1.0 Introduction

1.1 Abstract

The objective of this study is to analyse the services provided such as active/passive fireproofing, air-conditioning, passive/mechanical ventilation and passive/mechanical transportation in the selected old folk’s day-care centre found in Taman Kanagapuram, Old Klang Road. Through these thorough studies on the components and system that this building operates on, it is capable to achieve the understanding and emphasize on the importance it plays in every building’s design. To conclude our studies, a generated understanding of this system in accordance with the Uniform Building By-Laws and other miscellaneous rules and regulations found in the scope that the study covers will be translated clearly to the readers as a result.

1.2 Acknowledgements

We would like to inform the readers on our gratitude and thanks to Mr. Rizal on his guidance on the mentioned topics on our studies. He has display to us immense diligence on advising us on our approach on this project. We would also like to show our gratitude and thanks to all the lectures in the module that has shared their knowledge and insight regarding the lectures that are related to our project. They have given much effort into transmitting all their knowledge to us to take advantage of on this project and also for our general knowledge in the field.

1.3 Name of Building

Elderly Day-care Centre of Taman Kanagapuram

Image to be place

1.4 Location of BuildingTaman Kanagapuram, Old Klang Road.

1.5 Description of Building

The Sir House is an elderly day-care centre for the bungalow turned elderly homes that are abundant in the area of Taman Kanagapuram. This building consists of 3 floors, the ground floor which is mainly enclosed spaces, the first floor where there are more spaces with openings and the roof garden. This building is mainly open early in the morning till around after working hours so that those who drop off their elderly can pick them up without the hassle of going through the jam located on the main road before the turn into the area. It is a health service building so it won’t be opened in the night however there are still the employed helpers that stays in the accommodations in the building.

2.1 Fire Fighting – Active

Active fire protection (AFP) is a basic piece of fire protection. AFP is portrayed by things or potentially frameworks, which require a specific measure of movement and reaction so as to work, in opposition to passive fire protection.

Categories of active fire protection;

Fire suppression

Fire can be controlled or doused, either physically (firefighting) or automatically. Manual control incorporates the utilization of a fire extinguisher or a standpipe framework. Automatic control means can incorporate a fire sprinkler framework, a gaseous clean operator, or firefighting foam framework.

Sprinkler systems

Fire sprinkler frameworks are introduced in a wide range of structures; business and private. They are typically situated at roof level and are associated with a dependable water source, most generally city water. A commonplace sprinkler framework works when warmth at the site of a fire causes a glass segment in the sprinkler make a beeline for bomb, in this way discharging the water from the sprinkler head. This implies just the sprinkler head at the fire area works – not every one of the sprinklers on a story or in a building. Sprinkler frameworks lessen the development of a fire, in this way expanding life security and constraining auxiliary harm.

2.1.1 Fire detection

Fire is identified either by locating the smoke, fire or heat, and a warning signal is sounded to enable clearing and additionally to dispatch the neighborhood fire department. When a detection system is initiated, it can be modified to do different activities; de-stimulating magnetic hold open gadgets on fire doors and opening vents in stairways.

2.1.2 Hypoxic air fire prevention

Fire can be prevented by hypoxic air. Hypoxic air fire prevention systems, otherwise called oxygen reduction systems are new automatic fire aversion systems that decrease for all time the oxygen fixation inside the ensured volumes so that fire spreading or ignition can't happen, unlike conventional fire suppression systems that more often extinguish fire after it is detected, hypoxic air can prevent fires. At lower altitudes, hypoxic air is safe to breathe for healthy individuals.

2.1.3 Construction and maintenance;

All AFP systems are required to be installed and kept up as per strict rules, keeping in mind the end goal is to maintain compliance with the local construction law and the fire code.

AFP works alongside advanced architectural design and construction materials and fire safety instruction to forestall, impede, and stifle structural fires.

