calculation fatin (exp 2)

FACULTY: ENNGINEERING TECHNOLOGYEDITION:

LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS TRANSFERREVISION NO:

EXPERIMENT: UNSTEADY-STATE HEAT TRANSFER UNITEFFECTIVE DATE:18/2/2013

AMENDMENT DATE:

5.0 CALCULATION & ANALYSIS Part 1: Unsteady State Condition of The Heat To The Center Of A Solid ShapeSpecimen 1: 30mm diameter brass cylinderTime(s)Bath Temperature, T1(Air / Water Temperature, T2(Specimens Temperature, T3(

060.458.037.0

1060.558.042.6

2060.558.148.2

3060.558.049.7

4060.558.051.2

5060.558.051.2

6060.458.252.1

7060.458.353.4

8060.358.153.9

9060.358.254.7

10060.358.155.1

11060.358.355.5

12060.358.255.7

13060.358.355.9

14060.358.156.2

15060.358.156.3

16060.358.256.5

17060.358.156.6

18060.358.156.7

19060.358.156.8

20060.358.156.8

21060.258.156.8

Specimen 2: 30mm diameter stainless steel cylinderTime(s)Bath Temperature, T1(Air / Water Temperature, T2(Specimens Temperature, T3(

056.957.050.4

1060.157.453.0

2060.157.453.0

3060.157.453.8

4060.057.554.0

5060.057.554.6

6060.057.654.8

7060.057.655.2

8060.057.655.6

9060.057.655.8

10060.057.756.1

11060.057.756.3

12060.057.756.5

13060.057.856.6

14060.057.856.8

15060.057.856.9

16060.057.857.0

17060.057.857.3

18060.057.857.3

19060.057.857.4

20060.057.857.4

21060.057.857.4

Part 2: Determination of Thermal Conductivity Using Analytical Transient Temperature Heat Flow ChartSpecimen 1: 30mm diameter stainless steel cylinderTime (s)Bath Temp, T1 (C)Air / Water Temp, T2 (C)Specimen's Temp, T3 (C)Non-dimensional Temperature, Fourier Number, FoInverse Biot Number, 1/BiHeat transfer coeffiient, h (W/m2 K)

060.258.139.01.0000---

1060.158.145.40.69671.080921466.67

2060.158.147.60.59242.16181.61833.33

3060.158.149.20.51663.24272.51173.33

4060.158.150.50.45504.32369325.93

5060.158.251.60.40285.404410293.33

6060.158.152.60.35556.48539325.93

7060.158.253.30.32237.566212244.44

8060.158.253.90.29388.647111266.67

9060.158.254.40.27019.728016183.33

10060.158.154.80.251210.808911266.67

12060.158.155.10.237012.970716183.33

13060.058.055.40.219014.051617172.55

14060.058.155.60.209515.132418162.96

15060.058.155.80.200016.213319154.39

16060.058.155.90.195217.294220146.67

17059.958.156.10.181818.375121139.68

18059.958.156.20.177019.456022133.33

19059.958.156.30.172220.536923127.54

20059.958.156.40.167521.617824122.22

21059.958.156.40.167522.698725117.33

22059.958.156.50.162723.779626112.82

23059.958.056.50.162724.860427108.64

24059.958.156.60.157925.941328104.76

25059.958.156.60.157927.022229101.15

26059.958.156.70.153128.10313097.78

27059.958.156.70.153129.18403194.62

28059.858.156.70.149030.26493097.78

29059.858.056.80.144231.34583194.62

30059.858.056.80.144232.42673291.67

31059.858.056.80.144233.50763388.89

32059.858.056.80.144234.58843486.27

33059.858.056.90.139435.66933583.81

34059.858.256.90.139436.75023681.48

35059.858.556.90.139437.83113779.28

36060.158.756.90.151738.91203877.19

38060.458.756.90.163641.07384269.84

Sample Calculations:Given:thermal conductivity of stainless steel (theoretical value), k = 22 W/m Kdensity of stainless steel, = 7849 kg/m3heat capacity of stainless steel, Cp = 461 J/kg Kradius, r = 0.015 mx1 = 0.0075 m

Sample calculation 1: For time = 50 s = (Tc - T) / (Ti T) = (51.6-60) / (39-60) = 0.4028 = k / Cp = 22 / (7849 x 461) = 6.08 x 10-6 Wm2/JFo = t / x12 = (6.08 x 10-6)(50) / 0.00752 = 5.4044

