car makers find ways to make cheaper hybrids

Car Makers Find Ways to Make

Cheaper Hybrids

Hussein Basma

201203464

202/17/2015 Hybrid Cars

Brief Overview about Hybrid Cars and Their Benefits

The High Costs of Hybrid Cars

Projection on The Lebanese Cars Market

Approaches by Car Companies to Reduce This High Cost

Comment Blog

Why Not Benz?

Conclusion

• Approach Taken by Hyundai

• Approach Taken by Toyota

• Approach Taken by Ford

Outline

02/17/2015 Hybrid Cars 3

Brief Overview about Hybrid Cars

and Their Benefits

• A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle

that uses two or more distinct

power sources to move the

vehicle.

• The Term hybrid

Vehicle mainly refers to

hybrid electric Vehicle.

• Hybrid cars are

environmentally friendly

because they use less fuel

than conventional cars.


The High Cost of Hybrid Cars

• The problem in Hybrid cars is their

high cost relative to equivalent

conventional cars. Hybrid cars costs

as an average $6000 more than

equivalent fuel cars. [1]


Projection on The Lebanese Market

• A car that costs $26000 in the U.S

is going to cost the Lebanese

Market $62000 after Taxes and

registration fees and this is a very

high cost. [2]

Initial Cost

Cost After Import Taxes and Tariffs

Cost After Registration Fees

Cost $$

$$

$$$

$$$$


Approaches by Car Companies to Reduce This High Cost

Approach Taken by Hyundai

• Hyundai introduced the idea

of two parallel Automatic

clutch systems which

consists of a gas engine and

an electric motor. [3]

Electric

Motor

IC

Engine

Highways Traffic


Approach Taken by Hyundai

• No need for powerful

electric motors because

we need to generate only

moderate power and thus

the cost decreases . [3]

• 30% decrease in the total

cost of hybrid car

produced by Hyundai. [3]

Series Clutch System

Parallel Clutch System

Series-Parallel Combined Clutch System

Sonata 2011


Approach Taken by Toyota

• Shifting their electrical systems

from 500V to 650V. (Less

Copper, less transistors) [1]

• Using flat cells rather than

cylindrical ones which

saves space and improves

the cooling process of the

Battery. [1]

Flat Cells

Cylindrical Cells

Less Connections

Less Copper

Less Transistors


Approach Taken by Toyota

This whole study was adopted by the ASME

in 2014 and significant improvements were

achieved in terms of batteries efficiency. The

results were 14% improvement in efficiency

and 5% reduction in cost. [7]


Approach Taken by Ford

• The reason behind such a

high cost is the number

of components such an

industry needs. [4]

• Complete Hybrid Model with

every single component of this

model being manufactured at

Ford. [4]

Complete Hybrid Model

at Ford

Battery Systems

Control Engines

Software Development


Approach Taken by Ford

• Lowering the amount of

dysprosium used to the half

and improving their HVAC

units. [4]

• Dysprosium is the most

expensive and rare earth

metal used in the

manufacturing of

Batteries. [4]

• Their statistics show

that in 2020 25% of

their total sales will

be Hybrid cars. [4]


Comments Blog

“such systems rely heavily on batteries and eventually batteries have

low life cycles compared to engines”

New batteries that have a life span from 12 to 15 years in regular

climate conditions and 8 to 12 years life span in extreme climate

conditions. [5]


Comments Blog

What Does a 15-year Battery Represent ?

• Batteries can compete powerfully against IC

engines in the lifespan struggle. [5]


Why Not Benz?

• Benz had always been the

leading company in automotive

technology. Why it is not in

hybrid cars technology?

• The high cost of a

conventional Benz car is a

reason.

S-400 2014

$57000 for

conventional s-400 fuel

car

VS

$68000 for hybrid s-400

car


Conclusion

The high cost of Hybrid cars prevents our cars market from

being hybrid oriented

Technological ways to reduce this high cost

Hyundai developed automatic parallel clutch system

Toyota modified the battery cells used

Ford went through logistic changes and modified the

internal composition of their batteries

Hybrid cars batteries have a good lifespan compared to IC

Engines


Backup Slide : Comment Blog;

Theoretical Studies behind hybrid

Cars Technology

“ This field Lacks Theory !!!! ”

ASME reveals that the theoretic research

behind this topic is as much as the technical

one. A lot of theory is inducted especially

optimization theories and mathematical

models for dynamic systems and control

systems. [6]E

fficiency


References

[1] Kevin Bullis. (October, 1, 2012). Car Makers Find Ways to Make Cheaper Hybrids.

Retrieved, February, 7, 2015, from

http://www.technologyreview.com/news/429266/carmakers-find-ways-to-make-cheaper-

hybrids/

[2] Charbel Mansour. (January, 27, 2015). The Car of the Future is all about Energy Efficiency. Retrieved, February, 12, 2015, from

http://www.lau.edu.lb/news-events/news/archive/the_car_of_the_future_is_all_a/

[3] Earth Easy. (May, 9, 2011). New Technology to lower the Cost of Hybrid Cars. Retrieved, February, 12, 2015, from

http://eartheasy.com/blog/2011/05/new-technology-to-lower-the-cost-of-

hybrid-cars/

[4] Brad Berman. (April, 25, 2011). Ford Implements Strategies to Lower Costs of Hybrid. Retrieved, February 12, 2015, from

http://www.hybridcars.com/ford-implements-strategies-lower-cost-hybrids-

29785/

[5] Alternative Fuels Data Center. (2014). Benefits and Considerations of Electricity as Vehicle Fuel. Retrieved, February, 12, 2015, from

http://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity_benefits.html

[6] Pei, D. Lemy, M. (September 2013). Dynamic Programming-InformedEquivalent Cost Minimization Control Strategies for Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, 135. (051013-2), P.

3-5

[7] Hamut, H. DIncer, I. Natarer, G. (March 2014). Experimental and Theoretical Efficiency

Investigation of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Thermal Management Systems, 136. (011202-1), P. 2-7

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