2.2 Fire Fighting – Passive

Passive Fire Protection (PFP) is a group of systems that compartmentalize a building through the use of fire-resistance rated walls/floors. Compartmentalizing your building into smaller sections helps to slow or prevent the spread of fire/smoke from one room to the next. PFP helps to limit the amount of damage done to a building and provides its occupants more time for evacuation.

Passive Fire Protection (PFP) consists of four categories which are purpose group and compartment, fire appliance access, walls and floors and means of escape.

2.2.1.1 Purpose Group and Compartment

According to the UBBL 1984 (pg. 134 and 136) and the 5th schedule, the purpose group categorizes buildings or compartments within a building in accordance to its intended usability. This serves as a method of prevention of fire spreading from one building to another. The purpose group reduces the active rate of fire spread that overtakes the rate of escape of the occupants. This system works alongside the active fire protection (AFP) to increase the chances for occupants to escape.

2.2.1.2 Fire Appliances Access

By law 140 in the UBBL 1984 specifies the proportions and dimensions of the building perimeter that must be accessible to the fire fighting appliances.This ensures vehicular access to the exterior of a building is needed to enable high reach appliances such as the turntable ladders and hydraulic platforms to be used.

2.2.1.3 Walls and Floors

Walls and floors can be reviewed as a part of the process of compartmentation. Party walls, compartment walls and floors, external wall and roof to the buildings and building boundaries are considerations needed in the design stages of a building.

2.2.1.4 Means of Escape

Means of escape is a planned escape route that leads to a safe place. Hence, the routes should be direct and short towards the danger-free zone. This includes access to the nearest staircase or corridors that lead to the exit. The protected areas must be free of combustible materials.

2.2.1.5 Smoke Control

The fundamental standard of smoke and heat ventilation is to discharge warmth and smoke from a working under flame conditions with accentuation on the assurance of Human Life and property. In the underlying phases of a fire, heat, smoke and hot gases ascend to the roof of rooftop space then a layer amasses downwards.Early programmed openings of rooftop ventilators is urged to consistently to expel the heat and smoke ascending from the fire trying to accomplish a state of balance and soon thereafter the generating rate of hot gases is equivalent to the rate of release through the ventilators.

2.2.2 Passive Fire Protection (PFP) to apply in building:

1. Purpose group and compartment2. Fire appliance access3. Walls and floors4. Means of escape5. Exhaust fan or rooftop ventilators for smoke control

2.2.3 Purpose group and compartment proposal

The spaces in the building are divided in compartments, meaning each space is separated by walls as each space has a specific purpose. This reduces the chances of fast fire spread from one room to another.

1. By law 134 states : ...Where a building is divided into compartments, used or intended to be used for different purposes, the purposes group of each compartment shall be determined separately.

2. … Every building or compartment shall be regarded according to its use intended as falling within one of the purpose groups as set out in the 5th schedule to these By laws...

2.2.4 Fire Appliance Access

Fire appliances access include fire extinguishers, fire hoses and pathway for a fire truck to get close to the building as possible. These appliances should be close to spaces in a building that deals with heat or spaces that are vulnerable to spreads of fire.

The kitchen is the most vital spot for fire appliance access to be installed. This ensures that any mishaps will be controlled in the kitchen itself.

This space sits right above the kitchen area and fire appliances are also to be installed in case the controlling of fire spread in the kitchen fails.

The entrance should be at least 4 meters in width to allow fire trucks to pass through without wasting time to squeeze in a small pathway. The pathway should be able to withstand the weight of the fire truck hence, materiality of the pathway is crucial to avoid any mishaps.

2.2.5 Walls and floors

Party walls, compartment wall and floors, external wall and roof of the building and building boundaries should be well designed to ensure time is added for occupants of a building escapes a fire spread.

Party Wall.

Party walls should be thick enough and be made of least combustible material to reduce the chances of fire spread to another building beside it. A party wall is best designed using bricks as it can hold a fire spread longer than materials as such as wood.

