Bus Lane Capacity 1

BUS LANE

CAPACITY

Bus Lane Capacity 2

passengers/hour/direction

6000 15000

Bus Lane Tram / LRT Metro

CAPACITY DEFAULTS 30 YEARS AGO

Bus Lane Capacity 3

passengers/hour/direction

BUS OPERATED AS TRAIN?

6000 15000

Bus Lane Tram / LRT Metro BRT

50000

Bus Lane Capacity 4

BUS LANE

CAPACITY

Bus Lane Capacity 5

Bug Capacity Problem

CAN WE FIND OUT HOW MANY BUGS FIT INSIDE

A BOX?SURE! ALL WE NEED IS A PEN,

PAPER AND SOME MINUTES

Bus Lane Capacity 6

Bug Capacity Problem

Bus Lane Capacity 7

Bug Capacity Problem

Bus Lane Capacity 8

Bug Capacity Problem

Bus Lane Capacity 9

Bug Capacity Problem

1,2,3…17,18,19…45,46,47…

101,108,111…

Bus Lane Capacity 10

Bug Capacity Problem

3025,3026, 3027! 3027 BUGS!

DID YOU JUST JUMP FROM 1890

TO 1981?

DO YOU THINK SO? IF I DID, THERE ARE

JUST…2937 BUGS!

Bus Lane Capacity 11

Bug Capacity Problem

OH, WE’LL NEVER KNOW A BOX CAPACITY…

WHAT IF WE PLACE AN ELETRONIC

BUG COUNTER AT DOOR?

WHAT IF WE ASK FOR HELP?

Bus Lane Capacity 12

Operational CAPACITY

Co= x * 3600

10+L/610*(L-3)

+ Ren*t1

(pas/hour)

Co = operational capacity (passengers/hour-direction)

x = projected saturation

L = bus length (in meters)

Ren = bus stop boarding ratio (% of all passengers)

t1 = average boarding time/passenger

Bus Lane Capacity 13

BUS STOP - neck of the bottle

speed

time

bus 1bus 2

buses stop (boarding)

Bus Lane Capacity 14

BUS STOP - neck of the bottle

speed

time

bus 1bus 2

buses stop (boarding)

Bus Lane Capacity 15

BUS STOP - neck of the bottle

speed

time

bus 1bus 2

buses stop (boarding)

Bus Lane Capacity 16

BUS STOP - neck of the bottle

speed

time

bus 1bus 2

buses stop (boarding)

Bus Lane Capacity 17

BUS STOP - neck of the bottle

speed

time

bus 1bus 2

buses stop (boarding)

Bus Lane Capacity 18

BUS STOP - neck of the bottle

speed

time

bus 1bus 2

buses stop (boarding)

Bus Lane Capacity 19

BUS STOP - time delay

space

time

bus 1bus 2

time delay boarding bus 2boarding bus 1

t1*pas

to

Bus Lane Capacity 20

Operational CAPACITY

Co= x * 3600

10+L/610*(L-3)

+ Ren*t1

(pas/hour)

Co = operational capacity (passengers/hour-direction)

x = projected saturation

L = bus length (in meters)

Ren = bus stop boarding ratio (% of all passengers)

t1 = average boarding time/passenger

Bus Lane Capacity 21

Boarding time

Co= x * 3600

10+L/610*(L-3)

+ Ren*t1

(pas/hour)

As boarding time decreases, capacity increases.

Example: for 2 seconds of boarding time, capacity would be 1800 passengers/hour.

Bus Lane Capacity 22

Renovation

Co= x * 3600

10+L/610*(L-3)

+ Ren*t1

(pas/hour)

Renovation fraction: there’s more passengers in the bus than the ones actually boarding. Capacity increases as renovation decreases.

Example: for 20% of passengers boarding, capacity in the whole system is five times bigger than boarding capacity.

Bus Lane Capacity 23

Delay time

Co= x * 3600

10+L/610*(L-3)

+ Ren*t1

(pas/hour)

Besides boarding time, there is a fixed delay between two buses (braking, opening and closing doors, departing, until the bus stop is free to another bus). This operation takes close to 10 seconds plus 1/6 seconds for each meter in bus length.

Bus Lane Capacity 24

Bus capacity

Co= x * 3600

10+L/610*(L-3)

+ Ren*t1

(pas/hour)

Delay time is calculated for each bus, so it must be divided by bus capacity in order to find average delay for each passenger.

Each linear meter loads up to 10 passengers. Three linear meters are spent with motor, driver, doors.

Example: an 18 m long bus has capacity for 150 passengers.

Bus Lane Capacity 25

Saturation

Co= x * 3600

10+L/610*(L-3)

+ Ren*t1

(pas/hour)

A maximum operational degree of saturation (x) should be defined to avoid excessive delays at bus stops.

