1. Local Impact, National Influence, Global Reach UC San Diegos Leadership in Energy Sustainability MAE 124/ESYS 103 April 7, 2011 Byron Washom, Director, Strategic Energy Initiatives

2. With a daily population of over45,000, UC San Diego is the size andUC San Diego Operates a 42 MWpeak Microgridcomplexity of a small city.As a research and medicalthe energy density ofcommercial buildingsCampus Quick Factsinstitution, we have FOUR times12 million sq. ft. of buildings,$200M/yr of building growthSelf generate 82% of annualdemand30 MW natural gas Cogen plant2.8 MW of Fuel Cells contracted1.2 MW of Solar PV installed, additional2 MW planned 3. 3 Empowering Business in Real Time Copyright 2010, OSIsoft LLC All rights Reserved. 4. UCSD Self Generates 82%of its own electricity 5. Creating a Green Smart MicrogridUCSDs Microgrid will embody all 7Smart Grid Functions envisioned bythe Energy Independence &Security Act, 2007RESCO $2M program with CAEnergy Commission will deploy: Advanced master controller formicrogrids Optimizer re- scheduler platformfor dynamic market signals allowoptimization of storage and supply Real time data acquisition foranalysis 6. Smart Grid Largest Plant Power Generation EnergyTransmission & Distribution AMI Management Support Dashboard Convergence of Energy & Information12 Empowering Business in Real Time Copyright 2010, OSIsoft LLC All rights Reserved. 7. Campus Energy Dashboard Map 8. Energy Dashboard SampleComputer Sciences Engineering Dept Overall Energy Usage Individual Circuit MetersMeters EBU3B Server Room Monitor PanelT1203B Main Power Meter EBU3B 4th Floor Lighting EBU3B 3rd Floor Lighting Breakdown of Power Usage EBU3B 2nd Floor Lighting EBU3B Server Room UPS Minitoring Panel EBU3B Emergency Lighting Monitoring CSE Building Sub- Panel E0222AMonitoring Main Mechanical Sub StationMetersMP0102 Building Machine Room Monitoring Panel T1203C in Server RoomEBU3B 1st Floor Lighting Building Overall Lighting Monitoring Panel T1203A in Server Room Building Mechanical Load Monitoring Panel M Server RoomEquipment Building Plug Loads EBU3B Basement Lighting EBU3B Main Building Power Sub Station A EBU3B Main Building Power Sub Station B EBU3B Elevator Load Chilled Water Loop Flow 9. 1.2 MW Installed on Campus PV 10. San Diego Region Receives 19% of TotalUS Clean Renewable Energy Bonds 11. US Treasury Allocated $154M to the San DiegoRegion to Increase Solar Systems by 20%Bank of America just$154Mfunded a $4M UCSDCREB at ~2% netinterest rate, 15 years 12. 900 kW Off Campus Sites with CREBs 13. Request for 900 kW issued for 5 Off CampusSites: roof & ground; fixed & dual axis tacking 2.0 Acres 14. Installed On Campus PV11/18/2010UC San Diego30 15. Potential for Another 2 MW of PV Integrated with Storage Jacobs School of Engineering 16. Solar Forecasting 17. Cloud Types 18. UCSDs Trade Street Warehouse Requestfor Proposals for 3 Different Roof Loadings Common SoCal Characteristics Roof Loading Restrictions Constructed in 1988 152k sq ft clear roof space Due to structural loadingrestrictions, the winning PV willbe the system design thatmeets the loading restrictionsindicated in the figure to theright while maximizing PVpower generation Very applicable to high PVstrategy 11/18/2010UC San Diego 35 19. Los Angeles/Orange County Warehouse Roof Market OntarioLos AngelesPuente HillsAnaheim 36 20. Governor Designated San Diego as the Latest Innovation HubSan Diego iHub Now Joins CaliforniasInnovation Corridor to Advance States EconomicInnovation and Global Competitiveness The San Diego iHub wil be focused on the convergence of three clusters: mobile health, biofuels, and solar energy and energy storage 21. Solar PV plant output variability (partly-cloudy day, 10-second time-step)Potentialvoltagecontrol andpower qualityissues due toPV variabilityEnergystorage ondistributionPV Generation circuits maybe essential21KV Circuit Customer LoadAdded value Back up power supply forEnergy Storageemergency management 22. car1.5MWh Energy Storage Building 23. UCSDs Electric VehicleEnergy Storage Programs 24. White House Release 3-30-11 Paving the way for advanced vehicles: ThePresident has set an ambitious goal of putting 1million electric vehicles on the road by 2015. Tohelp us get there, the Presidents FY 2012 Budgetproposes a redesigned $7500 tax credit for consumers, competitive grants for communities that encouragethe adoption of electric vehicles, funding for R&D to drive innovation in advancedbattery technology. calling on Congress to move forward with policies thatcan help unlock the promise of natural gas vehicles. 25. Smart City San Diego A collaborative approach from strategy to execution 26. UCSD-GE-SDG&E-City of San Diego-CleanTech San Diego Collaborative 27. 3 Proposed Projects Accelerate EV Infrastructure Build OutDrive Energy Efficiency Gain Full Utilization of Smart Grid Demand Response ProgramsDevelop Sustainability Index 28. Electrification of the TransportationSector Is Essential to a Smart Grid Utilize smart technology to enable rapid electric vehicle growth while ensuring safe, reliable and efficient power delivery for consumers. UCSD, SDG&E and GE will demonstrate smart technologies to identify when and where charging will occur, as well as work with electric vehicle owners to better manage charging loads. 29. Electrification of the TransportationSector Is Essential to a Smart Grid R&D systems to power electric vehicles through clean, renewable energy sources, such as solar and biogas fuel cells. UCSD, GE and SDG&E will test the technical and economic feasibility of achieving zero tailpipe emissions, leveraging UCSDs extensive solar and fuel cell renewable energy generation infrastructure. 