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A Down-to-Earth Approach 9/eA Down-to-Earth Approach 9/e

Chapter 8:Chapter 8:

Deviance and Social ControlDeviance and Social Control

Chapter 8: Deviance and Social ControlCopyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008 2

““It is not the act itself, but the reactions to It is not the act itself, but the reactions to

the act, that make something deviant.”the act, that make something deviant.”

Howard Becker, 1966Howard Becker, 1966

What is Deviance?What is Deviance?


Relative DevianceRelative Deviance

What is Deviant to Some is not What is Deviant to Some is not

Deviant to OthersDeviant to Others

““Deviance” is Nonjudgmental TermDeviance” is Nonjudgmental Term

What is Deviance?What is Deviance?


Crime Crime Violation of Norms as LawsViolation of Norms as Laws

Deviance Deviance Violation of Rules or NormsViolation of Rules or Norms

Stigma Stigma Blemishes on “Normal” IdentityBlemishes on “Normal” Identity

Deviance TerminologyDeviance Terminology


Makes Behavior PredictableMakes Behavior Predictable

No Norms - Social ChaosNo Norms - Social Chaos

Social Control Social Control Group’s Formal and Informal Group’s Formal and Informal

Means of Enforcing NormsMeans of Enforcing Norms

Norms Make Social Life Possible

Norms Make Social Life Possible


Negative SanctionsNegative Sanctions

Positive SanctionsPositive Sanctions

SanctionsSanctions


Shaming is a SanctionShaming is a Sanction

Can Be Centerpiece of Public RitualCan Be Centerpiece of Public Ritual

Degradation CeremonyDegradation Ceremony

Shaming and Degradation Ceremonies

Shaming and Degradation Ceremonies


SociobiologySociobiology

Look for Answers Inside IndividualsLook for Answers Inside Individuals

Genetic PredispositionsGenetic Predispositions

Explanations of DevianceExplanations of Deviance


PsychologyPsychology

Focuses on Abnormalities Focuses on Abnormalities

Within IndividualsWithin Individuals

Personality DisordersPersonality Disorders

Deviant PersonalitiesDeviant Personalities



SociologySociology

Look for Answers Outside IndividualsLook for Answers Outside Individuals SocializationSocialization

Membership in SubculturesMembership in Subcultures

Social ClassSocial Class



FamiliesFamilies

Friends, NeighborsFriends, Neighbors

SubculturesSubcultures

Prison or Freedom?Prison or Freedom?

Symbolic Interactionist Perspective

Differential Association Theory


Differential Association Theory


Inner ControlsInner Controls

MoralityMorality

ConscienceConscience

Religious PrinciplesReligious Principles


Control Theory


Control Theory


Outer ControlsOuter Controls

AttachmentsAttachments

CommitmentsCommitments

InvolvementsInvolvements

Beliefs that Actions are Morally WrongBeliefs that Actions are Morally Wrong


Control Theory


Control Theory


Focuses on the Significance of LabelsFocuses on the Significance of Labels

Labels Become Part of Self-ConceptLabels Become Part of Self-Concept

Propel Towards or Away from DeviancePropel Towards or Away from Deviance


Labeling Theory


Labeling Theory


Denial of ResponsibilityDenial of Responsibility

Denial of InjuryDenial of Injury

Denial of a VictimDenial of a Victim


Rejecting Labels


Rejecting Labels


Condemnation of CondemnersCondemnation of Condemners

Appeal to Higher LoyaltiesAppeal to Higher Loyalties


Rejecting Labels


Rejecting Labels


Embracing Labels - Outlaw BikersEmbracing Labels - Outlaw Bikers

The Power of Labels - Saints and The Power of Labels - Saints and

RoughnecksRoughnecks


Labeling Theory


Labeling Theory


Clarifies Moral Boundaries Clarifies Moral Boundaries

and Affirms Normsand Affirms Norms

Promotes Social UnityPromotes Social Unity

Promotes Social ChangePromotes Social Change

Functionalist PerspectiveCan Deviance Be Functional?

Functionalist PerspectiveCan Deviance Be Functional?


Social Values Produce DevianceSocial Values Produce Deviance

Cultural GoalsCultural Goals

Institutional MeansInstitutional Means

Strain Leads to AnomieStrain Leads to Anomie

Functionalist PerspectiveStrain Theory

Functionalist PerspectiveStrain Theory


InnovatorsInnovators

RitualismRitualism

RetreatismRetreatism

RebellionRebellion

Functionalist PerspectiveFour Deviant Paths

Functionalist PerspectiveFour Deviant Paths


Unequal Access to Institutional Unequal Access to Institutional

Means to SuccessMeans to Success

Street CrimeStreet Crime

White-Collar CrimeWhite-Collar Crime

Gender and CrimeGender and Crime

Functionalist PerspectiveIllegitimate Opportunity Structures

Functionalist PerspectiveIllegitimate Opportunity Structures


Class, Crime, and the Class, Crime, and the Criminal Justice SystemCriminal Justice System

Power and InequalityPower and Inequality Capitalist ClassCapitalist Class Working ClassWorking Class Marginal Working ClassMarginal Working Class

The Law as an Instrument The Law as an Instrument of Oppressionof Oppression

The Conflict PerspectiveThe Conflict Perspective


Reaction to DevianceReaction to Deviance

Street Crime and PrisonsStreet Crime and Prisons



Street Crime and Prisons Street Crime and Prisons

The Decline of CrimeThe Decline of Crime




The Decline of CrimeThe Decline of Crime

RecidivismRecidivism




The Decline of Crime The Decline of Crime

RecidivismRecidivism

The Death Penalty BiasThe Death Penalty Bias


Legal ChangeLegal Change Hate CrimesHate Crimes



Medicalization of DevianceMedicalization of Deviance Neither Mental nor Illness?Neither Mental nor Illness?

Homeless Mentally IllHomeless Mentally Ill

Need for More Humane ApproachNeed for More Humane Approach

Legal ChangeLegal Change Hate CrimesHate Crimes

Trouble with StatisticsTrouble with Statistics


A Down-to-Earth Approach 9/eA Down-to-Earth Approach 9/e

Chapter 8:Chapter 8:

Deviance and Social ControlDeviance and Social Control

c08 henslin9e

Education

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