Bus Lane Capacity 26

Operational CAPACITY

Co= x * 3600

10+L/610*(L-3)

+ Ren*t1

(pas/hour)

Co = operational capacity (passengers/hour-direction)

x = projected saturation

L = bus length (in meters)

Ren = bus stop boarding ratio (% of all passengers)

t1 = average boarding time/passenger

Bus Lane Capacity 27

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24

bus length (meters)

capa

city

(pas

seng

ers/

hour

)

x=0.4

ren=0.2

t1=2

Bus stop operational capacity

Bus Length vs capacity

Bus Lane Capacity 28

Boarding time vs capacityBus stop operational capacity

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2boarding time / passenger (seconds)

capa

city

(pas

seng

ers/

hour

)

ren=0.2 ren=0.5 ren=1.0

x=0.4L=18 m

Transmilenio

Bus Lane Capacity 29

Speed vs saturation

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

spee

d (k

m/h

)

saturation0 0.1 0.2 0.50.40.3 0.80.70.6 10.9

cars

buses

Bus Lane Capacity 30

Traveling time x saturation

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0

incr

ease

saturation0 0.1 0.2 0.50.40.3 0.80.70.6 10.9

cars

buses

Bus Lane Capacity 31

A

B

C

Convoy improves boarding time

Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

Bus Lane Capacity 32

A

B

C

Convoy improves boarding time

Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

Bus Lane Capacity 33

A

B

C

Convoy improves boarding time

Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

Bus Lane Capacity 34

A

B

C

Convoy improves boarding time

Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

Bus Lane Capacity 35

A

B

C

Convoy improves boarding time

Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

Bus Lane Capacity 36

A

B

C

Convoy improves boarding time

Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

Bus Lane Capacity 37

A

B

C

Convoy improves boarding time

Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

Bus Lane Capacity 38

A

B

C

Convoy improves boarding time

Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

Bus Lane Capacity 39

Convoy improves boarding time

Buses are ordered by destiny group at the beginning of corridor.

A

B

C

Bus Lane Capacity 40

Convoy improves boarding time

Bus stop can be extended like a train station platform.

Passengers know where group bus will stop.

AC B

Bus Lane Capacity 41

Convoy improves boarding time

Bus stop can be extended like a train station platform.

Passengers know where group bus will stop.

AC B

Bus Lane Capacity 42

Convoy improves boarding time

Bus stop can be extended like a train station platform.

Passengers know where group bus will stop.

AC B

Bus Lane Capacity 43

Convoy improves boarding time

Bus stop can be extended like a train station platform.

Passengers know where group bus will stop.

AC B

Bus Lane Capacity 44

Convoy improves boarding time

Bus stop can be extended like a train station platform.

Passengers know where group bus will stop.

AC B

Bus Lane Capacity 45

Bus convoy capacity

Co= x * 360010+ L/6

10*(L-3)+ Ren*t1

(pas/hour)8/N+2

*3

2+N

Bus Lane Capacity 46

Bus convoy capacityBus convoy capacity

26000

24000

22000

20000

18000

16000

14000

12000

10000

8000

60001 1.5 2 3.532.5 54.54 65.5

bus

lane

cap

acity

: pas

seng

ers/

hour

-dire

ctio

n

L=12 t1=.40L=18 t1=.33L=24 t1=.28

buses/convoy

Bus Lane Capacity 47

Bus convoy capacity

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

22000

24000

26000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

convoy extension (m)

bus

lane

cap

acity

: pa

ssen

gers

/hou

r- d

irect

ion

L=12 t1=.40L=18 t1=.33L=24 t1=.28

Bus Lane Capacity 48

Bus sub-stops

ABC70m 70m

Independent bus sub-stops can be provided where a second bus lane is

available.

Bus Lane Capacity 49

Bus sub-stops

ABC70m 70m

Independent bus sub-stops can be provided where a second bus lane is

available.

Bus Lane Capacity 50

Operational CAPACITY (with sub-stops)

Co= x * 3600

10+L/610*(L-3)

+ Ren*t1

(pas/hour)

Nsp=sub-stops number

Nsp*

Bus Lane Capacity 51

Express lines

bus stop

express

A

B

C

D

E

Bus Lane Capacity 52

Bus sub-stops & express lines

A second lane allows express lines and multiple bays, which can be used according to

passengers demand and bus flow requirements

ABC70m 70m

Bus Lane Capacity 53

Operational CAPACITY (with sub-stops and express lines)

Co= x * 3600

10+L/610*(L-3)

+ Ren*t1

(pas/hour)

Nsp=sub-stops number

Dir=Express buses fraction

Nsp**(1-Dir)

Bus Lane Capacity 54

How to boost your bus corridor

Improvement Capacity Boarding time Sub-stops Express

lines% Lanes

t1 Nsp Dir

original 3,000 2 1 0 1

level platform 5,000 1 1 0 1

outside collecting 9,400 0.33 1 0 1

bus convoys 16,000 0.33 4 0 1

sub-stops 28,200 0.33 3 0 2

express lines 36,700 0.33 3 40% 2

express lines 43,000 0.33 3 60% 2

express lines 52,000 0.33 3 80% 2

Bus Lane Capacity 55

Bug Capacity Problem

AH, I GOT IT!TO CALCULATE THE VOLUME I

NEED TO USE THIS FORMULA: V = A x

B x C!

Bus Lane Capacity 56

Bug Capacity Problem

HEY, RED BUG! WE NEED TO FIND

OUT THE BUG CAPACITY OF

ANOTHER BOX!

NO PROBLEM. I KNOW THE VOLUME

FORMULA NOW. GIVE ME THE PROBLEM

Bus Lane Capacity 57

Bus Lane Capacity 58

Bug Capacity Problem

GREAT! THEN I’LL TAKE THE

MEASURES AND YOU CAN

CALCULATE…EEEEEK!