cable sweep

7/29/2019 Cable Sweep

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Slide 1

Portable Cable-Sweeping andSpectrum Analysis for

Defense/Aerospace ApplicationsMarch 9th 2004

Aart Konynenberg, Marketing ManagerSireesha Mallipeddi, Product Marketing

Engineer


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Slide 2

Agenda

Introduction

Frequency spectrum

Transmission line system failure modes Cable/antenna system checks

FDR Technology

Site Master

Transmitter/Receiver failure modes

Spectrum Master

Applications

Training & Technical support Q&A


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Slide 3

Frequency Spectrum-Radar & ECM

BandsSite Master products frequency rangeSpectrum Master products frequency range


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Slide 4

Aircraft Electromagnetic spectrumSite Master products frequency range

Site Master products frequency range

Spectrum Master products frequency range

Spectrum Master products frequency range


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Slide 5

Transmission line system failures Introduction

Frequency spectrum

Transmission line system failure

modes Cable/antenna system checks

FDR Technology

Site Master


Spectrum Master

Applications


Cable problems

Connector problemsAntenna problems


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Slide 6

Cable Problems

Installation problems- Poor grounding

- Excessive bends

- Crimping, Crushing and Deforming

Routine Maintenance- Damaged/Dented Ground Shield

- Kinks in the cable

- Broken center conductor Weather

- Excessive Moisture like snow, rain

- Sea water

- Corrosion

Battle damage- Cable discontinuity- Bullet holes in the cable


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Slide 7

Connector problems

Mis-installation- Poor center pin contact- Low quality connectors

- Poor weather proofing- Loose connectors

Weather- Water ingress

- Corroded connectors- Extreme temperatures planelanding/cruising

Battle damage- Broken connectors

- Vibration caused by weapon firing


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Slide 8

Antenna Problems

Mis-installation- Shipping damage

- Out of Specification

Routine Maintenance- Storm damage

- Extreme temperatures

Battle damage- Bullet holes- Vibration caused by weapon firing


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Slide 9

Cable/antenna system checks

Introduction

Frequency spectrum


FDR Technology

Site Master

Transmitter/Receiver failure modes Spectrum Master

Applications


Cable/antennaproblems

SWR

Return LossCable LossDistance-to-fault


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Slide 10

Cable/Antenna problems

Excessive Reflections

- Poor impedance matching results in signal reflections

Measure VSWR and Return Loss

Reflection

mismatch

Reflection

mismatch

Reflection


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Slide 11

VSWR Measurement The ratio of maximum to minimum is VSWR

Signal Voltage

From Source = Vi

Reflected

Signal Voltage = Vr

ImpedanceNot Matched,Not 50 Ohms


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Slide 12

Return Loss Measurement

Ratio of reflected signal to the incident signal

Signal PowerFrom Source = Pi

Reflected Poweris Proportional toImpedance Mismatch

ImpedanceNot Matched,

Not 50 Ohms

Reflection Coefficient = = Pr / Pi

Pi

Pr


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Slide 13

Cable/Antenna problems

Excessive Insertion loss

- RF energy lost as heat and energy as the signal passes throughthe transmission line

Measure Cable Loss

Insertion Loss


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Slide 14

Cable Loss Measurement

Cable loss measures the insertion loss in thecable and antenna system

- cable loss is automaticallycalculated and displayed

- Can be displayedin dB/ft or dB/meter

-5.0

-4.5

-4.0

-3.5

-3.0

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Cable Loss1

Model: S332D Serial #: 00350066Date: 02/27/2004 Time: 11:28:19 Avg.CableLoss: 1.266dBResolution: 259 CAL:ON(COAX) CW: OFF

dB

Frequency (25.0 - 4000.0 MHz)


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Slide 15

FDR Technology

Introduction

Frequency spectrum


FDR Technology

Site Master


Spectrum Master

Applications


FDR

TDR

TDR vs FDRFDR Advantages


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Slide 16

Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR)

FDR is a transmission line fault isolation techniquewhich precisely identifies signal path degradation fortransmission lines