According to the value of and Fo from Heisler Chart , We obtain the inverse Biot number as1 / Bi = 10Bi = hx1 / kh = Bi k / x1 = (1/10) (22) / 0.0075 = 293.33 W/m2k

Sample calculation 2: For time = 100 s = (Tc - T) / (Ti T) = (54.8-60) / (39-60) = 0.2512 = k / Cp= 22 / (7849 x 461) = 6.08 x 10-6 Wm2/J Fo = t / x2 = (6.08 x 10-6)(100) / 0.00752 = 10.8089According to the value of and Fo from Heisler Chart , We obtain the inverse Biot number as1 / Bi = 11Bi = hx1 / kh = Bi k / x1 = (1/11) (22) / 0.0075 = 266.67 W/m2k

Sample calculation 3: For time = 150 s = (Tc - T) / (Ti T) = (55.8-60) / (39-60) = 0.2000 = k / Cp = 22 / 7849(461) = 6.08 x 10-6 Wm2/J Fo = t / x2 = (6.08 x 10-6)(150) / 0.00752 = 16.2133 Wm2/JAccording to the value of and Fo from Heisler Chart , We obtain the inverse Biot number as1 / Bi = 19Bi = hx1 / kh = Bi k / x1 = (1/19) (22) / 0.0075 = 154.39 W/m2k

Each reading can be calculated for heat transfer coefficient value (h). From here we can get the average heat transfer coefficient of stainless steel cylinder, havg = 251.63 W/m2k.

Specimen 2: 30mm diameter brass cylinderTime (s)Bath Temp, T1 (C)Air / Water Temp, T2 (C)Specimen's Temp, T3 (C)Non-dimensional Temperature, Fourier Number, FoInverse Biot Number, 1/BiThermal conductivity, k(W/m K)

059.958.146.21.0000---

1059.157.952.90.48065.93781718.70

2059.857.655.00.352911.87562325.30

3059.957.655.10.350417.81333033.00

4059.957.655.50.321223.75113740.70

5059.857.855.80.294129.68894347.30

6059.857.756.10.272135.62675055.00

7059.857.756.30.257441.56445661.60

8059.857.856.50.242647.50226268.20

9059.857.856.60.235353.44006874.80

10059.857.856.80.220659.37787279.20

12059.857.856.90.213271.25338492.40

13059.858.457.00.205977.19119099.00

14059.858.857.00.205983.128996105.60

15060.158.957.10.215889.0667--

16060.358.957.20.219995.0044--

17060.458.757.30.2183100.9422--

18060.458.757.40.2113106.8800--

19060.558.757.50.2098112.8178--

20060.458.857.50.2042118.7556--

21060.558.757.60.2028124.6933--

22060.458.657.60.1972130.6311--

23060.458.657.60.1972136.5689--

24060.458.657.70.1901142.5067--

25060.458.657.70.1901148.4444--

26060.458.557.70.1901154.3822--

27060.458.657.70.1901160.3200--

28060.458.557.80.1831166.2578--

29060.458.557.80.1831172.1956--

30060.358.557.80.1773178.1333--

31060.358.557.80.1773184.0711--

32060.358.557.80.1773190.0089--

33060.358.557.80.1773195.9467--

34060.358.557.80.1773201.8844--

Sample Calculation:Given:Heat transfer coefficient, havg = 146.67 W/m2k (same with havg of stainless steel due to immersed in the water bath with same velocity)density of brass, = 8520 kg/m3heat capacity of brass, Cp = 380 J/kg Kradius, r = 0.015 mx1 = 0.0075 m

Sample calculation 1: For time = 50 s = (Tc - T) / (Ti T) = (55.8 59.8) / (46.2 59.8) =0.2941 = k / Cp= 22 / (7849 x 461) = 3.34 x 10-5 Wm2/JFo = t / x2 = (3.34 x 10-5)(50) / 0.00752 = 29.6889According to the value of and Fo from Heisler Chart , We obtain the inverse Biot number as1 / Bi = 43Bi = hx1 / kk = x1h / Bi = (0.0075) (146.67) /(1/43) = 47.30 W/m2k

Sample calculation 2: For time = 100 s = (Tc - T) / (Ti T) = (56.8 59.8) / (46.2 59.8) = 0.2206 = k / Cp= 22 / (7849 x 461) = 3.34 x 10-5 Wm2/JFo = t / x2 = (3.34 x 10-5)(100) / 0.00752 = 59.3778 According to the value of and Fo from Heisler Chart , We obtain the inverse Biot number as1 / Bi = 96Bi = hx1 / kk = x1 k / Bi = (0.0075)(146.67)/(1/96) = 79.20 W/m2k

