building iot with arduino day one

BUILDING INTERNET OF THINGSNWITH THE ARDUINO AND ATMEL AVR MICROCONTROLLER

Anthony Faustine Sambaiga (AL, UDOM)Bsc. ECS (UDSM), Msc. TE (UDOM)

Research Interest: WSAN, M2M, Smart grid Communications and ICT4D. 1

Training Introduction

The evolution of communication technologies bring Internet connection to devices at lower cost, less power consumption and smaller sizes.

• As the results devices are able to be parts of the so called Internet of Things (IoT).

Arduino: flexible micro-controller and development environment.

• Used to control devices, and to read data from all kinds of sensors.Arduino is the best way to be introduced to the IoT

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Aim

• Introduction to IoT and Cloud Computing.• Introduction to the world of Arduino.• See how to develop IoT application using Atmel AVR

microcontroller with Arduino boot loader.• See how to connect Arduino to the Cloud.

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Coverage

• Introduction to the Internet of Things (IoT)• Arduino Microcontroller Platform• Arduino Development Environment• Digital & Analog Inputs / Output• Reading Data From Sensors• Introduction to Atmel Atmega328• Connecting Arduino to the Internet• Cloud Computing and IoT• Where to buy equipment• Taking your prototype to commercial Product• Project works

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Internet of Things

Imagine having small device connected that can sense temperature, smoke, humidity, and light condition of your room and report them to a web services:

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Internet of Things

The Internet of Things, also called The Internet of Objects:

• A global network of smart devices that can sense and interact with their environment using internet for their communication and interaction.

• A network of Physical Objects that can interact with each other to share information and take Action.

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Internet of Things Concept

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IoT Device Requirements common to all of IoT Device include

• Sensing and data collection capability (sensing nodes)• Layers of local embedded processing capability (local

embedded processing nodes)• Wired and/or wireless communication capability

(connectivity nodes)• Software to automate tasks and enable new classes of

services• Remote network/cloud-based embedded processing

capability (remote embedded processing nodes)• Full security across the signal path

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Functional View of IoT Technologies

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Feature of IoT device

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Interaction with The Internet The ability to communicate directly or indirectly with the

internet make IoT device different from other devices.

• Why need to communicate with internet??Sensors generate lot of data that need to be

managed.Embedded memory is limitedInternet provide web application for data storage

which can be accessed anywhere or anytime.Provide data exchanges between other applications.

• The IoT is an interaction between the internet, things… and data

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Interaction with The Internet

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Building Blocks of the IoT

• Control Units• Sensors• Communication Modules• Power sources

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Control Units IoT device utilize microcontroller as the main control unit

• A microcontroller: Is a small computer in a single integrated circuit.It contain a processor core, a memory, and

programmable I/O peripheral.• MCU

The ‘brain’ controls everythingReads input from sensorsDrives outputsLED, Switch, Motor,…Communicates!

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Sensors Device that can sense the physical quantities and convert

into signal which can be interpreted by the MCU.

• Fall into two types Analog and Digital Sensor

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Communication Modules Provide connectivity to the IoT devices and the Internet Communication between IoT and the Internet can be

performed in two ways.

• There is an interned enabled intermediate node called gateway

• The IoT device has direct connection to the Internet

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Communication Modules

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Power Sources This can power

• Battery• Energy harvesting

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IoT Examples

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http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-examples/

Arduino Microcontroller Platform

Microcontroller:

• A small computer in a single integrated circuit• Consist of processor core, memory and programmable

I/O peripherals.• Very common component in modern electronics systems

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The main components of MCU

• CPUMain processing unit

• MemoryInclude the program that is being executed and is

also available for storing.• I/O peripheral

Pins that collect and generate digital signals to other circuit

• Serial line (TX/RX)Allow serial data to be transmitted to or from the MCU

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Most MCU also includes

• A/D convertersTo allow MCU receive analog data for processing

• TimersTo allow MCU to perform task for certain time period.

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PIC

• This is the classic micro from Microchip. • Very simple, very proven, • It lacks many of the features that other mfg’s are building

into their chips. AVR

• This is basically a direct competitor of PICs. • They do everything a PIC does, • It is better, faster, cheaper, and simpler.

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MSP

• These are very good micros by Texas Instruments (TI), • Excel at low-power applications.