30. Electrification of the TransportationSector Is Essential to a Smart Grid Study consumer behavior to better understand their decisions and identify additional electric vehicle initiatives. The collaborators plan to enlist a consumer focus group comprised of 50 UCSD students, faculty, and staff who will be offered commercial leases on electric vehicles, charging their vehicles through UCSDs planned electric vehicle infrastructure. 31. Additional Mitigation Measure for High PVPenetration is with Endgame PV Charging of EV 32. UCSDs Legacy Infrastructure Enables Zero Carbon Emissions, DC to DC On Peak Charging Funded $3.5 of Solar PV Funded $17M Fuel Cell 33. Nissan, Mitsubishi, et.al can provide thelast link of the DC-DC Charging Stations Access to DC PowerNeed Zero Sum Reallocation ofDOE funding for DC-DC rectifierand storage equipment &installation costs 34. Second-Life for PHEV/BEV Batteries 35. Second-Life for PHEV/BEV Batteries Findings from the UC Davis Plug-in Hybrid ElectricVehicle Research Center indicate that PEV batteriesafter they are no longer suitable for use in thevehiclecould potentially be repurposed for asecond-life use in stationary storage applications,providing valuable services to the grid, the utilities, andelectricity customers. The UC Berkeley study Strategies for OvercomingBattery FirstCost Hurdles found that revenue streamsgenerated from these second -use applications could beused to significantly reduce the upfront cost ofbatteries and therefore PEV ownership. 36. 2011 Testing Plans at UCSD NREL will announce soon that industry and academia are being a ledby the CA Center for Sustainable Energy (CCSE) to give batteriesfrom PHEV and BEV a unique comprehensive study of the feasibility,durability, and value of Li-ion batteries for second use applications The project will begin with a comprehensive techno-economicanalysis addressing all aspects of a batterys lifecycle in search of thebest second-use strategies, followed by a comprehensive field testprogram at UCSD to verify findings, particularly life of batteries. The batteries will be integrated with PV on UCSDs microgrid to: Provide validated tools and life data to industry for battery re-use Recommendations for PHEV/BEV battery design and manufacturing practices Identify the necessary regulatory changes to encourage secondary battery use Assess the economic benefit of second uses 37. Energy Storage Strategic Vision Goal: to work with PIER Energy Storage Program Team,industry experts, utility representatives and otherleading practitioners to develop specific targets andmilestones as well as specific actions necessary fordevelopment and deployment of energy storagetechnologies in California . The purpose of thetargets and milestones is to clearly identify the 2020Energy Storage vision and goals over time that theRD&D activities must be working toward achieving.68 38. Purpose of a vision: Provide thought leadership to help states leaders and regulatory agencies make decisions on energy policy Offer a framework that consolidates or integrates detailed analyses conducted by other institutions (e.g. E3, EPRI, SNL/DOE, CAISO, FERC, SDG&E, SCE) with an assessment of the technologies and expected rates of innovation Suggest next steps for CA policymakers, regulators, and for CEC/PIER research69 39. Approach for California 2020 Energy Storage Vision Consider several scenarios for deployment ofEnergy Storage technologies in California Scenarios may provide different baselines for defining possible targets and milestones, and for projecting the effects of technological developments Use scenarios to contextualize specific actions Feasibility, practicality and cost-effectiveness of specific actions may vary under different scenarios Starting place must be in identifying system and application needs70 40. Be the Worlds Most efficient Solar Integrated Storage system First Smart system discharging and charging based on solar forecasts and market prices First system to mitigate the negative impacts of solar intermittency on distribution circuit Most diverse mix of energy storage applications Largest aggregate capacity installed at a university Most cited published project 41. The use of the many complimentarytechnologies and their integration intothe grid is revolutionary, and it candemonstrate Smart Grid concepts areaffordable and secure sources ofenergy Petar Ristanovic, CAISO Chief TechnologyOfficer, July 8, 2010 42. CAISO in July 2010 expressed theirinterest to the CEC in the developmentand demonstration of UCSDsrenewable based microgrids and howit can be integrated with overalloperation of the power grid includingparticipation in CAISOs ancillaryservices and participating loadmarkets. 43. Deep Situation Awareness CAISO recognizes UCSDs highly integratedmicrogrid infrastructure with self generation,thermal and electric energy storage, solarforecasting, Demand Response, renewablegeneration, its own 69 kV substation andextensive metering and monitoring. Therefore, with CEC funding to UCSD, CAISO has committed to collaborate in real time data management for testing and demonstration of a data intensive, real time anytical software, and how a Smart Grid can participate in the ISOs markets. 44. Demand Responses Week of Aug 23 2010 45. What is the best part about your job at UCSD? LA Times reporterThe inability to exceed the imagination of my UCSD colleagues. Byron Washom 46. UC San DiegoLocal Impact, National Influence, Global Reach