2.2.6 Compartment Wall and Floor

Compartment walls and floors should be able to withstand horizontal fire spreading to another room, space or the floors above and below it. Compartment walls are extended from the foundation to the roof. The floors however are extended from one end to another to prevent any heat from rising upwards. The compartment wall and floors are constructed using fire-resistant materials.

According to UBBL 1984, it states; … Party walls shall generally be of not less than 200mm total thickness of solid masonry or in situ concrete....

2.2.7 Means of escape

The primary danger associated with fire is smoke and noxious gases that emits from it. Smoke produced disrupts the way to escape and exit the affected space. In a situation as such, an average human being on can move about 12 meters per minute. The purpose of this escapes is for occupants of a building to escape by themselves without being rescued.

2.2.8 Smoke control

To imbue smoke control in the building, curtain boards are implemented in between the space and the door to reduce the amount of smoke that rose to the ceiling to travel across another space.

Pressurization is entirely confined to the vertical part of the escape route. This is used when the staircase is approached directly from the accommodated space or lobby.

According to the Clause 198 ; … All staircase enclosure shall be ventilated at each floor by either permanent openings or openable windows to open air having a free area no less than 1 square meter per floor.

Hence, casement windows and louvered windows are the type of windows to be installed at each floor to allow any smoke to escape since they have the highest efficiency of openings.

3.1 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

In general air conditioning is defined as the simultaneous control of temperature, humidity, cleanliness and air motion. Depending upon the requirement, air conditioning is divided into the summer air conditioning and the winter conditioning. Air conditioning is subdivided into the comfort and industrial air conditioning. The former deals with human comfort which as well, requires noise control while the latter is meant to produce an environment suitable for the comfort, performance, health and equipment.

(Manohar Prasad (2nd edition,2003), Refrigeration and Air conditioning, New Delhi, New Age International (P) Ltd. )

The necessity of air conditioning arises with the survival and normal functioning of human beings in a space. Comfort conditioning is to provide a comfortable environment for most occupants. Humans are reasonably tolerant to humidity and may be comfortable from a range between 55%- 20 % relative humidity at normal comfort temperatures. It is therefore common when specifying to limit humidity in summer and not specify a limit in winter. Typically, thus a specification would state internal condition of 22˚C /50% relative humidity being maintained at 30˚C/20˚C wet bulb external conditions in summer. In winter the specification may typically be 21˚C internal temperature at -3˚C saturated outside air temperature.

There are several types of air conditioning systems that exist: Window unit air conditioning, split unit, packaged unit, centralized air conditioning. Window unit is suitable for small room only. Split unit consists of two units: indoor and outdoor unit. Otherwise in most commercial buildings centralized air conditioning is common.

The main function of air conditioning system is mainly to produce cool ventilation inside the building which the heat is taken out of a certain location to give a chilled air effect. The key process is that the air circulation is drawn to the condenser containing refrigerant gas. The circulation process undergoes three stages wherein the evaporator carries secondary cooled refrigerant passing through to release ice-cold air into the area. Therefore, an air conditioning system can make the air indoors cold and release hot air outside. This is the function of the refrigerant. The air conditioning system composes if mechanical components: blower, chemical refrigerant, condenser, compressor and evaporator coil.

3.2 REFRIGERANT CYCLE

INTRODUCTION

Throughout this case study, the rules and regulations by Uniform building by-laws (UBBL) 14th Edition 2006 Section 41 were applied. They are as follows:

41(2). Any application for the waiver of the relevant by-laws shall only be considered is in addition to the permanent air-conditioning system there is provided alternative approved means of ventilating the air-conditioned enclosure, such that within half an hour of the air-conditioning system failing, not less than the stipulated volume of fresh air specified hereinafter shall be introduced into the enclosure during the period when the air-conditioning system is not functioning.

41(4) Where permanent mechanical ventilation in respect of lavatories, water-closets, bathrooms or corridors is provided for and maintained in accordance with the requirements of the Third Schedule to these By-laws, the provisions of these By-laws relating to natural ventilation and natural lighting shall not apply to such lavatories, water-closets, bathrooms or corridors.