FDR Measurement Theory

- Sends a swept frequency input to the transmission

line/antenna- An inverse FFT is performed on the reflected signals

transforming the information into the time domain

- Then distance is calculated from this information knowing

the cable velocity


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Slide 17

Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)

Traditional Technique

- Uses DC pulses- Cannot detect small performance changes in the RF

frequencies

- Can detect only opens or shorts in the conductors


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Slide 18

DC Pulse versus Frequency Sweep

SourcesSpectral

Density

f1 f2

FDR

TDR

Less than 2% ofTDR source energyis in the RF bands

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0

Limit : -30.0

M1 M2

Distance-to-faultKINK

Model: S331D Serial #: 00350066 Prop.Vel:0.880Date: 02/20/2004 Time: 10:54:50 Ins.Loss:0.030dB/ftResolution: 517 CAL:ON(COAX) CW: OFF

dB

Distance (0.0 - 25.0 Feet)

M1: -27.58 dB @ 14.24 ft M2: -50.75 dB @ 23.01 ft

TDR FDR Anritsu S331D

TDR vs FDR


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Slide 19

Distance-To-Fault

Uses Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR)and inverse Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT)

Measures return lossof the cabling systemversus distance

- Precise location of potential

sources of failure are easilyidentified

- Repair persons can go right tothe point of failure without having

to guess where it is or whatcomponent caused the problem

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0

Limit : -27.0

M1

Distance-to-faultOPEN

Model: MT8212A Serial #: 00000007 Prop.Vel:0.880

Date: 02/10/2004 Time: 17:29:51 Ins.Loss:0.030dB/ftResolution: 259 FlexCAL:ON(COAX) CW: OFF

dB


M1: -2.76 dB @ 15.89 Feet


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Slide 20

TDR vs FDR - Loose connector

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0

Limit : -30.0

FAULT1

FAULT2

M1 M2 M3

Distance-to-faultFAULT1


dB


M1: -38 .49 dB @ .08 f t M2: -46 .02 dB @ 8 .53 f t M3 : -44 .44 dB @ 17.21 f t

TDR TDR- Loose Connector

FDR Anritsu S331D

Blue-

Loose connector

Green

DTF measurement


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Slide 21

Moisture at the center connector

Green-

Original

Blue Fault at connection

Red

Moisture at center

connection

TDR- Load at the end

Short

FDR Anritsu S331D

Moisture at the center connectorFault at the center connection

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0

Limit : -30.0

CC1

CC2

CC3

M1 M2 M3

Distance-to-faultCC1


dB


M1: -39.17 dB @ .08 ft M2: -46.74 dB @ 8.57 ft M3: -41.11 dB @ 17.21 ft


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Slide 22

Moisture at the end connector

Blue

Connector fault

Green

End connectordipped in water

Red

Moisture at end

connector

FDR Anritsu S331D

TDR- End connector fault End connector dipped in water Moisture at end connector

Short Short

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0

Limit : -30.0

EC1

EC2

EC3

M1 M2 M3

Distance-to-faultEC1


dB


M1: -3 9.17 d B @ .0 8 f t M2: -4 5.51 dB @ 8.57 ft M3: -3 9.58 d B @ 17.21 ft


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Slide 23

Kink in the cable

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 25.0

Limit : -30.0

M1 M2

Distance-to-faultKINK


dB


M1: -27.58 dB @ 14.24 ft M2: -50.75 dB @ 23.01 ft

FDR Anritsu S331D TDR

Kink


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Slide 24

FDR Advantages

FDR can locate small performance changes atRF frequencies

Can locate RF faults, not just open or short inthe transmission line

Can measure in the presence of RF interferencefrom near by transmitters

Eliminates Fix after Failure problem


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Slide 25

Site Master

Introduction

Frequency spectrum


FDR Technology

Site Master


Spectrum Master

Applications


Products & Features


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Slide 26

Site Master Product Structure

Site MasterProduct Structure

RF Site Master Wave Site Master

One-PortOne-Port

w/ Internal SPA CapabilityTwo-Port

Tower Mounted AmplifierOne-Port

S113C

2 MHz 1600 MHz

S114C2 MHz 1600MHz

100 kHz 1600 MHz

S251C

625 MHz 2500 MHz

S331D25 MHz 4000 MHz

S332D25 MHz 4000 MHz100 kHz 3000 MHz

S810C

3.3 10.5 GHz

S820C3.3 20 GHz


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Slide 27

Site Master Key Features

Seven different models to cover2 MHz to 20 GHz frequency range.