Sample calculation 3: For time = 140 s = (Tc - T) / (Ti T) = (57.0 59.8) / (46.2 59.8) = 0.2059 = k / Cp= 22 / (7849 x 461) = 3.34 x 10-5 Wm2/JFo = t / x2 = (3.34 x 10-5)(140) / 0.00752 = 83.1289According to the value of and Fo from Heisler Chart , We obtain the inverse Biot number as1 / Bi = 70Bi = hx1 / kk = x1 k / Bi = (0.0075)(146.67)/(1/70) = 105.60 W/m2k

Each reading can be calculated for brass cylinder thermal conductivity (k). From here we can get the average thermal conductivity of brass cylinder, k = 50.05 W/m k.

Part 3: Effect of Size, Shape and Material Properties on Unsteady State Heat FlowSpecimen 1: 20mm thick brass slabTime (s)Bath temp, T1 (C)Air/ Water Temp, T2 (C)Specimens Temp, T3 (C)Non-dimensional Temp, (C)Inverse Biot Number, 1/BiFourier Number, FoTheoretical Time Taken (s)

060.158.152.21.0000---

1060.158.154.00.772298.1869.49

2060.158.054.40.721598.181118.97

3060.158.054.80.670998.181728.46

4060.158.054.90.658298.182337.95

5060.058.055.10.628298.182847.44

6060.058.055.30.602698.183456.92

7060.058.055.50.576998.183966.41

8060.058.055.60.564198.184575.90

9060.058.055.70.551398.185185.39

10060.058.155.90.525698.185694.87

12060.058.055.90.525698.1868113.85

13060.058.056.00.512898.1873123.33

14060.058.056.10.500098.1879132.82

15060.058.056.20.487298.1884142.31

16060.058.056.20.487298.1890151.80

17059.958.056.30.467598.1896161.28

18059.958.056.40.454598.18101170.77

19059.958.156.40.454598.18107180.26

20059.958.156.50.441698.18113189.75

21059.958.156.50.441698.18118199.23

22059.958.156.60.428698.18124208.72

23059.858.056.60.421198.18130218.21

24059.858.056.70.407998.18135227.69

25059.858.056.70.407998.18141237.18

26059.858.056.70.407998.18146246.67

27059.858.656.80.394798.18152256.16

28059.858.556.80.394798.18158265.64

29060.258.856.90.412598.18163275.13

30060.459.057.00.414698.18169284.62

31060.658.957.00.428698.18175294.11

32060.658.957.10.416798.18180303.59

33060.558.857.10.409698.18186313.08

34060.558.857.10.409698.18192322.57

35060.558.857.20.397698.18197332.05

36060.558.757.20.397698.18203341.54

37060.558.757.20.397698.18208351.03

38060.458.657.20.390298.18214360.52

39060.458.657.30.378098.18220370.00

40060.458.657.30.378098.18225379.49

41060.458.657.30.378098.18231388.98

42060.458.657.30.378098.18237398.47

43060.458.657.30.378098.18242407.95

Sample calculation: From Part 2, we obtained the value of havg = 146.67 W/m2 Kthermal conductivity of brass (theoretical value), k = 108 W/m Kdensity of brass, = 8520 kg/m3heat capacity of brass, Cp = 380 J/kg Kx1 = 0.0075 m

havg = 146.67 W/m2k 1/Bi = k / hx1 = 108 / 146.67(0.0075) = 98.18 = k / Cp= 108 / 8520(380)= 3.34 x 10-5 Wm2/J

Sample calculation 1: For time 50 s = (Tc - T) / (Ti T) = (55.1-60.0) / (52.2-60.0) = 0.6282

According to the value of and Bi from Heisler Chart , we obtain Fo = 28 Fo = t / x2t = Fox2 / = 28(0.00752) / (3.34 x 10-5) = 47.44 s

Sample calculation 2: For time 100 s = (Tc - T) / (Ti T) = (55.9 - 60)/ (52.2 - 60) = 0.5256

According to the value of and Bi from Heisler Chart , we obtain Fo = 56Fo = t / x2t = Fox2 / = 56 (0.00752) / (3.34 x 10-5) = 94.87 s

