medium– Copyrights of design or accompanying material

Sound Recordings: Dates

• Copyright date – date associated with a claim of protection under copyright or a similar regime.

• Copyright dates include phonogram dates℗1983phonogram 1993

Extent for Physical Items

• AACR2 = “sound disc”• RDA = “audio disc”

1 audio disc• RDA option – use term preferred by the cataloging

agency1 compact disc OR 1 CD

• For online audio resources1 online resource (1 audio file)

Sound Characteristics

• Type of recording• Recording medium• Playing speed• Groove characteristic• Track configuration• Tape configuration• Configuration of playback channels• Special playback characteristics

Sound Characteristics

Type of Recording:– Analog– Digital

Recording Medium: the type of medium used to record sound on an audio carrier– Magnetic– optical

Sound Characteristics

Playing speed: speed at which an audio carrier must be operated to produce the sound intended– 33 1/3 rpm– 78 rpm– 44 rpm

For a digital disc, record the playing speed in metres per second (m/s)– 1.4 m/s

Sound Characteristics

• For an analog tape, record the playing speed in centimetres per second (cm/s)– 4.75 cm/s

• Alternative: for an analog tape, record the playing speed in inches per second (ips)

• For an online sound file (e.g., streaming audio), record the transmission speed if it can be readily ascertainable. Record the speed in kilobytes per second (kbps)– 32 kbps

Sound Characteristics

Groove characteristic: the groove width of an analog disc or the groove pitch of an analog cylinder

Analog disc:– Coarse groove– Microgroove

Analog cylinder:– Fine– Standard

Sound Characteristics

Track configuration: record the track configuration for sound-track films– Centre track– Edge track

Tape configuration: the number of tracks on an audiotape – 8 track

Sound Characteristics

Configuration of Playback ChannelsThe number of sound channels used to make a recording

monostereoquadraphonicsurround

Sound Characteristics

Special playback characteristicsAn equalization system, noise reduction system, etc. used in making an audio recording

DolbyCCIR standardCX encoded

Digital File Characteristics

Encoding format – a schema, standard, etc. used to encode the digital content of a resource. Audio encoding formats:

CD audioDAISYDVD audioMP3RealAudioSACDWAV

Content Types

“categorization reflecting the fundamental form of communication in which the content is expressed and the human sense through which it is intended to be perceived.”

– Performed music– Sounds– Spoken word

Carrier Types

Audio cartridge– A cartridge containing an audio tape

Audio cylinder– A roller-shaped object on which sound waves are incised or indented in a continuous circular groove. Includes wax cylinders, wire cylinders, etc.

Carrier Types

Audio disc– A disc on which sound

waves, recorded as modulations, pulses, etc., are incised or indented in a continuous spiral groove

Carrier Types

Audio Roll– A roll of paper on which musical notes are

presented by perforations, designed to mechanically reproduce the music when used in a player piano, player organ, etc. Includes piano rolls, etc.

Carrier Types

Online resource (audio file) – Electronic audio resources

Sound Track Reel– An open reel holding a length of film on which sound is recorded

Identifier for the Manifestation

MLA recommendation: If feasible, record all standard identifiers present on the item:– ISMN– UPC– EAN– Issue number– Matrix number

Authorized Access Point for a Musical Work

Make additions to the preferred title as necessary:• Medium of performance• Key• Numeric designation • Other distinguishing characteristic