Superior Distance To Fault measurementbased on FDR technology to locate faults

Automatically calculates the cable loss

Allows accurate and repeatable measurementsin noisy RF environment


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Slide 28

Transmitter/Receiver Failure Modes

Introduction

Frequency spectrum

Transmission line system failure modes


FDR Technology

Site Master


Applications



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Slide 29

Transmitter & Receiver Problems

Transmitter deployment and maintenance

- Insufficient output power

- Frequency error

- Modulation spectra out of band

Receiver deployment and maintenance

- In band spurious

- Out of band spurious

- Frequency error

- Interference


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Slide 30

Interference

Jamming signals

Strong friendly signalsfrom surroundingtransmitters

Inter-modulation

products


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Slide 31

Interference Intermodulation

Inter-modulation in a receiver input or in nearbyenvironmental diodes can create interfering signals.

Two in-band signals mix together.

3rd order inter-modulation products are the most

troublesome

With frequencies X and Y

- 2Y-X and 2X-Y can easily fall within your receivers pass-band

- Can cause interference that may be continuous or intermittent


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Slide 32

Systems Live in a Complicated

RF Environment Many, many signals throughout the RF and low

microwave spectrum.

-100

-95

-90

-85

-80

-75

-70

-65

-60

-55

-50

-0.00 249.94 499.89 749.84 999.78 1249.72 1499.67 1749.61 1999.56 2249.50 2499.45

Ref Level :

-50.0 dBm

dB / Div :

5.0 dB

Anritsu MS2711D Spectrum MasterSilicon Valley Spectrum

Model: MS2711D Serial #: 1397701056Model: MS2711D Serial #: 1397701056Date: 10/07/2003 Time: 10:09:31RBW: 1 MHz VBW: 300 kHz Detection: Pos. Peak CF: 1250.27 MHz SPAN: 2499.46 MHz Attenuation: 1 dB

dB

m

Frequency (0.54 - 2500.0 MHz)


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Slide 33

Carrier to Interference Ratio

Application -- Determining the magnitude

of interference

This is a two-stepmeasurement:- First, the carrier power is

measured- Then, with the transmitter

turned off, the remainingsignals are measured

Automatically calculatesthe ratio of the values


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Slide 34

Channel Power

Application -

- Validate transmitterperformance to comply with

specifications

Select the applicablesignal standard &

channel Automatically measures

Total Power in thespecified channel

bandwidth


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Slide 35

Adjacent Channel Power

Application -- Determine if your own

transmitter is causing

interference Select the applicable

signal standard &channel

Adjacent channels areautomatically set

Automatically measuresPower in the main andadjacent channels This particular signal is clean

Note: Non-linearity in the output can cause spectral regrowth


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Slide 36

Spectrum Master

Introduction

Frequency spectrum



FDR Technology

Site Master


Applications


Products & Features


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Slide 37

Spectrum Master (100kHz 3GHz)

Key features

-135 dBm noise floor

+ 43 dBm maximum safe inputpower

Built-in AM/FM/SSBDemodulator

One Button measurements

- Field Strength, Channel power,Adjacent channel power ratio,Occupied bandwidth, Interference

Analysis, Carrier-To-Interferenceratio


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Slide 38

Transmission Measurement

Key features

Optional in MS2711D and S332D

Measure gain or loss oftwo port devices like:

- filters, cables,attenuators

and amplifiers

Built-in 25 MHz to 3 GHzsignal source

Dynamic range 80 dB

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

1760 1815 1870 1925 1980 2035 2090 2145 2200 2255 2310

Ref Level :

0.0 dBm

dB / Div :

10.0 dB

M1 M2M3

Spectrum AnalyzerFILTER

Model: S332D Serial #: 03296303Date: 10/09/2003 Time: 14:33:14RBW: 1 MHz VBW: 300 kHz Detection: Sampling ModeCF: 2025.0 MHz SPAN: 550.00 MHz Attenuation: 30 dB

dBm

Frequency (1750.0 - 2300.0 MHz)