Sample calculation 3: For time 150 s = (Tc - T) / (Ti T) = (56.2-60.0) / (52.2-60.0) = 0.4872


Specimen 2: 20mm thick stainless steel slabTime (s)Bath temp, T1 (C)Air/ Water Temp, T2 (C)Specimens Temp, T3 (C)Non-dimensional Temp, (C)Inverse Biot Number, 1/BiFourier Number, FoTheoretical Time Taken (s)

060.258.137.41.0000---

1060.258.343.80.719319.4819.49

2060.258.545.60.640419.48218.97

3060.258.447.20.570219.48328.46

4060.158.448.70.502219.48437.95

5060.158.349.80.453719.48547.44

6060.158.250.60.418519.48656.92

7060.158.351.30.387719.48766.41

8060.158.352.00.356819.48875.90

9060.158.352.60.330419.48985.39

10060.158.353.00.312819.481094.87

12060.158.353.40.295219.4812113.85

13060.058.353.70.278819.4813123.33

14060.058.354.00.265519.4814132.82

15060.058.254.20.256619.4815142.31

16060.058.254.50.243419.4816151.80

17060.058.354.60.238919.4817161.28

18059.958.254.80.226719.4818170.77

19059.958.254.90.222219.4819180.26

20059.958.255.10.213319.4821189.75

21059.958.255.20.208919.4822199.23

22059.958.255.30.204419.4823208.72

23059.958.255.40.200019.4824218.21

24059.958.255.50.195619.4825227.69

25059.858.255.60.187519.4826237.18

26059.858.255.70.183019.4827246.67

27059.858.255.70.183019.4828256.16

28059.858.155.80.178619.4829265.64

29059.858.155.90.174119.4830275.13

30059.858.155.90.174119.4831284.62

31059.858.156.00.169619.4832294.11

32059.958.756.10.168919.4833303.59

33060.058.756.10.172619.4834313.08

34060.259.056.10.179819.4835322.57

35060.559.056.20.186119.4836332.05

36060.559.056.20.186119.4837341.54

37060.659.056.20.189719.4838351.03

38060.558.956.30.181819.4839360.52

39060.558.856.30.181819.4840370.00

40060.558.756.40.177519.4841379.49

42060.558.756.40.177519.4843398.47

43060.558.756.50.173219.4844407.95

44060.458.856.60.165219.4845417.44

45060.458.756.60.165219.4846426.93

46060.458.756.70.160919.4847436.41

48060.458.756.70.160919.4849455.39

50060.458.756.70.160919.4851474.36

From Part 2, we obtained the value of havg = 146.67 W/m2 Kthermal conductivity of stainless steel (theoretical value), k = 22 W/m Kdensity of stainless steel, = 7849 kg/m3heat capacity of stainless steel, Cp = 461 J/kg Kx1 = 0.0077 m


Sample calculation 1: For time 50 s = (Tc - T) / (Ti T) = (49.8 - 60.1) / (37.4 - 60.1) = 0.4537

According to the value of and Bi from Heisler Chart , we obtain Fo = 5Fo = t / x2t = Fox2 / = 5(0.00772) / (6.08 x 10-6) = 47.44 s

Sample calculation 2: For time 100 s = (Tc - T) / (Ti T) = (53.0 60.1)/ (37.4 60.1) = 0.3128


Sample calculation 3: For time 150 s = (Tc - T) / (Ti T) = (54.2 60.0) / (37.4-60.0) = 0.2566


Specimen 3: 45mm diameter brass sphereTime (s)Bath temp, T1 (C)Air/ Water Temp, T2 (C)Specimens Temp, T3 (C)Non-dimensional Temp, (C)Inverse Biot Number, 1/BiFourier Number, FoTheoretical Time Taken (s)

