by usda afri grant no. 2011-67009-30055 bioenergy & bioproducts education programs bioenergy and...
TRANSCRIPT
By USDA AFRI Grant no. 2011-67009-30055
Bioenergy & Bioproducts Education Programs
BIOENERGY AND BIOPRODUCTS
http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=oil_refining
Importance of Polymers
Plastic is in a lot of stuff!
What are some of the consequences of the throw away culture?
What happens to single use plastic products after we dispose of them?
Plastic Bottles Plastic Bags
Plastic does not biodegrade
Landfills
Where does it all end up?
Accumulates in ecosystems
Accumulates in municipalities
Accumulates in local water sources
Great Pacific Garbage Patch
1. Public acceptance to bioproducts
March 31, 2011 USDA News
Deputy Agriculture Secretary Kathleen Merrigan unveiled today the first 60 products that consumers will soon see in stores throughout the country bearing the new USDA BioPreferred product label for certified biobased products
% of renewable material
BioProducts
Benefits of BioProducts
Environmental
Factors
• Renewable
• Carbon Neutral
• Local Production
• Biodegradable, Environmentally Compatible
• Green Chemistry, Reduced Toxicity
• Lower Energy Requirements
Environmental
Factors
• Renewable
• Carbon Neutral
• Local Production
• Biodegradable, Environmentally Compatible
• Green Chemistry, Reduced Toxicity
• Lower Energy Requirements
Bioproducts
Bioproducts:
• Household cleaners
• Paints and stains
• Personal care items
• Plastic bottles & containers
• Packaging materials
• Office supplies
• Soaps & detergents
• Lubricants
• Clothing
• Plates, napkins, cutlery
• Building materials
Source: OBIC
The most well-known plant resources tend to be soybeans and corn; however, bioproducts are not limited to just those plant resources. Below is a brief list of plant resources that can be used in the creation of bioproducts:
•Sunflowers
•Canola
•Miscanthus
•Mycelium (vegetative part of fungus)
•Switchgrass
•Algae
•Forest-derived materials
•Sugarcane
• Flax
•Potatoes
•Wheat
Source: OBIC
Benefits of bioproducts
BiofuelsBioplastics & polymers Natural rubber & resinsBiocompositesBiomedicines Biochemicals
Bioproducts shared 12% of target chemicals in 2010. Projected to 25% in 2030.
Benefits
Petro-independence Carbon neutral Biodegradable Non/less toxic Green jobs Bioeconomy
Biopolymers
Synthetic polymers
Synthetic rubber, nylon, PVC, polystyrene, polyethylene, silicone, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, …
Biopolymers
Polylactic acid (PLA), zein, rubber (polyisoprene), poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, fiber (cellulose)
Petro-based, non-biodegradable
Bio-based, carbon neutralBiodegradable, compostable
Decompose to undistinguishable under nat. conditions in 5 yrs>60% C to CO2 within 180 d under ind. composting conditions
Polystyrene is a long chain of many styrene units
Synthetic plastics & polymers
Starch is a long chain of many glucose units
Polyester derived from plant starch or sugar
Starch→ lactic acid→ dilactate ester→ PLA
Glass transition T: 62ºCMelting point: 175ºC
Used for bioplastics to make biodegradable cups, food packing, table wares, woven shirts, and shrink wraps
Polylactic acid (PLA)
Polyester derived from plant starch or sugar
Starch→ lactic acid→ dilactate ester→ PLA
Glass transition T: 62ºCMelting point: 175ºC
Used for bioplastics to make biodegradable cups, food packing, table wares, woven shirts, and shrink wraps
Polylactic acid (PLA)
Degradability of PLA products
Changes of a PLA bottle in 35 d composting
Degradability of PLA products
Decomposition of a PLA lid after 35 d composting
Cellophane
Derived from plant cellulose
Wood →alkali bath →acid bath →glycerin bath
Cellophane packing
Low permeability to air, oils, greases, and bacteria
Used for food packing, cigar packing, self-adhesive tapes, semi-permeable membranes
Zein
Prolamine protein from maize gluten meal
Odorless, tasteless, hard, water-insoluble, and edible
Used as a coating for candy, nuts, fruit, pills, paper cup & drug capsules, cap lining, cloth fabric, button, and a gum substitute
Natural rubber
Polyisoprene refined from latex
Used for manufacturing tires & tubes, gloves, balloons, adhesives, pencil erasers, rubber bands, rain boots, & window profiles
Latex from a Para rubber tree
Bio-based adhesives
Starch-based bioadhesives
Made from starch
Uses Glue labels & board Binders for paints For primering For construction materials Sticky tapes
Water-based
Hot-melt
Protein-based bioadhesives
Made from gelatin
Water-resistantStrongNontoxic
Jelly glue
Uses Bookbinding Paper converting Assembly Packaging
Other bioadhesives
vs
vs
vs
How do we change a consumer's behaviors?
Increased Consumer Demands
This is where Plant Scientists come in!
What type of questions might plant scientists
ask?
ActivityEco-Friendly Packing Peanuts:
Making Them and
Putting Them to the Test
Investigation 1: Creating Effective Biodegradable Packing Peanuts
Challenge: How can the chemical components be changed to create a “better”, more effective biodegradable packing peanut.
Baking Powder• When dissolved in water, acid salts reacts
with sodium bicarbonate and produces carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide creates bubbles within the mixture forming gas pockets.
Glycerol• Is a plasticizer that gives plastics flexibility
and durability. Water was used in the standard. Glycerol (derived from vegetable oil or animal fat).
Baking powder will make the packing peanut fluffier.
Glycerol will make the packing peanut flexible.
Testing the results!