M1: -99.09 dBm @ 1891.625 MHzM2: -81.50 dBm @ 2111.625 MHzM3: -1.04 dBm @ 1957.625 MHz


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Slide 39

Frequency Extension

Key features

Optional in MS2711D and S332D

Extend frequency range- External module

- Powered by main instrument

Frequency Range 4.7 to 6 GHz

Dynamic range 80 dB

Sensitivity 100 dBm


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Slide 40

Applications

Introduction

Frequency spectrum



FDR Technology

Site Master


Applications


Spectrum Master

Site Master

S


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Slide 41

Spectrum Master - Application

MVSAT Application

MVSAT (Mobile Very Small

Aperture Terminal) is used togather information in war zones

MS2711D with Bias Tee is usedduring MVSAT setup for satellite

acquisition MS2711D is used for

troubleshooting during poorsignal transmission

Si M US A A li i


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Slide 42

Site Master - US Army Application

SINCGARS radio system

Army vehicles usesSINCGARS radio

communication system,which has two antennasystems in every vehicle

If there is a problem whole

antenna system will bereplaced

After using Site Master40% of antenna system

replacements were cut back


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Slide 43

Site Master Air Force Application

F16 Fighter plane

Cables are analyzedusing S331C. Some

cables are up to 50 ftlong which run from tailto line replace unitreceiver in the cockpit.


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Slide 44

Site Master Coast Guard Application

Coast Guard Fleet

S331D and S820Cused to sweep cables

and waveguides of theships

Sit M t A A li ti


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Slide 45

Site Master - Aerospace Application

Joint Strike Fighter program

It is important to find exactfault location to cut

composite skin to get to thefault

Without exact fault location itwill be at least 4 days to fix

the problem Prime Contractor uses:Two Site Masters, S331Cand S820C in one transitcase for cable and

waveguide analysis

Sit M t A A li ti


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Slide 46


SWIFT 64 INMARSAT

C-40B airplane is a 737 BBJ, whichsupported the CENTCOM commander,General Abizaid, during Iraq war

The airplane had been experiencingintermittent communications over theSWIFT 64 INMARSAT system

Used Anritsu S332D to measure:- return loss in SWIFT 64 INMARSAT RF cable

system between the antenna and the terminal- made DTF measurements and cable loss

measurements.

Testing with S332D verified that RF pathswere OK, so the terminal was replaced

Since then the airplane has flown missionswithout any noted problems

Site Master Aerospace Application


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Slide 47


AWACS

Airborne Warning and ControlSystem (AWACS)

AWACS is distinguished by theaddition of a large, rotatingrotodome containing its radarantenna and identification friend-or-foe (IFF) and data-link fighter-control (TADIL-C) antennas

S331B, S251C and S820A areused to test the antennas andcables

Site Master Aerospace Application


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Slide 48


Prime Contractor AircraftCompany

Company builds wingsand tails for militaryand commercial planes

They sweep all cables of

the manufactured wingsand tails

Training & Technical Support


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Slide 49


Introduction

Frequency spectrum



FDR Technology

Site Master


Applications

Training & Technical support

Q&A



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Slide 50


Certified Line SweepTraining

www.us.anritsu.com/training

Site Master UsersGroup (SMIU)

www.us.anritsu.com/smiu Technical support

- Anritsu Call Center

1-800-267-4878

Additional Information


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Slide 51

Additional Information

For more information aboutSite Master and SpectrumMaster please visit our

website athttp://www.us.anritsu.com/

Upcoming industry events

featuring the Anritsu MasterSolutions

CeBit March 18th 24th 2004

CTIA - March 22nd 24th 2004

IWCE March 24th 26th 2004


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Slide 52

Do you have more questions for us?Please E-mail: [email protected]

To find your local distributor call:1(800) Anritsu (278-4878)

or go to www.us.anritsu.com

To purchase Anritsu products on GSAcontract please contact www.testmart.com orwww.navicpmart.com

Thanks for your attendance !

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