060.258.236.11.0000---

1060.258.244.50.651598.18610.54

2060.258.247.00.547798.181221.08

3060.258.249.60.439898.181831.62

4060.258.251.30.369398.182442.16

5060.158.252.80.304298.183052.70

6060.158.253.60.270898.183663.24

7060.158.254.30.241798.184273.78

8060.158.354.90.216798.184884.32

9060.158.355.30.200098.185394.86

10060.158.355.70.183398.1859105.40

12060.158.355.90.175098.1871126.49

13060.158.356.10.166798.1877137.03

14060.158.356.30.158398.1883147.57

15060.158.356.50.150098.1889158.11

16060.058.256.60.142398.1895168.65

17060.058.256.70.138198.18101179.19

18060.058.256.80.133998.18107189.73

19060.058.256.90.129798.18113200.27

20060.058.257.00.125598.18119210.81

21060.058.257.00.125598.18125221.35

22060.058.357.10.121398.18131231.89

23060.058.357.10.121398.18137242.43

24059.958.257.20.113498.18143252.97

25059.958.257.20.113498.18148263.51

26059.958.257.20.113498.18154274.05

Sample calculation: From Part 2, we obtained the value of havg = 146.67 W/m2 Kthermal conductivity of brass (theoretical value),k = 108 W/m Kdensity of brass, = 8520 kg/m3heat capacity of brass, Cp = 380 J/kg Kx1 = 0.0075 m


Sample calculation 1: For time 50 s = (Tc - T) / (Ti T) = (52.8 60.1) / (36.1 60.1) = 0.3042


Sample calculation 2: For time 100 s = (Tc - T) / (Ti T) = (55.7- 60.1) / (36.1 60.1) = 0.1833



According to the value of and Bi from Heisler Chart , we obtain Fo = 89Fo = t / x2t = Fox2 / =89 (0.00772) / (3.34 x 10-5) = 158.11 s

Specimen 4: 45mm diameter stainless steel sphereTime (s)Bath temp, T1 (C)Air/ Water Temp, T2 (C)Specimens Temp, T3 (C)Non-dimensional Temp, (C)Inverse Biot Number, 1/BiFourier Number, FoTheoretical Time Taken (s)

059.955.338.41.0000---

1059.857.946.20.635519.4811.82

2059.858.048.20.542119.4823.64

3059.858.049.80.467319.4835.46

4059.858.051.10.406519.4847.28

5059.858.052.20.355119.4859.10

6059.958.852.90.325619.48610.92

7060.058.753.60.296319.48712.74

8060.459.154.20.281819.48814.56

9060.659.054.70.265819.48916.38

10060.658.955.00.252319.481018.20

12060.558.955.30.235319.481221.84

13060.558.855.50.226219.481323.66

14060.558.855.70.217219.481425.49

15060.558.856.00.203619.481527.31

16060.458.456.10.195519.481629.13

17060.458.756.30.186419.481730.95

18060.458.656.40.181819.481832.77

19060.458.656.50.177319.481934.59

20060.458.656.60.172719.482136.41

21060.458.656.70.168219.482238.23

22060.458.656.80.163619.482340.05

23060.458.656.80.163619.482441.87

24060.358.656.90.155319.482543.69

25060.358.657.00.150719.482645.51

26060.358.657.00.150719.482747.33

27060.358.657.00.150719.482849.15

Sample calculation:From Part 2, we obtained the value of havg = 146.67 W/m2 Kthermal conductivity of stainless steel (theoretical value), k = 22 W/m Kdensity of stainless steel, = 7849 kg/m3heat capacity of stainless steel, Cp = 461 J/kg Kx1 = 0.0077 m








Part 4: Unsteady Heat Transfer Using Lumped Capacitance MethodSpecimen used: 30mm diameter brass cylinder (heating)Time(s)Air / Water Temperature, T2(Specimens (

052.246.2

1056.750.6

2057.351.4

3057.452.7

4057.153.9

5057.254.4

6057.355.2

7057.355.8

8057.356.2

9057.456.6

10057.457.0

12057.357.4

13057.457.5

14057.557.6

15057.657.6

16057.657.6

17057.657.7

18057.657.8

19057.657.8

20057.657.8

21057.657.8

Specimen used: 30mm diameter brass cylinder (cooling)Time(s)Air / Water Temperature, T2(Specimens Temperature, T3(