ARM

• Very powerful, very low-cost• It is complex

8051

• Developed by Intel in the 1980s, • seems to be the instruction set they love to teach you in

college. • Very old tech

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Programming MCU The main function of the MCU is to control things through

I/O interfaces.

• To instruct MCU what and how to control you need to program it.

• MCU was ordinary programmed only in assembly languages.

• But nowadays MCU can be programmed in high-level programming language like C.

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Programming MCU To programme MCU you need a particular hardware

knows MCU programmer.

• Challenge of using programmerThe need for special hardware that is somehow

costlyIt is difficult to program

• These challenges can be addressed by a Bootloader Bootloader: A small program that has been loaded onto

the MCU.

• This program is programmed just once in the program memory of the MCU using programmer.

• After this the MCU can be programmed without a programmer

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Arduino Platform What is Arduino?

• An open-source physical computing platform based on A simple microcontroller board and A development environment for writing software for

the board.• Used to develop stand-alone interactive objects • It can be connected to a computer to retrieve or send

data to the Arduino.The board can be assembled by hand or purchased

preassembled.

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Arduino Platform

Arduino platform offer main three things which made programming of the MCU easy.

• An open source Bootloader• Open Schematic boards• A development environment

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Arduino Platform

Why Arduino used mostly

• It is inexpensive • cross-platform (the Arduino software runs on Windows,

Mac OS X, and Linux), and • easy to program. • Both Arduino hardware and software are open source

and extensible.

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Arduino Hardware Uses Atmel Microcontroller (AVR Atmega8 and

Atmega168 microcontroller chip)

• designed to be used with C language

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Arduino Board Arduino exist in several different board variants.

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Arduino Hardware

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Arduino Hardware

Prototyping Circuits Solderless Breadboard: The most useful tools in an

engineer or

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Prototyping Circuits

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Anatomy of a Breadboard

oDip supportoTerminal stripsoPower rails

Anatomy of a BreadboardTerminal strips

• Conductive metal rows that allow current to flow from any point in that strip.

• Each side of a given row is disconnected from the other

Anatomy of a BreadboardPower Rails

• Metal strips that are identical to the ones that run horizontally, except they are, typically*, all connected

• labeled with a ‘+’ and a ‘-• Power rails on either side are not connected

Anatomy of a BreadboardDIP Support

• This is the ravine that isolates the two sides of a breadboard

• Useful for connecting integrated circuits (ICs)

Hello World for a Circuit

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Arduino IDE A graphical cross platform application written in Java.

• Derived from the IDE for the processing programming language and the wiring project.

• Very simple to use• Run in Windows, Mac and Linux

It connects to the Arduino hardware to upload programs and communicate with them.

Arduino IDE Installation

Arduino IDE

Arduino IDE To use Arduino IDE

• Write your sketch• Press Verify button (to check for errors)• Press Upload button to program Arduino board with

your sketch

Writing Arduino program Software written using Arduino are called sketches.

• Language is standard C (but made easy) with lots of useful functions.

• These sketches are written in the text editor (IDE) and saved with the file extension .ino

A typical sketch consists of two parts or routines:

The initialization function called setup and The loop function

setup() – run once at beginning, set pinsloop() – run repeatedly, after setup()

Sketch structureo The setup function:

• Identified in the sketch as

• It is the main initiation function• It run once

Example

Sketch structure The loop function:

• Identified in the sketch as

• It is automatically executed.• Anything contained in this function will executed

repeatedly.Example

Writing Arduino program

“hello world” of Arduino

Activity 2: Setup the Circuit as Shown Below, Open Arduino IDE and Write the sketch below. Observe what happens

“hello world” of Arduino Open Arduino IDE and write the following code

Connect the Arduino board to the IDE


Connect the Arduino board to the IDE by selecting the appropriate serial port.


Next, double-check that the proper board is selected under the Tools => Board menu.


Upload your code and observe what will happen

• Now open your code and Add digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); delay(1000);

• Upload your code and observe what happen

Lab Session Try adding other LEDs

• Can you brink two, three or four LED (Each LED will need its own Resistor)

• Generate your own LED flashing • You may try

Police lightDisco lightTraffic lightetcc

[email protected]

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building iot with arduino day one

Technology

anthony faustineinteraction

internetanthony faustine

iotanthony faustine

dataanthony faustine

internet of objects

iot application

internet connection

signal pathanthony faustine