By: By: Coach Dzialo Jacobs High Coach Dzialo Jacobs High School (Go EAGLES!)School (Go EAGLES!)

Ancient Greece:

The High Water Mark of Western Civilization?

The Geography of Greece

The Geography of Greece

Influences on the GreeksInfluences on the Greeks

• MesopotamiansMesopotamians EgyptiansEgyptians• (ex. Phoenicians-alphabet)(ex. Phoenicians-alphabet)

» GreeksGreeks

» Aegean CulturesAegean Cultures PersiansPersians» MinoansMinoans» MyceneansMyceneans» TrojansTrojans

Bronze Age GreeceBronze Age Greece

Crete: Minoan Civilization

(Palace at Knossos)

Crete: Minoan Civilization

(Palace at Knossos)

MINOANSMINOANS

• -Began on Island of Crete-Began on Island of Crete• Elaborate palace at KnossosElaborate palace at Knossos• Highly refined societyHighly refined society• Thrived on trade (Med. Control)Thrived on trade (Med. Control)• Women were well treatedWomen were well treated• Enjoyed leisureEnjoyed leisure• boxingboxing• bull-leapingbull-leaping

Knossos: Minoan Civilization

Knossos: Minoan Civilization

Minoan CivilizationMinoan Civilization

The Mycenaean Civilization

The Mycenaean Civilization

MYCENEAEN MYCENEAEN SIGNIFICANCESIGNIFICANCE

• INVADERS FROM CASPIAN SEA REGIONINVADERS FROM CASPIAN SEA REGION• WARLIKE!WARLIKE!• THE MYCE. INVASION FORCED EVERYONE TO SPEAK THE THE MYCE. INVASION FORCED EVERYONE TO SPEAK THE

SAME LANGUAGE……CRUCIAL FOR GREEK SAME LANGUAGE……CRUCIAL FOR GREEK DEVELOPMENT AND ACHIEVEMENTDEVELOPMENT AND ACHIEVEMENT

• FOUGHT THE TROJANSFOUGHT THE TROJANS

TROJANSTROJANS

• Geographic RivalGeographic Rival

• Trojan WarTrojan War

• Iliad Iliad and and The OdysseyThe Odyssey

• Epic- long story of overcoming adversity Epic- long story of overcoming adversity with courage (moral guideposts)with courage (moral guideposts)

• Rhapsode – trained reciterRhapsode – trained reciter

Homer: The “Heroic Age”

Homer: The “Heroic Age”

The Mask of AgamemnonThe Mask of Agamemnon

ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

Early Athenian Lawgivers

Early Athenian Lawgivers$ Draco§ “draconian”

$ Solon

$ Cleisthenes§ created the first

democracy

Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

Persian Wars: Famous BattlesPersian Wars: Famous Battles$ Marathon (490 BCE)§ 26 miles from Athens

$ Thermopylae (480 BCE)§ 300 Spartans at

theMountain pass

$ Salamis (480 BCE)§ Athenian navy

victorious

Golden “Age of Pericles”:

460 BCE – 429 BCE

Golden “Age of Pericles”:

460 BCE – 429 BCE

ATHENSATHENS

• Athenian male sought leisureAthenian male sought leisure• BoxingBoxing• Sporting events/OlympicsSporting events/Olympics• Banquet/ intellectual discussionBanquet/ intellectual discussion• Freedom of speechFreedom of speech• Compulsory public serviceCompulsory public service• Appreciation of beautyAppreciation of beauty

Great Athenian Philosophers

Great Athenian Philosophers$ Socrates

§ Know thyself!

§ question everything

§ only the pursuit of goodnessbrings happiness.

$ Plato§ The Academy

§ The Republic philosopher-king

Great Athenian Philosophers

Great Athenian Philosophers$ Aristotle

§ The Lyceum

§ “Golden Mean” [everything inmoderation].

§ Logic.

§ Scientific method.

Athens: The Arts & Sciences

Athens: The Arts & Sciences$ DRAMA (tragedians):

§ Aeschylus

§ Sophocles

§ Euripides

$ THE SCIENCES:§ Pythagoras

§ Democritus all matter made up of small atoms.

§ Hippocrates “Father of Medicine”

Phidias’ AcropolisPhidias’ Acropolis

The Acropolis TodayThe Acropolis Today

The ParthenonThe Parthenon

The AgoraThe Agora

The Classical Greek “Ideal”

The Classical Greek “Ideal”

The Ancient Olympics:

Athletes & Trainers

The Ancient Olympics:

Athletes & Trainers

Olympia: Temple to Hera

Olympia: Temple to Hera

The 2004 OlympicsThe 2004 Olympics

SPARTASPARTA

SPARTASPARTA

Helots Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.

SPARTASPARTA

• Descendants of the war-like DoriansDescendants of the war-like Dorians

• Victims of their own historyVictims of their own history• 10:110:1• Unwilling to dilute their citizenshipUnwilling to dilute their citizenship• Cultivate physical excellenceCultivate physical excellence• All males at age 7– militaryAll males at age 7– military

PELOPONNESIAN WARPELOPONNESIAN WAR

• ATHENS VS. SPARTAATHENS VS. SPARTA

• Conflict attributed to “Greed and Conflict attributed to “Greed and Ambition”Ambition”

» ((Thucydides)Thucydides)» 60 years earlier the Greek city-states united to 60 years earlier the Greek city-states united to

defeat a common enemy the Persiansdefeat a common enemy the Persians» Too much Pride is a bad thing!Too much Pride is a bad thing!

Peloponnesian WarsPeloponnesian Wars

SPARTAN MILITARYSPARTAN MILITARY

• ALL MALESALL MALES

• Training starts at age 7Training starts at age 7

• Infants?Infants?

• Flogging dayFlogging day

• No family lifeNo family life

• Women- role was to become healthy Women- role was to become healthy Spartan baby makers.Spartan baby makers.

Macedonia Under Philip II

Macedonia Under Philip II

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great’s EmpireAlexander the Great’s Empire

Alexander the Great in Persia

Alexander the Great in Persia

The Hellenization of Asia

The Hellenization of Asia

Pergamum: A Hellenistic CityPergamum: A Hellenistic City

The Economy of the Hellenistic World

The Economy of the Hellenistic World

Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic

Philosophers$ Epicurians Epicurus§ avoid pain & seek

pleasure.

§ all excess leads to pain!

§ politics should be avoided.

Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic

Philosophers$ Stoics Zeno§ get involved in politics, not

for personal gain, but toperform virtuous acts for the good of all.

Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences

Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences$ Scientists /

Mathematicians:§ Aristarchus heliocentric

theory.

§ Euclid geometry

§ Archimedes pulley

$ Hellenistic Art:§ More realistic

§ Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!

The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire

The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire

The End!The End!