057.658.0

1041.156.2

2030.854.7

3029.054.3

4027.453.8

5026.253.4

6025.353.0

7024.652.6

8024.452.3

9025.052.0

10024.951.7

12024.351.4

13024.951.0

14024.650.9

15024.450.6

16024.350.3

17024.250.2

18024.550.0

19024.149.7

20023.849.5

21024.449.3

22024.349.1

23024.348.9

24023.848.6

25023.748.4

26023.748.3

27023.648.1

28023.547.9

29023.647.7

30024.147.5

31024.247.3

32024.447.1

33024.046.9

34023.946.8

35023.746.6

36023.746.5

37023.646.3

38023.746.2

39023.746.0

40023.545.8

41023.545.7

42023.545.5

43023.645.4

44023.645.2

45023.445.1

46023.444.9

47023.344.7

48023.344.6

49023.344.5

50023.344.3

51023.344.2

52023.344.0

53023.343.9

54023.343.8

55023.343.6

56023.343.5

57023.343.4

58023.343.1

59023.343.1

60023.343.0

61023.342.9

62023.242.8

63023.242.7

64023.242.6

65023.242.5

66023.442.3

67023.342.2

68023.442.1

69023.442.0

70023.341.9

71023.341.8

72023.441.6

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Given:Heat transfer coefficient, havg = 146.67 W/m2k density of brass, = 8520 kg/m3heat capacity of brass, Cp = 380 J/kg Kradius, r = 0.015 mV/A = x1 = 0.0075 m

Sample calculation:Time constant = CpV / hA = Cpx1 / h= (8520 x 380 x 0.0075) / (146.67)= 165.56 s

6.0DATA ANALYSISPart 1: Unsteady State Condition of the Heat to the centre of a Solid Shape

Graph 1: Graph of Specimens Temperature, T3 (C) versus Time (s)A graph of specimens temperature (T3) versus time is plotted as shown above. From the graph, when the time increases the specimens temperature increases. The specimen used here is brass cylinder and stainless steel cylinder and their initial temperature is 37.0 C and 50.4 C. The temperature of the brass cylinder and stainless steel cylinder increase, with the bath temperature as 60.4 C and 56.9 C initially. The temperature of the brass cylinder changes rapidly at the beginning, but rather slowly later on. It can be compared that the brass cylinder have a faster rate than that of stainless steel cylinder.

Part 2: Determination of Thermal Conductivity Using Analytical Transient Temperature Heat Flow ChartBased on the calculation in Part 2, we may analyse that the average heat transfer coefficient of brass cylinder and stainless steel have the same value, which are 251.63 W/m2k.From the value of heat transfer coefficient, we are able to evaluate the value of average thermal conductivity of brass, which is k = 50.05 W/m k.

Part 3: Effect of Size, Shape and Material Properties on Unsteady State Heat FlowSpecimen 1: 20mm thick brass slab

Graph 2: Graph of Temperature, T3 (C) versus Time Taken (s)A graph of temperature T3 versus time taken of both theoretical and experimental for 20mm thick brass slab is plotted. From this graph, we may analyse that the temperature shows an exponential curve for experimental time taken, while for the theoretical time taken, the temperature increase faster than and rapidly in exponential curve. Both line shows an increasing trend and then remain constant along a period of time.

Specimen 2: 20mm thick stainless steel slab

Graph 3: Graph of Temperature, T3 (C) versus Time Taken (s) For Stainless Steel SlabA graph of temperature T3 versus time taken of both theoretical and experimental for 20mm thick stainless steel slab is plotted. From this graph, we may analyse that the temperature shows an exponential curve for experimental time taken, while for the theoretical time taken, the temperature increase faster than and rapidly in exponential curve. Both line shows an increasing trend and then remain constant along a period of time.

Specimen 3: 45mm diameter brass sphere

Graph 4: Graph of Temperature, T3 (C) versus Time Taken (s) For Brass SphereA graph of temperature T3 versus time taken of both theoretical and experimental for 20mm thick stainless steel slab is plotted. From this graph, we may analyse that the temperature shows an exponential curve for experimental time taken, while for the theoretical time taken, the temperature increase faster than and rapidly in exponential curve. Both line shows an increasing trend and then remain constant along a period of time.

Specimen 4: 45mm diameter stainless steel sphere

Graph 5: Graph of Temperature, T3 (C) versus Time Taken (s) For Stainless Steel SphereA graph of temperature T3 versus time taken of both theoretical and experimental for 20mm thick stainless steel slab is plotted. From this graph, we may analyse that the temperature shows an exponential curve for experimental time taken, while for the theoretical time taken, the temperature increase faster than and rapidly in exponential curve. Both line shows an increasing trend and then remain constant along a period of time.

Part 4: Unsteady Heat Transfer Using Lumped Capacitance MethodSpecimen used: 30mm diameter brass cylinder

Graph 5: Graph of Recorded Temperature (C) versus Time Taken (s) A graph of recorded temperature versus time taken is plotted in this part. From the graph above, we may analyse that the temperature decreases with time, almost in linear form when the specimen is taken out from the equipment and is being cooled. The lowest temperature when the specimen to reach is 37.5 C.

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