3.3 MASTER AND SLAVE VRF (VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW)

The occupants of Elderly home are mostly senior citizens with probable health issues, are environment sensitive to temperature, noise and humidity. The spaces selected for air conditioning are exposed to computer equipment as well as the main entrance opening.

VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) is a sophisticated technological air condition system involving one outdoor unit connected to several indoor units. Since the Elderly Home has a roof garden, it is ensured to not engage the building’s façade and minimum engagement to the roof.

3.3.1 Reasons to choose VRF:

Energy Efficiency

VRF system is designed to provide exactly the amount of cooling needed for the current conditions, which means runs at a lower capacity. The VRF system is also designed to capture heat from the cooling process and reuse it in other areas that may need heating.

Quiet Operation

The noisier condensing unit is typically outside, and the indoor air handlers are smaller and quieter than a traditional split system.

Consistent Comfort

The VRF system’s compressor can detect the precise requirement of each zone, and send the precise amount of refrigerant needed to do the job. Thus, each area of the space is consistently comfortable with well-controlled humidity and no hot or cold spots.

Requires less space

Since air handlers are smaller and VRF systems do not usually require ducts, they do not require as much wall and ceiling space for the equipment. Hence gorgeous ceilings.

Modern Controls

Allows control over the temperature per occupants’ requirement.

3.3.2 THE OUTOOR UNIT

(picture from www.trane.com )

(picture from http://www.fujitsu-general.com/ ) (picture from https://hvactutorial.wordpress.com )

(picture from http://www.fujitsu-general.com/ )

3.3.3 THE INDOOR UNITS

Fresh supply of air is blown into the space through the linear cassettes outlets and heat flow to the grill showing on the ceiling

3.3.4 CONTROLS NETWORK

Wired remote control

(Picture from http://www.fujitsu-general.com/ )

The temperature can be controlled as per occupant’s condition.

4.0 Ventilation System

4.1 Literature Review

4.1.1 Mechanical Ventilation System

Ventilation is defined in a process where the change of air is taken place in an enclosed area into a fresher and cleaner air. For the process to be in effect, the dirty and unwanted air is extracted out and is resupplied with fresh and clean air from an external source into the targeted enclosed space. This can be achieved with the use of mechanical ventilation system that makes use of fans and air-conditioners. Apart of the changing of air, this ventilation system can also aid in the distribution of collected air throughout the entire building or even targeted spaces in a building. Hence, mechanical ventilation system can be said to have more controlled over passive ventilation system however it requires maintenance to be effective.

This systems consist of certain components to function, a couple of those components are:

a) Fan : To pull stale air outb) Makeup air supply : External air is delivered throughout the house

There are two main systems in which can be chosen depending on the climatic condition of the country the building resides.

a) Spot Ventilationb) Heat Recovery and Energy-Recovery Ventilation System

Each of this system is made up of the same components, in which are:

i) FanA device to impel air through inlets of ducts to remove hot, humid and polluted air. They function to bring in outdoor air and circulate indoor air throughout a building.

ii) FiltersTo sift the external air that is being supplied from the inlets. This is a system to trap dust and smoke and ensure there is no contamination that will enter the space.

iii) DuctworkThis is basically what consists of the network of the ventilation system that helps to transport air from one point to another. They channel the extracted or supplied air into the inside or outside of the building.

iv) Fire DampersIn occurrence of fire, to avoid the fire from spreading from one room to another, there is shut off systems implemented inside the ductworks to stop the spread of fire. There are break of points that are susceptible to heat and that is what triggers this shut offs.

v) DiffusersThe devices that are placed in rooms that requires to be supplied with air. It is the end point of any ductwork which is carrying supplying air into a specific space in a building.

4.1.1.1 Spot Ventilation

Spot Ventilation system is separated into 3 different ways to run:

a) Supply SystemIts mechanical purpose is to function as an inlet, causing the building to natural extract its ventilation. Its purpose is to supply the room with positive pressure in return; The air flow inside the space which consist of a higher pressure would then flow out through the passive ventilation of the openings in the space into the lesser pressured, in comparison to the space inside, outside.

b) Extract SystemIts mechanical purpose is opposite of that in a supply system, where its mechanical purpose is to be an extract ventilation and relying on passive ventilation to supply fresh air into the space. Its function causes a build-up of negative pressure in that space, in which causes the pressure to be lower in comparison to the outside, which then causes air to be sucked in to replace the displacement of air inside the space.

c) Balancing/Combination SystemIt combines the two systems of supply and extract, hence there is a function with a mechanical extract to release stored stale air and at the same time to resupply the space with fresh and clean air. This system causes a slight pressurization which in turn helps with the prevention of dust, draughts and noise. This system can be layout throughout a building to achieve a balanced house pressure by supplying fresh air and pickup stale air from multiple points in the building.

4.2 Introduction to our building’s ventilation system

Mechanical ventilation system as explained in the literature review, consist of many types of system which is used in case of the size, type and area the building resides in. As for our building which is the Sir House, it uses a variety of spot ventilations.

4.3 Finding and analysis

4.3.1 Extract System (Spot Ventilation)

The primary use of this ventilation system is to extract all the stale air found mostly in the toilets and kitchen for there is where the highest humidity level can be found and an extract system is useful to insure the control of humidity by extracting the stale air out of the area and with the design of the building, many openings can be found around the spaces which would then resupply with building with fresh air. Since the area is in a residential area and is protected from the main streets where all the dust and smog can be found, having just the extract system is ideal for it does not just do its job well, it is more cost efficient among the rest for this particular job.

4.3.2 Balance/Combined System (Spot Ventilation)

In the enclosed spaces such as the game room and clinical offices, the usage of a supply and extract system can insure the pressurization in those spaces which would in turn prevent dust, draughts and reduction of noise, which are incredible factors to keep for the selected spaces. This balanced system can also secure clean air by installing filters in its ductworks and also possible in controlling not just air pressure but temperature, humidity and also ventilation in general. The key factor to the usage of this is its control factor which is important for the users in the building which are fragile elderly people.

4.4 Conclusion

According to the UBBL requirement and regulation (UBBL 2012, Amendments on EE and MS 1525), each mechanical ventilation system (supply and/or exhaust) shall be equipped with a readily accessible switch or other means for shut-off or volume reduction when ventilation is not required. Examples of such devices would include timer switch control, thermostat control, duty cycle programming and CO/CO2 sensor control. 

All the ventilation stated above can be controlled from the switches located in the M&E room in the building in case of any emergency or need to adjust for the elderly.

According to theMS1525 year 2007, ACMV system should be equipped with automatic controls capable of accomplishing a reduction of energy use for example through equipment shutdown during periods of non-users or alternative use of the spaces served by the system.

Since Sir House is a day-care centre of a small scale, there is no need for automatic controls that are capable of accomplishing a reduction of energy such as turning off at a set time like offices. The helpers employed for the day-care centre will be keep the system in check and switch it off after working time to ensure the energy is not wasted in the building.

In conclusion, the system used for Sir House is appropriately chosen for its building size and purposes. The components are all placed at an appropriate location, well-maintained and taken care of. Every mechanical component is also adequate for a building of that scale.

5.0 MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

5.1 Literature Review

The definition of a mechanical transportation system is an equipment or vehicle for transporting users from one level of a building to another in the safest and most efficient way. The ease of access mechanical transportation systems provided have proven to benefit the quality of life for people, especially the old and weak. This is doubly so for a building built for the elderly where mobility is restricted and tiring due to their age. The biggest obstacle for the elderly would be travelling between floors of a building. There are several mechanical transportation systems that fit with different traveling methods. They are lifts/elevators, escalators, and travellators.

In this modern age, vertical transportation is now easily accessible with the invention of machine room less (MRL) elevators which do not require the use of a machine room. The motor which powers the car is installed using a permanent magnet which latches on the motor permanently with magnetism and work with Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (VVVF) drive. The main controller is installed on the top floor next to the landing doors however, in certain cases it is installed on the bottom-most floor for easier access. The elderly home uses this technology for their transportation system for traversing up floors. This system is used for buildings of about two stories to thirty stories high. The advantages of using a machine room less elevators include; but not limited to:

i) The availability of extra space to be used in the building due to the absence of a machine room

ii) Reduction in construction costs, time, materials and coordination issuesiii) Easier installation iv) Reduce the carbon footprint of the building while using up to 75% less energy

(due to the Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (VVVF) drive)

The most suitable system is a traction elevator because it works like a pulley system in which the car is balanced by a counterweight on the other end. The two components are then linked together by steel belts or steel wire ropes which is looped over the machine. The counterweight is there are a counterbalance to the weight of the car. This allows for less energy required to raise and lower the elevator. Some of the components that make up a machine room less traction elevators are but not limited to:

i) A compact controller/inspection or test panel which is fitted within the hoistwayii) Steel coated belts which are flexible to provide a smaller bending radius compared

to wire ropesiii) Uses no oil (this eliminates the risk of fire)

5.2 Introduction

This section of the report for this topic of mechanical transportation systems aim to cover the components that are used in the interior of an elevator car as well as in the elevators lobbies, highlighting the functions and the specifications of these components. Besides that, there will be explanations provided for the traction version of the machine room less elevator system to further familiarize the advantages of using it. Each significant component used within this system will be focused and analyzed as well. Moreover, we will be taking the entire system and its specifications and analyze it in accordance to the Uniform Building By-Law requirements as well as other requirements to pinpoint the efficiency of its design. Lastly, the elevator system will have its dimensions and specifications listed out as a summary for clarification.

5.3 Findings and Analysis5.4 External Elevator Components5.4.1 Landing Lanterns

The main purpose of the landing lantern is to indicate the floor in which the elevator car is currently stationed at as well as the direction it is heading, whether it be up or down. Other than that, it also shows whether or not the car is out-of-service. These landing lanterns must be placed at angles where it is completely visible within the elevator lobby.

5.4.2 Call Buttons

The call buttons are the main interactive component of the external part of the elevator system. It is used to request for a car to the respective floor. Call buttons are installed on every floor that requires the usage of the elevator car. Once pressed, the request in shown by the illumination of the button to indicate the request being received and the elevator car is on its way to the passenger.

5.4.3 Fireman’s Elevator Switch

The fireman’s switch is used for emergencies where it allows for the fire department to over-ride all the floor calling systems to return all the elevator cars to where the fireman’s elevator switch is activated. In most cases, the switch is located on the most bottom floor as a safety precaution. In this case, the elevator cars will return to the lowest floor. Once stationed on the floor designated, the elevator doors will open and remain open until the switch is toggled once again.

5.4.4 Elevator Control Panel

The control panel is linked to the intercom located inside of the elevator car. During emergencies, the control panel is opened and used by the elevators or the fire brigade to assist victims trapped inside of the elevator car. This control panel must go through scheduled maintenance for at least once per year to ensure optimum function and reduce risk of breakdown.

5.4.5 Elevator Car Door

Elevator doors serve to prevent passengers from falling into the shaft of the system. The usual configuration for the doors are two sliding panels that meet in the middle, allowing it to open and close laterally. It is equipped with a laser sensor to prevent passengers from being injured by a closing door. The clear opening of the elevator car door is about 1400mm typically.

5.5 Internal Elevator Components5.5.1 Floor Selection Buttons and Emergency Call Button

The floor selection buttons allow passengers to select which floor they are heading and once selected, the elevator car will ascend or descend to the chosen floor. The buttons panel will always contain an emergency call button that is usually of a slightly different colour to signify its importance and ease of locating it during times of emergency. The purpose of this button is to set off an alarm and activate the intercom in the same instance. The open and close door buttons allow the users to open or close the doors manually.

