Social studies Flash cards

Bye Alexiaus Nichols

The Great Awakening

Religious movement in the 1730s and 1740s. Preached ideas that went against Puritan

beliefs and teachings. JONATHAN EDWARDS – one of the best known

preachers of the time – his sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”, urged believers to develop a personal relationship with God.

This movement revitalized American religion by adding emotion.

The Abolitionist Movement began in response to the Great Awakening.

William Penn

William Penn established a colony in North America as a refuge for Quakers. The land grant from the King was called “Pennsylvania” or Penn’s Woods. Supported toleration of the Native Americans, freedom of worship, welcomed immigrants, and did not require citizens to serve in the militia.

Believed that each person was equal and allowed them to elect their own government officials.

Benjamin Franklin

Inventor, Scientist, Founding Father 1706 – 1790 Published Poor Richard’s Almanack; sayings in his book helped

shape the American character, such as “early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.

Founded the first public library in the colonies, supported education; Post Master General for all the colonies

Scientist: Enlightenment: believed that through study and knowledge a person could improve his position in life

Member of the committee that wrote the Declaration of Independence

Created the Albany Plan of Union – the first attempt to unite the colonies during the French and Indian War

Considered to be the “first civilized American” Invented the lightening rod, bifocal glasses, and the Franklin

stove

Explain the reasons for the development of representative government in Colonial America

Representative governments often develop to meet the political, economic, and social needs of the people who hold similar beliefs.

Major Eras and Events in U.S. History – Colonial America

Exploration and Colonization Establishment of the 13 colonies Representative Democracy Mercantilism Religious Freedom

What are some reasons for European colonization of North America

Reasons for ColonizationReligious freedomPolitical freedom

Economic opportunity (mercantilism)Social mobility

Religious Freedom

What are some reasons for European Exploration

Reasons for Exploration: Religion Wealth Fame

National pride Curiosity

Faster, cheaper trade routes to Asia

Political reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies

Political Reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies:

Political Competition with Spain and France who

already had many colonies in North America

Increase trade and markets for English exports (mercantilism)

Source of raw materials

Religious reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies

Religious reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies:

Seeking religious freedom

Freedom from persecution for religious beliefs

 

Reasons for Growth of Representative Government and Institutions During the Colonial Period

Distance from England created a need for colonists to make their own laws and keep peace and order

Colonists were accustomed to English traditions and structures (Parliament)

Most colonies were self-governing, electing members of their community to a general assembly, which made their laws

Social reasons for establishingthe 13 English Colonies

Social reasons for establishing the 13 English Colonies

Opportunity for adventure and a better way of life

England was overcrowded and settlers desired their own land

How did Religion and Virtue Contribute to the Growth of Representative Government in the American Colonies

Religious freedom was a cause for the establishment of the American colonies

Religious groups: Quakers, Pilgrims, Puritans, and others) creating communities that were self-governed.

Penn colony (Pennsylvania) was an experiment in the possibility of equality and citizens involved in the government

Effects of Political, Economic, and Social Factors on Slaves During the Colonial Period

Slaves During the Colonial Period:

Political – no political voice; no rights

Economic – labor of the Plantation System; considered property; children considered property and sold with no regard to parents

Social – viewed as property; viewed as outside the American identity

Physical and Human Geographic Factors on Colonization

Proximity to the Atlantic coastline determined where settlements/colonies were created

Human geographic factors – removal of the Native Americans, disease and conflict; for example, Georgia was a buffer between the other British colonies and Spanish Florida

Effects of Political, Economic, and Social Factors on Free Blacks During the Colonial Period

Free Blacks During the Colonial Period

Political – no political voice; limited / restricted rights

Economic – low wage earners

Social – lowest social class; limited access to education; socially isolated

1607

Year in which representatives of the Virginia Company of London established the first permanent English settlement in North America at

Jamestown, Virginia.

Mayflower Compact

Written in 1620 by male Pilgrims on the Mayflower. Created government where none had existed based on majority rule.

A social contract where all agreed to abide by these rules in

the colonies.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

First written constitution in the colonies; document that people had the right to elect governors,

judges, and a legislature. Was written by the people; the fact that it was written down gave

the document credibility.

Mercantilism

Economic theory in which a nation’s wealth is based on the amount of revenue is generated from its colonies.

The more gold and silver a nation has determine its wealth.

Slave Trade

The buying and selling of millions of Africans to North America.

Plantation System

System of agricultural production based on large scale landownership; depended upon slave labor; Assisted

in the development of an agrarian society

in the South

Triangular Trade Route

Trade route from

Europe→AfricaAfrica→West IndiesWest Indies→Europe

First elected body of representatives in the American colonies; met in Williamsburg, Virginia.Based on Parliament.

House of Burgesses

New England Colonies

Along the Atlantic CoastSubsistence farmingPoor soilCold climateForests

Economic factors: raw materials, logging, fishing shipbuildingPolitical factors: town meetings, representative governmentSocial factors: small coastal towns (Boston only large city)Religious factors: Puritans, Pilgrims

Southern ColoniesAppalachian MountainsNavigable riversRicher soilWarm climateRaw materialsEconomic factors: plantations, cash crops, tobacco, rice, cottonPolitical factors: more slaves, more class-based societySocial factors and small coastal towns (Savannah, Charleston were large cities)Religious factors: Church of England, Catholics (Maryland), more diverse

Middle ColoniesRich soilBroad, deep riversMore natural portsRiver valleysMild wintersRaw materialsEconomic factors: large farms, logging, fishing, shipbuildingPolitical factors: more tolerance; diversitySocial factors small coastal towns (Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York were large cities)Religious factors: Quakers, Catholics

Effects of Physical and Human Geographic Factors on Major Historical and Contemporary Events

Physical geographic factors – proximity to Atlantic coastline determined where settlements/colonies were created

The NewEngland Middle colonies had access to waterways that resulted in high population and larger urban areas.

Southern colonies had an abundant amount of fertile soil that resulted in an agricultural society

Human geographic factors – removal of the Native Americans, disease and conflict (ex. Georgia as a buffer between the other British colonies and Spanish Florida)

American Revolution Era, 1775 - 1783

Taxation without Representation Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party Unalienable Rights Battles of Lexington and Concord,

Saratoga, and Yorktown Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation