building paragraphs

A Life of Adventure

mary seacole was born in 1805 in kingston jamaica her mother practised as a ‘doctress’ using medical knowledge which women had brought from africa and developed in the tropics from her mother mary inherited her medical skills as well as her ability to run a boarding house from her father a scottish military man she inherited her fascination with army life mary’s own medical reputation was established during a series of cholera and yellow fever epidemics she made her own medicines and emphasised high standards of hygeine as well as enforcing strict quarantine on victims by these methods she saved many lives on the outbreak of the crimean war mary volunteered her services to the british army although she had worked for the army before at its own request this time she was turned down undaunted mary made her own way to the war zone once in the crimea she not only nursed the soldiers but also ran a hotel and sold food wine and medicines after the war mary was treated as a celebrity she was decorated by the governments of four countries in england a poem in her honour was published in punch and even the royal family requested her company and medical expertise

mary seacole was born in 1805 in kingston jamaica her mother practised as a ‘doctress’ using medical knowledge which women had brought from africa and developed in the tropics from her mother mary inherited her medical skills as well as her ability to run a boarding house from her father a scottish military man she inherited her fascination with army life mary’s own medical reputation was established during a series of cholera and yellow fever epidemics she made her own medicines and emphasised high standards of hygeine as well as enforcing strict quarantine on victims by these methods she saved many lives on the outbreak of the crimean war mary volunteered her services to the british army although she had worked for the army before at its own request this time she was turned down undaunted mary made her own way to the war zone once in the crimea she not only nursed the soldiers but also ran a hotel and sold food wine and medicines after the war mary was treated as a celebrity she was decorated by the governments of four countries in england a poem in her honour was published in punch and even the royal family requested her company and medical expertise

A Life of Adventure

Exercise 1 (5 mins)

Separate into1. sentences

2. paragraphs.

What is a paragraph?

- A group of sentences

- What groups them?

- One idea

mary seacole was born in 1805 in kingston jamaica her mother practised as a ‘doctress’ using medical knowledge which women had brought from africa and developed in the tropics from her mother mary inherited her medical skills as well as her ability to run a boarding house from her father a scottish military man she inherited her fascination with army life mary’s own medical reputation was established during a series of cholera and yellow fever epidemics she made her own medicines and emphasised high standards of hygeine as well as enforcing strict quarantine on victims by these methods she saved many lives on the outbreak of the crimean war mary volunteered her services to the british army although she had worked for the army before at its own request this time she was turned down undaunted mary made her own way to the war zone once in the crimea she not only nursed the soldiers but also ran a hotel and sold food wine and medicines after the war mary was treated as a celebrity she was decorated by the governments of four countries in england a poem in her honour was published in punch and even the royal family requested her company and medical expertise

A Life of Adventure

Exercise 1 (5 mins)

Write down the main theme for each paragraph

planning

writing

What do you want to say?

Structure

Communicating

your ideas

Outlines are your recipe

Level 3

1. Nursing and models

1.1 Brief history of Nursing practice

• Began formally 1790 (Nightingale)

• Largely disorganised

• Original mission to heal…

1.2 The purpose of a model

• Because of disorganisation, model.

• Argument for a model.

2. History of models

2.1 The first model

Johnson 1820

2.2 Development and timeline.

Model A

Model B

3. The Markov Model: Strengths & Weaknesses

3.1 What is the model

Multi-team.

3.2 Strengths

3.3 Weaknesses

4. An alternative: Vygotsky

4.1 What is Vygotsky Model

4.2 How overcomes weaknesses

5. Conclusions

Outlining – Level 3

Structure

Introduction– outline of essay

Main section– Main point A

• details, evidence

– Main point B

Conclusion– summary of main points– personal conclusions

StructureEssay Paragraph

paragraph structure

Students require more recreational time in order to better focus on lessons in class. In fact, studies have shown that students who enjoy a recess of more than 45 minutes consistently score better on tests immediately following the recess period. Clinical analysis further suggests that physical exercise greatly improves the ability to focus on academic materials. Longer periods of recess are clearly required to allow students the best possible chances of success in their studies. Clearly, physical exercise is just one of the necessary ingredients for improving student scores on standardized tests.

topic sentence

Students require more recreational time in order to better focus on lessons in class. In fact, studies have shown that students who enjoy a recess of more than 45 minutes consistently score better on tests immediately following the recess period. Clinical analysis further suggests that physical exercise greatly improves the ability to focus on academic materials. Longer periods of recess are clearly required to allow students the best possible chances of success in their studies. Clearly, physical exercise is just one of the necessary ingredients for improving student scores on standardized tests.

supporting sentences

Students require more recreational time in order to better focus on lessons in class. In fact, studies have shown that students who enjoy a recess of more than 45 minutes consistently score better on tests immediately following the recess period. Clinical analysis further suggests that physical exercise greatly improves the ability to focus on academic materials. Longer periods of recess are clearly required to allow students the best possible chances of success in their studies. Clearly, physical exercise is just one of the necessary ingredients for improving student scores on standardized tests.

concluding sentence

Students require more recreational time in order to better focus on lessons in class. In fact, studies have shown that students who enjoy a recess of more than 45 minutes consistently score better on tests immediately following the recess period. Clinical analysis further suggests that physical exercise greatly improves the ability to focus on academic materials. Longer periods of recess are clearly required to allow students the best possible chances of success in their studies. Clearly, physical exercise is just one of the necessary ingredients for improving student scores on standardized tests.

transitional sentence

Students require more recreational time in order to better focus on lessons in class. In fact, studies have shown that students who enjoy a recess of more than 45 minutes consistently score better on tests immediately following the recess period. Clinical analysis further suggests that physical exercise greatly improves the ability to focus on academic materials. Longer periods of recess are clearly required to allow students the best possible chances of success in their studies. Clearly, physical exercise is just one of the necessary ingredients for improving student scores on standardized tests.

paragraph recipe

1. Introduce

2. Expand/justify

3. Conclude

4. Transition Sentences

Paragraph Malfunction

• Too long (no structure)

• No clear idea or too many ideas

• Poor flow (linking words)

Avoid these with outlines.

Linking words

• First

• Furthermore

• Another

• In addition to

• However

• On the other hand

• Consequently

Paragraph Building

On the blank piece of paper provided, write a topic sentence.

Pick any idea or subject you like.

If you’re stuck try some of the following: Cats are man’s best friendVirtual friends but lonelyCelebrity You’re such a tweet

1.

5 mins

Paragraph Building

Pass the sheet to the person beside you.

Read the topic sentence you’ve just received.

Now write a supporting sentence for it.

2.

2 mins

Paragraph Building

Pass the sheet to the person beside you.

Read the topic sentence & supporting sentence you’ve just received.

Now write another supporting sentence

for it.

3.

2 mins

Paragraph Building

Pass the sheet to the person beside you.

Read the topic sentence & 2 supporting sentences you’ve just received.

Now write a concluding sentence

for it.

4.

3 mins

mary seacole was born in 1805 in kingston jamaica her mother practised as a ‘doctress’ using medical knowledge which women had brought from africa and developed in the tropics from her mother mary inherited her medical skills as well as her ability to run a boarding house from her father a scottish military man she inherited her fascination with army life mary’s own medical reputation was established during a series of cholera and yellow fever epidemics she made her own medicines and emphasised high standards of hygeine as well as enforcing strict quarantine on victims by these methods she saved many lives on the outbreak of the crimean war mary volunteered her services to the british army although she had worked for the army before at its own request this time she was turned down undaunted mary made her own way to the war zone once in the crimea she not only nursed the soldiers but also ran a hotel and sold food wine and medicines after the war mary was treated as a celebrity she was decorated by the governments of four countries in england a poem in her honour was published in punch and even the royal family requested her company and medical expertise

A Life of Adventure

Listen to your writing

Flow

Vary sentence and paragraph length

Rhythm

Read out loud

Introduction Outline (5 mins)1. Good health v. imp • Welfare• Economic development• Social development

2. WHO’s goal• Healthcare for all• Balanced with countries able to pay for this

3. This report : • What can be done to change health systems to achieve universal

coverage• Builds on new research and countries experience

The world health report - Health systems financing: the path to universal coverage

Good health is essential to human welfare and to sustained economic and social development.

WHO's Member States have set themselves the target of developing their health financing systems to ensure that all people can use health services, while being protected against financial hardship associated with paying for them.

In this report, the World Health Organization maps out what countries can do to modify their financing systems so they can move more quickly towards this goal; it builds on new research and lessons learnt from country experience.

Taken from Executive Summary to WHO report: http://www.who.int/whr/2010/en/index.html

paragraph recipe

1. Introduce

2. Expand/justify

3. Conclude

4. Transition Sentences

StructureEssay Paragraph