5.5.2 Ventilation

According to Malaysian Standard 1525, all elevator cars will be fitted with adequate forced ventilation (with recommended air movement of 0.15 m/s – 0.50 m/s) during elevator operation hours where the cars are available for transportation. The ventilating fans or bowers are to be securely fastened in place and placed above the car ceiling or the outside of the car enclosure.

5.5.3 Emergency Railings

Due to the building being built for the elderly, emergency railings are required for the safety and ease for the passengers. Grab bars must be installed on both sides as well as the rear side of the elevator car and raised at a height between 900mm to 1200mm from the elevator landing floor level to adhere to the EN 81 ISO/TR 11071 standards. These bars are required to be placed in a position for all the passengers to be able to grab onto in the vicinity of the car.

5.6 Machine Room Lee Traction Elevator System5.6.1 Diagram of System5.6.2 Components of System5.6.2.1 Inspection Service (INS)

The inspection service is used during routine maintenance operations. It allows the contractors to control and maneuver the elevator car up and down. It is typically activated by a key switch on the car operating panel labeled ‘Inspection’, ‘Car Top’, ‘Access Enable’ or ‘HWENAB’. When activated, the elevator car will come to a stop if moving, car calls will be canceled (and the buttons disabled), and calls from elevator lobbies assigned to other elevator cars.

5.6.2.2 Gearless Motor and Steel Belt

The motor pulls and pushes the steel belts which moves the elevator cars upwards and downwards.

5.6.2.3 Control Panel

The control panel is used during maintenance operations. It allows for configurations of the elevator specifications. This is used by the elevator contractors.

5.6.2.4 Hinges

The hinges connect the steel wire ropes from the elevator car to the counterweights located below the hinges.

5.6.2.5 Counterweights

The function of counterweights is to act as a counterbalancing object to the weight of the elevator car.

5.6.3 Arrangement of System

-To be elaborated-

3.3.4 Uniform Building By-Law and Other Requirements

In accordance to the Uniform Building By-Law requirements, every elevator and elevator shaft must open into a protected lobby which are to be equipped with smoke detectors. Other than that, in the case of a fire, all the elevators will return to its designated floors under the control of the fireman’s elevator switch. Lastly, with the control of the fireman’s elevator switch, only the fireman elevators will be operable and shall respond to car calls instead of the landing calls of the switch.

On to the more technical requirements are that the distance from the wall of the elevator lobby to the elevator doors must be at a minimum of 2.4 m. Moreover, the distance from each ends of the floor to the elevator lobby should not be more than 45 m.

6.3.5 Summary of Elevator Specifications

-To be elaborated-

6.4 Conclusion

The proposal for a mechanical transportation system to be installed for this building home of the elderly is ultimately a machine room less traction elevator system due to its simplicity and efficiency when compared to other systems. The elevator floor plan positioning, layout, specification and precautions are to be designed in accordance to the Malaysian Standards 1525, Uniform Building By-Law and other requirements for the maximum security and safety of the passengers. In conclusion, this vertical transportation system is the most capable system to be used for this building.

ReferencesDepartment of Standards Malaysia. (2014). Malaysian Standard 1525:2014. Selangor:

Department of Standards Malaysia.

Ikejima, H. (1999, December). Elevators Without a Machine Room: the Mitsubishi GPQ Series. Mitsubishi Electric ADVANCE, 88, 8-11.

LonMark. (2002). LONMARK® Functional Profile: Vertical/Conveyer Transportation. LonMark Interoperability Association.

Otis. (2016). Elevators - Machine-Roomless - Gearless - Otis Elevator - USA. Retrieved from Otis USA: http://www.otis.com/site/us/pages/AboutElevators.aspx?menuID=2